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40-574: Being a quite narrow and shallow lake, Mälaren has bridge crossings between Eskilstuna and Västerås with two crossings on the western end at Kvicksund and three separate bridges between Strängnäs and Enköping in the central part of the lake. On the eastern end, the entirety of Ekerö Municipality is set on islands within Mälaren. That urban area also has a bridge connection to the mainland in Stockholm along with bridges between various islands in

80-470: A Southern Swedish climate. Unlike the coastal part of the Sörmlandic region, Eskilstuna has higher diurnal temperature variation and stronger waves of either heat or cold. With regards to daytime maximum and minimum temperatures, the weather station has been operated since 1961 with a total of three breaks of 2-3 years apiece in between 1984 and 2008. As of December 31, 2019, Eskilstuna Municipality has

120-416: A blue-grey bill with gold-yellow eyes, along with a thin crest on the back of its head. It has an obvious head tuft that gives the species its name. The adult female is brown with paler flanks, and is more easily confused with other diving ducks. In particular, some have white around the bill base which resembles the scaup species, although the white is never as extensive as in those ducks . The females' call

160-487: A faster growth rate and predate on local species. However, they are not considered to have made a significant impact. Crayfish are of large cultural and economic importance in Sweden, with crayfish parties being a longtime annual tradition for many Swedes. Lake Mälaren was the first lake in Sweden to be affected by the crayfish plague ( A. astaci Schicora ) when infected crayfish imported from Finland were introduced to

200-608: A large Sweden Finn population. The town is located on the River Eskilstunaån , which connects Lake Hjälmaren and Lake Mälaren . Eskilstuna's history dates back to medieval times when English monk Saint Eskil made "Tuna" his base and diocese of the South coast of Lake Mälaren . Saint Eskil was stoned to death by the pagan vikings of neighbouring town Strängnäs , 30 kilometres (19 miles) east of Eskilstuna, when he tried to convert them to Christianity . Saint Eskil

240-631: A population of 106,859 people, making it the 15th largest municipality in Sweden. The handball club Eskilstuna Guif plays in the national top division. They have reached the Swedish Championship final four times (1997, 2001, 2009 and 2011), but lost on each occasion. Eskilstuna is also home to EFK (Eskilstuna Flygklubb), Sweden's largest glider Flying Club which hosted the World Gliding Championships in 2006. Eskilstuna has had three men's football teams playing in

280-483: A population of close to one million birds, found in northern Eurasia. They are partially migratory. The scientific name is derived from Ancient Greek aithuia , an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle , and Latin fuligo 'soot' and gula 'throat'. It is a game bird . The tufted duck was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in

320-578: A problem due to greater public demand for the larger signal crayfish. From the mid 17th century onwards, multiple expeditions to measure and map L. Mälaren were undertaken. The lake was strategically and economically important, and there was a lack of a reliable map to navigate it. However, L. Mälaren’s many islands and bays made it an extensive and laborious task to measure. In 1687, King Charles XI of Sweden commissioned cartographer Carl Gripenhielm to map Lake Mälaren and its surrounding provinces. From 2 August 1688 to 17 September 1688 Gripenhielm conducted

360-571: A significant decrease in noble crayfish populations in L. Mälaren. Signal crayfish have been largely successful in Sweden and rapidly expanded as a replacement population to noble crayfish. Stocking this species is now prohibited within multiple lakes in Sweden in order to protect noble crayfish population. In the Stockholm municipality, which includes L. Mälaren, signal crayfish are now illegal to import, move, or farm. There have been efforts to encourage farming of noble crayfish populations instead. However, illegal farming of signal crayfish continues to be

400-553: Is a harsh, growling "karr", mostly given in flight. The males are mostly silent but they make whistles during courtship based on a simple "wit-oo". The only ducks which are similar are the greater scaup and lesser scaup , but these species have no tuft and a different call. The tufted duck is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds ( AEWA ) applies. Refer to

440-466: Is served by the Mälartåg railway line between Stockholm and Arboga . via Strängnäs European route E20 passes the city. The city has an airport , 13 km (8 mi) east of the centre. Eskilstuna is a member city of Eurotowns network . Tufted duck Anas fuligula Linnaeus, 1758 The tufted duck (or tufted pochard ) ( Aythya fuligula ) is a small diving duck with

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480-516: The 2016–17 UEFA Women's Champions League . The speedway team in Eskilstuna, Smederna , competes in the highest speedway league in Sweden, Elitserien and race its home matches at Smedstadion outside Eskilstuna. They formerly raced at the Snälltorpet track before it was sold for housing in 2001. In eSports , Eskilstuna is home to CS:GO player Maikelele . The stadium Tunavallen

520-465: The National Library of Sweden since 1884. Due to its larger size, it was initially hung in the large viewing room, however in 1931 it was moved to a more secluded wall in a corridor to the map department. Heavy handed preservation techniques have led to some degradation on the illustrations. Since 1961, the map hangs in an area that the public does not have access to. Gripenheim’s Mälarkarta

560-471: The tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Anas fuligula . He cited the Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner who in 1555 had used the identical name Anas fuligula in his Historiae animalium . Linnaeus specified the type locality as Europe but in 1761 restricted it to Sweden. The tufted duck is now one of 12 species placed in the genus Aythya that was introduced in 1822 by

600-427: The 1320s and meaning gravel . The lake was previously known as Lǫgrinn , which is Old Norse for 'The Lake'. By the end of the last ice age about 11,000 years ago, much of northern Europe and North America was covered by ice sheets up to 3 km (1.9 mi) thick. At the end of the ice age when the glaciers retreated, the removal of the weight from the depressed land led to a post-glacial rebound . Initially

640-486: The German naturalist Friedrich Boie . The genus name is from Ancient Greek aithuia , an unidentified seabird mentioned by Aristotle , Hesychius and other authors. The specific epithet fuligula combines Latin meaning "soot" and gula meaning "throat". The species is monotypic : no subspecies are recognised. An alternative common name is "tufted pochard". The adult male is all black except for white flanks and

680-537: The Mälaren area. Since 1994 a subspecies of great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis , has nested there as well. A 2005 survey tallied 23 breeding colonies with 2178 nests, of which the largest colony had 235 nests. Most experts believe the great cormorant population has peaked and will stabilize at around 2000 nests. One of the characteristic species is the osprey which has one of its strongest presences in Lake Mälaren. The osprey nests in almost all bays of

720-419: The bulk of his expedition, and he would complete the map in 1689, known in Swedish as Gripenhielm's Mälarkarta . The Mälarkarta is unique in that it is surrounded by a frame of 96 small, realistic gouache paintings of cities, castles, mansions, and fairways around Lake Mälaren. The map is hand drawn on regal paper, and measures 3.46 m × 2.14 m (11.4 ft × 7.0 ft). It has been kept in

760-516: The city also produced superior carpentry and wood carving chisels , cutlery , scissors , keys , machine tools and precision instruments. As a tribute to the steel industry, the figure of a steel worker is included in the city's coat of arms. Eskilstuna is sometimes called The Sheffield of Sweden . Both cities at their peak were home to numerous steel production companies. Eskilstuna remains an important industrial city with internationally known companies such as Volvo Wheel loaders, main site for

800-412: The end of July. They are not colonial but sometimes the nests can be in a loose group. Most nests are placed beside water; an island site is preferred. The nest is built by the female and consists of depression in the ground that is lined with grass, reeds and down. The clutch consists of 8–11 greenish-grey eggs that measure 59 mm × 41 mm (2.3 in × 1.6 in). They are incubated by

840-582: The end of deglaciation can be up to 400 m (1,312 ft). In the Viking Age , Mälaren was still a bay of the Baltic Sea , and seagoing vessels could sail up it far into the interior of Sweden. Birka was conveniently near the trade routes through the Södertälje Canal . Due to the post-glacial rebound, Södertälje canal and the mouth of Riddarfjärden bay had become so shallow by about

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880-548: The female starting after the clutch is complete so that they hatch synchronously. The female covers the eggs with down when she is away from the nest. The eggs hatch after around 25 days (range 23–28 days). The young are precocial and nidifugous . They can feed themselves and are cared for by the female who broods them when they are small. They typically fledge when aged between 45 and 50 days. Tufted ducks usually first breed at one year but occasionally at 2 years. These birds feed mainly by diving, but they will sometimes upend from

920-547: The following table for measurements of the tufted duck: The tufted duck breeds throughout temperate and northern Eurasia . It occasionally can be found as a winter visitor along both coasts of the United States and Canada . It is believed to have expanded its traditional range with the increased availability of open water due to gravel extraction, and the spread of freshwater mussels , a favourite food. These ducks are migratory in most of their range, and overwinter in

960-507: The forges were small arms and artillery . It was a free town from 1771, where manufacturers and craftsmen were allowed to establish tax-free workshops and factories. The town was merged with the rest of Eskilstuna in 1879. The city grew enormously during the Industrial Revolution and became one of the most important industrial cities of Sweden, earning the nickname "Stålstaden" ("The City of Steel "). Aside from firearms,

1000-520: The heavy construction equipment division of Volvo, Assa (locks, keys), and Stainless steel manufacturer Outokumpu , Thin Strip Nyby in Torshälla. Mälardalen University ( Mälardalens högskola ), founded in cooperation with the neighboring city of Västerås , has a campus in the city. The city also has a combined zoo and amusement park - Parken Zoo. The hospital, Mälarsjukhuset is one of

1040-543: The highest tier Allsvenskan ; IFK Eskilstuna have played fourteen seasons in Allsvenskan, AFC Eskilstuna two seasons, and Eskilstuna City one season. The women's football team, Eskilstuna United DFF , play in the Elitettan , the second tier of women's football in Sweden, and spent nine seasons in the highest tier Damallsvenskan between 2014 and 2022. They finished as runners-up in 2015 , making them qualify for

1080-876: The lake correspond to the headlands in Zealand"; since modern maps show this to be more true of Lake Vänern , the myth has been suggested to have been originally about Vänern, not Mälaren. A selection, in alphabetical order: The most common nesting birds on the skerries of Mälaren are also the most common in the Baltic Sea. After a survey in 2005, the ten most common species were found to be common tern , herring gull , black-headed gull , common gull , mallard , tufted duck , Canada goose , common goldeneye , lesser black-backed gull and common sandpiper . White-tailed eagle , greylag goose , barnacle goose , black-throated diver , red-breasted merganser and gadwall are less common, and some of these latter are endangered in

1120-420: The lake with the intention of human consumption. The plague spread quickly through the lake, exacerbated by boat traffic, which decimated the indigenous noble crayfish ( A. astacus ) population and caused severe economic losses to the local fishing industry. From Mälaren, the plague spread rapidly to all freshwater bodies in Sweden. After multiple recurrent outbreaks and failed attempts to restore populations of

1160-452: The lake. The Zebra mussel is considered an invasive species and is causing some problems in Lake Mälaren. Lake Mälaren has 33 species of naturally occurring fish species, which makes it Sweden’s most diverse lake in regard to fish. Other species have been introduced to the environment, including the common carp and the rainbow trout. The rainbow trout in particular is known to compete with indigenous fish for habitat and food, as they have

1200-448: The largest in the region, employing around 3000 people. Starting in 2012 the town has been pivoting towards a green economy , including biogas -powered public transit and cogeneration plants, seven-colored recycling bins (compared to the standard Swedish five), and a recycling center with an attached second-hand mall . Eskilstuna has a climate transitioning between continental and maritime with vast seasonal differences for

1240-518: The milder south and west of Europe , southern Asia and all year in the British Isles . One individual has been reported as far south as Melbourne , Australia . They form large flocks on open water in winter. Their breeding habitat is close to marshes and lakes with plenty of vegetation to conceal the nest. They are also found on coastal lagoons , shorelines and sheltered ponds. In northern Europe breeding takes place between mid May and

Mälaren - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-505: The municipality. The Viking Age settlements Birka on the island of Björkö and Hovgården on the neighbouring island Adelsö have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993, as has Drottningholm Palace on the island of Lovön . The barrow of Björn Ironside is on the island of Munsö, within the lake. The etymological origin of the name Mälaren stems from the Old Norse word mælir appearing in historical records in

1320-660: The noble crayfish, Swedish authorities introduced the North American signal crayfish ( P. leniusculus) to L. Mälaren, a species that is resistant to the plague. Since 1969, Mälaren has been continuously stocked with signal crayfish. However, it was later discovered that signal crayfish were often carriers of crayfish plague. In addition, while populations of noble crayfish and signal crayfish have been known coexist, their larger size, faster growth rate, and aggressiveness often allows them to dominate populations of noble crayfish. This, in addition to habitat degradation, has led to

1360-489: The rebound was rapid, proceeding at about 7.5 cm (2.95 in) per year. This phase lasted for about 2,000 years, and took place as the ice was being unloaded. Once deglaciation was complete, uplift slowed to about 2.5 cm (1.0 in) per year, and decreased exponentially after that. Today, typical uplift rates are of the order of 1 cm (0.39 in) per year or less, and studies suggest that rebound will continue for about another 10,000 years. The total uplift from

1400-430: The thirteenth-century Icelandic work Prose Edda , the lake was created by the goddess Gefjon when she tricked Gylfi , the Swedish king of Gylfaginning . Gylfi promised Gefjon as much land as four oxen could plough in a day and a night, but she used oxen from the land of the giants, and moreover uprooted the land and dragged it into the sea, where it became the island of Zealand . Snorra Edda says that "the inlets in

1440-469: The town of Eskilstuna did not receive municipal privileges due to its proximity to the medieval city of Torshälla . The city's first city privileges were granted in 1659, and its boundaries included Tunafors and the newly founded town of Karl Gustavs Stad ("City of Karl Gustav"), located on the west side of the river. Karl Gustavs Stad was built around the iron forges of master smith Reinhold Rademacher, encouraged by King Karl X Gustav. The first products of

1480-436: The year 1200 that ships had to unload their cargoes near the entrances, and progressively the bay became a lake. The decline of Birka and the subsequent foundation of Stockholm at the choke point of Riddarfjärden were in part due to the post-glacial rebound changing the topography of the Mälaren basin. The lake's surface currently averages .7 m (2.3 ft) above sea level . According to Norse mythology as contained in

1520-488: Was a venue for the 1958 FIFA World Cup , hosting one match between Paraguay and Yugoslavia . It has also been used for several practice games for the Swedish National Youth Teams. Sports clubs using Tunavallen include AFC Eskilstuna , Eskilstuna United DFF , Eskilstuna City FK and IFK Eskilstuna . Eskilstuna Södra FF are based at Skogsängens IP and BK Sport is based at Ekängen. Eskilstuna

1560-529: Was buried in his monastery church in Tuna. The monastery of Saint Eskil was completely destroyed by Swedish king Gustav Vasa during the Protestant Reformation and was replaced with the royal castle of Eskilstuna House . Later the pagan city of Strängnäs was Christianised and was given the privilege of becoming diocese of South Lake Mälaren, and "Eskil" was combined with "Tuna", although

1600-480: Was valid until 1739 when a new, more accurate map of L. Mälaren was completed by the then surveyor and cartographer Jacob Nordencreutz . Eskilstuna Eskilstuna ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɛ̂sːkɪlsˌtʉːna] ) is a city and the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality , Södermanland County , Sweden . The city of Eskilstuna had 69,948 inhabitants in 2020, with a total population of 107,806 inhabitants in Eskilstuna municipality 2023. Eskilstuna has

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