Misplaced Pages

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49-469: On the Delisle map of 1706, the lake is named Himgon and from it flows a river labelled with the names Usurou and Ousuri . On the 1739 map of Johann Matthias Hase , the lake is named Lake Hinka and the river flowing from it called by the names Ousoury and Schur . On the 1752 map of d'Anville , the lake is named Hink , and the river from it is called Songhachan , which flows, in turn, into

98-517: A map of the Russian Empire was launched by Peter the Great , but did not come to fruition until two decades later, in the reign of Empress Anna . Ivan Kirilov (1689–1737), the first director of the imperial Cartographic Office, had Delisle officially invited to Russia with a view to his collaborating on the proposed map of the empire. However, Delisle and Kirilov clashed on how best to draw up

147-551: A monastery in Tobolsk, where in addition to Russian and Old Church Slavonic manuscripts he was shown a mammoth tusk and other bones "d'une grandeur extraordinaire". The abbot recounted to Delisle that the previous year (1739) a Siberian merchant by the name of Fugla, already famous for his prodigious strength (he had fought and killed a bear with his bare hands), further added to his fame when he found near Yeniseisk an intact mammoth head "d'une grosseur étonnante." Delisle himself

196-593: A narrow sandy spit. Khanka Lake freezes in the second half of November and thaws in April. The fauna and flora of Lake Khanka are rich in species. In 1971, the Ramsar Convention gave the lake the status of a wetland of international importance. In 1990, the Khanka Nature Reserve was organized in part of the then- Soviet basin of Lake Khanka. In April 1996, an agreement was signed between

245-409: Is 67%, at the meantime, the frost-free season is more than 200 days. Gaoyou has the characteristics of mild climate, adequate rainfall, four distinctive seasons, sufficient sunshine and long frost free period. Unfortunately, Jiangsu province and Gaoyou in particular is China's "tornado hometown" and its climate and environment make the area highly susceptible to tornadoes such as an EF4 in 2016. Gaoyou

294-606: Is a document entitled "Ordre des informations à faire sur chaque différente nation", which gives a structured outline of the ethnographic data to be collected for each particular Siberian nation: its history, geographical area, relations with other ruling powers, system of government, religion (e.g. belief in God, the Devil, life after death), knowledge in the arts and sciences, physical characteristics, costume, occupations, tools, mores, dwellings, and language. On 30 June 1740, Delisle visited

343-410: Is a military town on the canal line and the gateway to the two Huai River. Now, Gaoyou is located in the central part of Jiangsu Province, which is also part of Yangtze River Delta. It borders Baoying and Jinhu to the north, Jiangdu to the south and Xinghua to east. There are over twenty townships, Lingtang Hui Ethnic Township is the only Minority Township in the province. The population in this county

392-464: Is an ancient lake, rich in fish and bird species - a richness reflected in the ancient name Khankai-Omo - "Sea of bird feathers". Likewise, in the Middle Ages, the fish fauna of Lake Khanka furnished the tables of both Chinese and Jurchen emperors with an abundance of delicacies. In 1868, Nikolay Przhevalsky visited Lake Khanka, leaving for posterity his descriptions of the flora and fauna of

441-501: Is approximately eighty-three thousand. The total area is 1963 square kilometres with 1175 square kilometres of land area and 788 square kilometres of water surface area. Gaoyou is a plain region which full of rivers and lakes. Gaoyou Lake is the third largest lake in Jiangsu, which closes to The Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou. Geographical location provides important water resources and rich aquatic products for this county. Gaoyou

490-418: Is explained by frequent winds and, as a result, strong mixing. On average, the water inflow is about 1.94 km (0.47 cu mi) per year, and the outflow about 1.85 km (0.44 cu mi). On the northern (Chinese) shore lies Lake Small Khanka ( Chinese : 小兴凯湖 ; pinyin : Xiaoxingkai Hu ; Russian : о́зеро Малая Ха́нка, ozero Malaya Khanka ), separated from Lake Khanka proper by

539-573: Is in Chinese territory. The lake is pear-shaped, with an extension in its northern part. The surface area of the water is highly variable, depending on climate conditions. The maximum extension reaches 5,010 km (1,930 sq mi), the minimum extension is 3,940 km (1,520 sq mi). The length of the lake is about 90 km (56 mi), the maximum width is 67 km (42 mi). There are 24 rivers flowing into Lake Khanka, with only one outflow: Songacha River , which connects it with

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588-564: Is located at 32.79 degrees north latitude and 119.44 degrees east longitude. It belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. The hottest in July is around 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) while the coldest in January is about 1.7 °C (35.1 °F). The average annual temperature is 15.0 °C (59.0 °F). The wet-season is from mid June to July and the average annual rainfall is about 1,000 mm (39 in). The average annual relative humidity

637-503: Is the Songacha River . The maximum monthly mean temperature is 20 °C (68 °F) in July, while the minimum monthly mean temperature is −21 °C (−6 °F) in January. Rainfall mainly occurs in summer, with average annual precipitation of 500–650 mm annually. The residence time of Lake Khanka is 9.9 years. Popular Culture: The surveyors in the 1975 Akira Kurosawa film " Dersu Uzala " were sent to explore

686-518: Is under the jurisdiction of Gaoyou, about a third of the township residents are Hui Chinese. The name of Gaoyou comes from the building of Gaotai and Posting Pavilion during the reign of King Yingzheng of Qin dynasty. It is adjacent to Yangzhou in the south, to the Huai River in the north, to the canal and Gaoyou Lake in the west, and to the water network of the Lixia River in the east, and

735-580: The Atlas Rossicus was submitted for publication in Delisle's name. In History of Cartography , Leo Bagrow argues that "by rights [the atlas] should not bear his name," but Marie-Anne Chabin , an expert on Delisle's life and unpublished manuscripts, concludes: "Despite all, Joseph-Nicolas Delisle should be regarded as its main architect." Delisle is mostly known for the Delisle scale , a temperature scale he invented in 1732. The crater Delisle on

784-553: The Delisle scale , a temperature scale he invented in 1732. Joseph was born in Paris, one of the 11 sons of Claude Delisle (1644–1720). Like many of his brothers, among them Guillaume Delisle , he initially followed classical studies. Soon however, he moved to astronomy under the supervision of Joseph Lieutaud and Jacques Cassini . In 1714 he entered the French Academy of Sciences as pupil of Giacomo Filippo Maraldi . In

833-526: The Histoire Générale des Voyages , Delisle's ethnographic observations on the native peoples he encountered (the Votyaks , Ostyaks , Tartars , Voguls , and Chuvash ) include details of their religious beliefs, marital customs, means of subsistence, diet, and costume. It seems that Delisle even planned to write a general study of the peoples of Siberia. In Delisle's unpublished papers there

882-843: The Moon , and the asteroid 12742 Delisle are named after him. Gaoyou Gaoyou ( simplified Chinese : 高邮 ; traditional Chinese : 高郵 ; pinyin : Gāoyóu ), is a county-level city under the administration of Yangzhou , Jiangsu province, China, located in the Yangtze River Delta on the north side of the Yangtze River . Recent archaeological finds at the Longqiuzhuang site in Gaoyou has found evidence of rice growing dating back 5,500-7,000 years. Gaoyou ting (commune, 亭 ) located in this area

931-523: The Ussuri , and that in turn with the Amur River system. Lake Khanka is a shallow body of water, with an average depth of 4.5 metres (15 ft) and a prevailing depth of 1–3 metres (3.3–9.8 ft); the greatest depth is 10.6 m (35 ft). Its average volume is 18.3 km (4.4 cu mi), though it can fill up to 22.6 km (5.4 cu mi). The water in the lake is cloudy, which

980-500: The transits of Venus . His life changed radically in 1725 when he was called by the Russian czar Peter the Great to Saint Petersburg to create and run the school of astronomy. He arrived there only in 1726, after the death of the czar. He became quite rich and famous, to such an extent that when he returned to Paris in 1747, he built a new observatory in the palace of Cluny , later made famous by Charles Messier . Also he received

1029-703: The "pearl" often made an appearance around Fanliang in Yangzhou, the people there erected a "Pearl Pavilion" on a wayside, where people came by boat in hopes to see the mysterious flying object. Lake Khanka, the largest lake in Primorsky Krai , is located in the centre of the Khankan lowland on the border with the People's Republic of China in Heilongjiang Province . The northern part of the lake

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1078-646: The Earth from the Sun. He developed a map showing where on Earth this transit would be visible and thus where various observing stations should be located. Actual implementation of these observational efforts were hindered by the Seven Years' War . In 1763 he retired to the Abbey of St Genevieve, dying in Paris sometime in 1768. In 1740, Delisle undertook an expedition to Siberia with the object of observing from Beryozovo

1127-789: The Governments of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the establishment of an international Russian-Chinese nature reserve around the lake, from the Khankai Reserve in Russia and the Chinese Singkai-Hu Reserve. The wetlands of the Lake Khanka basin (Водно-болотные угодья озера Ханка, Vodno-bolotnye ugod'ya ozera Khanka ) represent a unique natural complex. The lowland of

1176-413: The Lake Khanka region. The lake is an important area for birds, and includes a number of endangered species. [REDACTED] Media related to Lake Khanka at Wikimedia Commons Joseph-Nicolas Delisle Joseph-Nicolas Delisle ( French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf nikɔla dəlil] ; 4 April 1688 – 11 September 1768) was a French astronomer and cartographer . Delisle is mostly known for

1225-543: The Prihanka and, in fact, the shores of the lake represent a fairly swampy terrain. So-called melt-plant communities, formed by various species of sedge and grass, form a solid turf covering the water mirror for many tens of square kilometers. Diverse ecosystems are represented, such as meadows (from marshy to steppe), meadow forest, forest-steppe and steppe plant communities. In the lake itself there are many species of fish and aquatic invertebrates, many of which are endemic. In

1274-519: The city of Yangzhou at night, but described first by local inhabitants of eastern Anhui and then in Jiangsu . Shen wrote that a man near Xingkai Lake observed this curious object; allegedly it: ...opened its door and a flood of intense light like sunbeams darted out of it, then the outer shell opened up, appearing as large as a bed with a big pearl the size of a fist illuminating the interior in silvery white. The intense silver-white light, shot from

1323-565: The cohesion of the Yuan army. At that time, it was one of the 46 important mail posts along the Grand Canal between Beijing and Nanjing . It was in use until the 1911 Revolution . On 2 October 1939, the Japanese army captured the walled city. Three months after Japan's unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945, Gaoyou Japanese and fake troops, surrounded by the military and civilians in

1372-685: The first fourteen regional maps of an intended series of 120. The edition was abandoned after Kirilov's death in 1737. It was not until 1745 that the Academy in Saint Petersburg finally published a complete Atlas Rossicus , in Latin and Cyrillic script, consisting of a general map and 29 regional maps ( Атлас Российской/Atlas Rossicus , Petropoli, 1745–1746). Delisle worked on the atlas in the 1730s, but his extreme scientific rigour considerably slowed its progress. For this reason, in 1740, while he

1421-519: The infamous Wu Sangui . A total of about 200,000 people drowned in their sleep in Gaoyou alone due to the devastating flooding of 1931 . Gaoyou was the most badly affected place during the floods. More than 30,000 people starved to death in Gaoyou county during the great famine, of which more than 10,000 were children. At present, Gaoyou City has 2 subdistricts, 10 towns and 1 ethnic township. -7 Former Towns are merged to other. The sole ethnic township of Jiangsu, Lingtang Hui Ethnic township,

1470-441: The interior, was too strong for human eyes to behold; it cast shadows of every tree within a radius of ten miles. The spectacle was like the rising Sun, lighting up the distant sky and woods in red. Then all of a sudden, the object took off at a tremendous speed and descended upon the lake like the Sun setting. Shen went on to say that Yibo, a poet of Gaoyou , wrote a poem about this "pearl" after witnessing it. Shen wrote that since

1519-414: The lake and its surroundings. It was thirty-four years later, in 1902, that the explorer Vladimir Arsenyev made his first expedition to the area. In Shen Kuo 's Dream Pool Essays , a passage called "Strange Happenings" contains a peculiar account of an unidentified flying object . Shen wrote that, during the reign of Emperor Renzong (1022–1063), an object as bright as a pearl occasionally hovered over

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1568-505: The lake there live 52 species of fish, among them such as carp , perch , silver carp , catfish , and snakehead . A variety of birds nest and stop on the lake or its banks. The lake's drainage basin covers an area of 16,890 km (6,520 sq mi), of which 97% is in Russian territory. It is fed by 23 rivers (8 in China and 15 in Russia), but the only outflow of the lake

1617-627: The liberated areas, resisted and refused to lay down their arms. At this time, there were two brigades and one artillery squadron of the 90th Independent Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army stationed in Gaoyou city, with more than 1,100 men, as well as the 42nd Division of the False Second Front Army and the False County Security Brigade and Police Brigade with more than 5,000 men. In order to crush

1666-402: The maps, with the former favouring the establishment of a network of astronomically determined points, a very time-consuming process, and the latter arguing for surveying based on geographical features as reference points, subsequently to be adjusted to the astronomically determined points. Using his own methods, but consulting Delisle for expert advice, Kirilov published in 1734 a general map and

1715-552: The name of the lake: "In the Liao Dynasty, Khanka Lake was called Beitsin-hai , but it is now known as Khanka , Khinkai and Sinkai-hu , meaning "Lake of Prosperity". It must be assumed that the name Khanka originated from another word, namely khanhai , meaning "hollow" - a name by which the Chinese call every low place...Subsequently, the Russians must have changed this word to its current form of Khanka . " Lake Khanka

1764-819: The next year he discovered the Arago spot a century before Arago . Though he was a good scientist and member of a wealthy family he did not have much money. In 1712, he set up an observatory at the Luxembourg Palace and after three years moved to the Hotel de Taranne. From 1719 to 1722 he was employed at the Royal observatory, before returning to his observatory at the Luxembourg Palace. In 1724 he met Edmond Halley in London and, among other things, discussed

1813-758: The plot of the Kuomintang army to collude with the Japanese and fake troops in Gaoyou to divide and attack the Central China Liberation Area, the Central Military Commission agreed on December 5 to launch the Battle of Gaoyou and seize Gaoyou City. The Battle of Gaoyou destroyed more than 1,100 Japanese troops, including 892 prisoners; destroyed more than 4,000 pseudo-army, including 3,493 prisoners; captured more than 80 artillery pieces and 6,000 guns. The Battle of Gaoyou

1862-534: The river Usuri . On an 18th-century map showing the "Irkutsk governorate with the adjacent islands and the western coast of America", the river issuing from Lake Hinka is named as the Usuri . On the 1860 map attached to the Convention of Peking , two lakes are shown: the larger Oz. Khankai (Russian: "Lake Khankai"), with Khankai glossed as signifying "quiet", (but given without a Manchu transliteration), and

1911-569: The second batch of 100 national anti-war memorial facilities and sites. The profound history and culture of Gaoyou fostered Qin Shaoyou , the well-known poet in the Song dynasty , Wang Nianshun and Wang Yinzhi (father and son), the celebrated classics interpreters in the Qing dynasty , Sun Yunzhu , the modern paleontologist and Wang Zengqi , the contemporary writer. Gaoyou is also the hometown of

1960-413: The smaller Oz. Dobiku (Russian: "Lake Dobiku") - given with a Manchu transliteration of Dobiku . From the big lake is shown flowing a river, labelled with the Russian names Uzhu and Sungachan , with the second of these names being glossed with a Manchu transliteration. On the 1861 map made by 'M. Popov' (= rear-admiral Andrei Alexandrovich Popov ?), the larger lake is given the name Kengka , while

2009-685: The smaller is called Ai'-Kengka - to which name is added (in brackets) the further name Siauhu (which can be understood as a transcription of the Chinese Xiaohu , that is, "Small Lake"). On the 1864 map by A.F. Budishchev, a captain in the Corps of Foresters , the lake is named as Khinkai ( Singkai ). On the ethnographic map of Shrenk the abbreviated Russian names Oz. Khanka and Oz. Mal. Khanka ("Lake Khanka" and "Little / Lesser Lake Khanka") are used. Explorer, traveler, naturalist and writer Vladimir Arsenyev (1872–1930) wrote, concerning

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2058-555: The title of Astronomer from the Academy. In Russia he prepared the map of the known North Pacific that was used by Vitus Bering . He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1725 and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1749. In 1760 he proposed that the international scientific community co-ordinate observations of the 1761 Transit of Venus to determine the absolute distance of

2107-660: The transit of Mercury across the sun. An account of the expedition is given in Volume 72 of the L'Histoire générale des voyages (1768). Delisle and his party set out from St. Petersburg on 28 February 1740, arriving in Beryozovo, on the bank of the River Ob , on 9 April, having travelled via Moscow, the Volga , and Tyumen . On 22 April, the date of the transit of Mercury , the sun was obscured by clouds, however, and so Delisle

2156-408: Was absent from the capital, undertaking his expedition to Siberia, Delisle was officially dismissed from the supervisory board in charge of the atlas. Schumacher, the secretary of the Academy, even went so far as to accuse him of sending secret documents to France. Increasingly isolated at court, Delisle requested permission to leave Russia in 1743, which was granted four years later. In the meantime,

2205-404: Was an indefatigable collector and during his Siberian expedition he took every opportunity to add to his " cabinet de curiosité ", bringing back with him not only copies of manuscripts and mammoth bones like those he had seen in Tobolsk, but also "objets hétéroclites," which included items of Ostyak costume, a Samoyed quiver , a bark bucket, rare stones, and Tobolsk porcelain ware. The plan for

2254-422: Was dependent on its agriculture and aquaculture sections financially. Primary agricultural products include rapeseed, rice, wheat, poultry and eggs. A variety of aquatic products contain fish, crab and shrimp. The environment in this county has been well protected by the government. The local government has closed many factories in order to protect the lakes. Gaoyou is famous for its salted duck eggs . The city

2303-504: Was established in Qin dynasty. Then Gaoyou county whose seat was the former commune was established in BC 118. In 1353, Zhang Shicheng revolted and captured the walled city of Gaoyou. In the next year, Zhang established Kingdom of Dazhou, while Gaoyou functioned as its temporary capital until 1356. Later, the city withstood the siege led by Toqto'a , since the complicated politics severely reduced

2352-656: Was the last battle of the New Fourth Army against the Japanese invasion of China, and the last battle against the Japanese in Central China, ending with the surrender of the Japanese and the complete victory of the New Fourth Army. On 19 January 1949, the CPC controlled the walled city. The former site where the invading Japanese army surrendered to the New Fourth Army has been announced by the State Council as

2401-567: Was unable to make any astronomical observations. Delisle arrived back in St. Petersburg on 29 December 1740, having sojourned in Tobolsk and Moscow en route. Throughout the expedition, Delisle recorded numerous ornithological, botanical, zoological (e.g. the Siberian beaver ), geographical, and other scientific observations. In the "Extrait d'un voyage fait en 1740 à Beresow en Sibérie" published in

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