Lake Illawarra ( Aboriginal Tharawal language : various adaptions of Elouera , Eloura , or Allowrie ; Illa , Wurra , or Warra meaning pleasant place near the sea, or, high place near the sea, or, white clay mountain) is an open and trained intermediate wave dominated barrier estuary or large coastal lagoon , is located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , situated about 100 kilometres (62 mi) south of Sydney , Australia.
31-932: Until 2014, the lake environment was administered by the Lake Illawarra Authority (LIA), a New South Wales statutory authority established pursuant to the Lake Illawarra Authority Act 1987 (NSW) with the aim of transforming the degraded waters and foreshores of Lake Illawarra into an attractive recreational and tourist resource. In 2014, the LIA was replaced by the Lake Illawarra Estuary Management Committee (LIEMC), including representatives from Wollongong and Shellharbour City Councils, as well as independent scientific advisors, community members, and local Aboriginal representatives. Located south of
62-434: A lake. If volcanic activity continues or restarts, the centre of the caldera may be uplifted in the form of a resurgent dome , to become a crater lake island. Though typically calderas are larger and deeper than craters and form in different ways, a distinction between the two is often ignored in non-technical circumstances and the term crater lake is widely used for the lakes formed in both craters and calderas. The following
93-562: A mainland (for example, by cutting through the isthmus of a peninsula). Artificial islands have a long history, dating back to the crannogs of prehistoric Britain and Ireland, and the traditional floating Uru islands of Lake Titicaca in South America. Notable early artificial islands include the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan , at the site of modern Mexico City . Though technically caused by human activity, islands formed from hilltops by
124-549: A ministerial department and supported by several agencies. There are also a number of independent agencies that fall under a portfolio but remain at arms-length for political reasons, such as the Independent Commission Against Corruption and Electoral Commission . The state Executive Council , consisting of the governor and senior ministers, exercises the executive authority through the relevant portfolio. The legislative branch includes
155-631: A pledge of loyalty to Australia and to the people of New South Wales instead of swearing allegiance to the Queen her heirs and successors, and to revise the oaths taken by Executive Councillors. The Act was assented to by the Queen on 3 April 2006. On 5 June 2012 the Constitution Amendment (Restoration of Oaths of Allegiance) Act 2012 No 33 was assented to and made a further amendment to the Constitution Act 1902 , by restoring
186-401: A wide-ranging environmental and historical biography of the lake and its foreshores. The book also contains many images and photographs depicting the lake. Davis edited John Brown of Brownsville: his manuscripts, letterbook and the records of Dapto Show Society 1857–1904 that deals with the man who did most to protect the vegetation of the lake islands , and he authored Gooseberry & Hooka:
217-471: Is a list of large or notable crater lake islands: Impact craters , formed by the collision of large meteorites or comets with the Earth, are relatively uncommon, and those which do exist are frequently heavily eroded or deeply buried. Several, however, do contain lakes. Where the impact crater is complex , a central peak emerges from the floor of the crater. If a lake is present, this central peak may break
248-664: Is derived from various adaptions of the Aboriginal Tharawal language words of elouera , eloura , or allowrie ; illa , wurra , or warra mean generally a pleasant place near the sea, or high place near the sea, or white clay mountain. Matthew Flinders and George Bass called the lake Tom Thumb's Lagoon on Flinders' chart, named after their little boat the Tom Thumb , when they were there in March 1796. In Lake Illawarra: an ongoing history , Joseph Davis provides
279-403: Is popular for recreational fishing, prawning and sailing. On 12 January 2009, it is suspected a man was bitten by a bull shark whilst snorkelling at Windang, near the mouth of Lake Illawarra. Birds found at the lake include pelicans , cormorants , musk ducks , hoary-headed grebes , black swans , black ducks, grey teal ducks, herons , ibises and spoonbills . The traditional custodians of
310-424: Is the natural gas -powered Tallawarra Power Station . The power station draws water from the lake for cooling purposes, and returns water to the lake via an onsite water management system that ensures water quality is maintained at levels above the catchment average. The lake's location within the sprawling Wollongong urban area means that Lake Illawarra is vulnerable to pollution and urban run-off. Lake Illawarra
341-853: The High Court of Australia and other federal courts have overriding jurisdiction on matters which fall under the ambit of the Australian Constitution. In 2006, the Sesquicentenary of Responsible Government in New South Wales, the Constitution Amendment Pledge of Loyalty Act 2006 No. 6 was enacted to amend the Constitution Act 1902 to require Members of the New South Wales Parliament and its Ministers to take
SECTION 10
#1732786801852372-578: The New South Wales Labor Party . Lake island A lake island is any landmass within a lake . It is a type of inland island. Lake islands may form a lake archipelago . Lake islands may form in numerous ways. They may occur through a build-up of sedimentation as shoals , and become true islands through changes in the level of the lake. They may have been originally part of the lake's shore, and been separated from it by erosion , or they may have been left as pinnacles when
403-578: The Parliament of New South Wales website and were sworn on by the Governor with effect from 5 April 2023, while their opposition counterparts are listed to correspond with the government ministers. All Opposition counterparts are members of the Parliament of New South Wales. The full ministry was announced on 4 April 2023 and was sworn in the following day on 5 April. All Ministers are members of
434-537: The state's Constitution establishing a parliamentary democracy. Its relationship with the federal government is regulated by the Australian Constitution . The current government is held by the state Labor Party , led by Premier Chris Minns . Minns succeeded Dominic Perrottet from the Liberal Party on 28 March 2023 following the state election . New South Wales is governed according to
465-673: The Crown, is the formal repository of power, which is exercised by him or her on the advice of the Premier of New South Wales and the cabinet. The Premier and ministers are appointed by the Governor, and hold office by virtue of their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the Legislative Assembly. Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court of New South Wales and a system of subordinate courts, but
496-811: The Netherlands and other low lying countries. Notable modern examples of artificial lake islands include the Dutch polder of Flevopolder in Flevoland , the island of IJburg in Amsterdam , and Flamingo Island in Kamfers Dam , South Africa. At 948 km (366 sq mi), Flevopolder, in the now-freshwater lake IJsselmeer , is the largest man-made island in the world. There are few naturally occurring lake islands with an area in excess of 270 km (100 sq mi). Of these, five are located in
527-544: The bicameral state parliament , which includes the monarchy as represented by the governor , the Legislative Assembly , and Legislative Council . The judicial branch consists of three general courts ( Local , District and Supreme Court ), and several specialist courts such as the Children's Court or Coroner's Court . New South Wales received statehood upon the federation of Australia in 1901, with
558-518: The city of Wollongong , north of the city of Shellharbour , and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of Dapto , Lake Illawarra receives runoff from the Illawarra escarpment through Macquarie Rivulet and Mullet Creek, drawing from a catchment area of 238 square kilometres (92 sq mi). With an average depth of 2.1 metres (6 ft 11 in), the relatively shallow lake, brought about because of infilling by sand which has been eroded from
589-407: The collapse of the magma chamber under the volcano. If enough magma is ejected, the emptied chamber is unable to support the weight of the volcano, and a roughly circular fracture, the ring fault , develops around the edge of the chamber. The centre of the volcano within the ring fracture collapses, creating a ring-shaped depression. Long after the eruption, this caldera may fill with water to become
620-419: The craters of larger volcanoes. Other lake islands include ephemeral beds of floating vegetation, and islands artificially formed by human activity. Lakes may sometimes form in the circular depressions of volcanic craters . These craters are typically circular or oval basins around the vent or vents from which magma erupts. A large volcanic eruption sometimes results in the formation of a caldera , caused by
651-488: The deliberate flooding of valleys (such as in the creation of hydroelectricity projects and reservoirs ) are not normally regarded as artificial islands. Artificial islands are built for numerous uses, ranging from flood protection to immigration or quarantine stations. Other uses for reclaimed artificial islands include expansion of living space or transportation centres in densely populated regions. Agricultural land has also been developed through reclamation of polders in
SECTION 20
#1732786801852682-529: The island reserves of Lake Illawarra 1829–1947 , the latter examining the records of John Brown and others and deals with the history of these two islands and how they survived to become nature refuges rather than recreation reserves. Government of New South Wales The Government of New South Wales , also known as the NSW Government , is the governing body of New South Wales , Australia. The executive government comprises 11 portfolios, led by
713-682: The islands in Canada's Clearwater Lakes , and the Slate Islands of Lake Superior, also in Canada. Sollerön Island in Siljan Lake , Sweden, and an unnamed island in Lake Karakul , Tajikistan, was also formed by meteor impact. The term floating island is sometimes used for accumulations of vegetation free-floating within a body of water. Due to the lack of currents and tides, these are more frequently found in lakes than in rivers or
744-401: The lake formed through a raising in the level of a river or other waterway (either naturally, or artificially through the damming of a river or lake). On creation of a glacial lake a moraine can form an island. They may also have formed through earthquake , meteor , or volcanic activity. In the latter case, crater or caldera islands exist, with new volcanic prominences in lakes formed in
775-468: The land surrounding what is now known as Lake Illawarra are the Aboriginal Tharawal and Wadi Wadi peoples. Lake Illawarra was a valuable source of food and spirituality. Burial sites and middens (shell and camp rubbish heaps) discovered at Windang and surrounding areas indicate that the Wadi Wadi used the area extensively and performed various corroborees and ceremonies in the area. The name Illawarra
806-539: The open sea. Peaty masses of vegetable matter from shallow lake floors may rise due to the accumulation of gases during decomposition, and will often float for a considerable time, becoming ephemeral islands until the gas has dissipated enough for the vegetation to return to the lake floor. Artificial or man-made islands are islands constructed by human activity rather than formed by natural means. They may be totally created by humans, enlarged from existing islands or reefs, formed by joining small existing islands, or cut from
837-499: The option of taking the oath of allegiance to the Queen, her heirs and successors, in addition to the option of taking the pledge of loyalty. The change applies to members of Legislative Council, Legislative Assembly and Executive Council. The following individuals serve as government ministers, at the pleasure of the King, represented by the Governor of New South Wales. The government ministers are listed in order of seniority as listed on
868-723: The principles of the Westminster system , a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the United Kingdom . Legislative power formally rests with the King, acting with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly —together known as the Parliament of New South Wales . Executive power is exercised by the Executive Council, which consists of the Governor and senior ministers. The Governor, as representative of
899-418: The sea. The lake system received large amounts of nutrient and sediment from the catchment which tended to remain within the lake. Water levels within the lake also fluctuated greatly, affecting the local flora species. In July 2007 the Lake Illawarra Authority completed works on training the entrance of the lake to create a permanent opening to the sea. Located on the western shore of Lake Illawarra at Yallah
930-547: The surrounding catchments, covers a surface area of 35.8 square kilometres (13.8 sq mi). At an elevation of 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in) AHD , the maximum volume of water held in the lake is 74,275 megalitres (2,623.0 × 10 ^ cu ft). The narrow tidal entrance to the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean is located at Windang . Before 2007 Lake Illawarra was frequently closed to
961-542: The water's surface as an island. In other cases, other geological processes may have caused only a ring-shaped annular lake to remain from an impact, with a large central island taking up the remaining area of the crater. The world's largest impact crater island (and the world's second-largest lake island of any kind) is René-Levasseur Island , in Lake Manicouagan , Canada. The Sanshan Islands of Lake Tai , China, are also examples of impact crater islands, as are