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23-639: The Manas Lake used to be known as the Yihehake Lake ( Chinese : 伊赫哈克湖 ; pinyin : Yīhèhākè hú ) in the past. Notionally, Lake Manas is considered the end point of the Manas River , flowing from the Tian Shan mountains. In practice, however, the river bed is usually dry where it reaches the lake ( 45°41′00″N 85°44′00″E  /  45.68333°N 85.73333°E  / 45.68333; 85.73333 ), and little river water reaches

46-511: Is also home to Shihezi University , the second-largest comprehensive university under the Project 211 in Xinjiang. Shihezi is the headquarter of the 8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and currently administered by the 8th Division. The city implemented the "division and city integration" ( 师市合一 , shī shì héyī ) management system, it shares the same leader group with

69-483: Is not a part of it. Located in an area further from the nearest seacoast than any other region on earth, Shihezi has a continental semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ), with a large temperature differences between summer and winter. Monthly average temperatures range from −15.3 °C (4.5 °F) in January to 25.3 °C (77.5 °F), and the annual mean temperature is 7.39 °C (45.3 °F). Precipitation

92-431: Is the primary employer, although the international trade environment on textiles has brought in fluctuations in employment. As a hub to surrounding farms, the city's destiny is currently tied with theirs. Sugar beets are cultivated near Shihezi. Cultivation of cotton in the farms was accelerated in the 1990s and now dominates the economy. Shihezi is also home to a polysilicon factory of Daqo New Energy Corp., one of

115-468: Is very low year-round, with an annual total of only 206 millimeters (8.11 in), compared to the annual evaporation rate, which is usually more than 1,000 millimeters (39 in). The Manas River forms the administrative border between Shihezi City and its eastern neighbor, Manas County . An extensive system of reservoirs (such as the Jiahezi Reservoir ( 夹河子水库 ; Jiāhézi shuǐkù , with

138-696: The 21st century, it went through the cycle of shrinking, drying up, recovering, or existing as an intermittent lake . According to the research by Chinese geologists, area occupied by today's Manas Lake was in the past part of a much large lake, the Old Manas Lake , which exited in the northwestern part of the Dzungarian Basin. It is believed that the Old Manas Lake was formed in the Early Pleistocene and existed throughout

161-531: The 8th Division. In 1951, General Wang Zhen decided to build a new base for the People's Liberation Army and selected the location of current Shihezi. Zhao Xiguang (赵锡光) took charge in the development of the city, and established the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 1954. Quasimilitary-structured farms surrounding Shihezi fueled the development of the city by producing materials for

184-795: The Early Quaternary . Due to tectonic movements in the Middle Quaternary , many important rivers that used to flow to the Old Manas Lake started flowing elsewhere. The Irtysh now flows toward the Arctic Ocean , and the Ulungur River ends in the Ulungur Lake ; the Maqiao River, south of Lake Manas, does not reach it either. Study of the old alluvial fans and lacustrine terraces seems to indicate that

207-744: The Manas, also the waters of the Hutubi River ( 呼图壁河 ) and Santun River ( 三屯河 ). These two rivers flow from the Tian Shan into the Dzungarian Basin in Hutubi and Changji Counties; nowadays, they disappear in the desert a long distance away from the Manas Lake, but in the period under consideration they would merge and reach the Alan Nur. Even though the Manas River flowed into the Alan Nur,

230-607: The Old Manas Lake's level was at about 280 meters above the sea level . As the Old Manas Lake lost most of its water sources, its water level dropped in the Late Quaternary, and it split into several lakes including the Manas Lake, the Ailik Lake (which presently is the end point of the Baiyang River ), and the Alan Nur. According to the early 20th century maps, a large lake in the region of today's Manas Lake

253-557: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.150 via cp1114 cp1114, Varnish XID 912453364 Upstream caches: cp1114 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:44:04 GMT Shihezi Shihezi is a sub-prefecture-level city in Northern Xinjiang , China. It has a population of 380,130 according to the 2010 census. The city

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276-547: The dam at 44°27′00″N 86°7′15″E  /  44.45000°N 86.12083°E  / 44.45000; 86.12083 ) and irrigation canals has been constructed in the area, supporting irrigated agriculture. Shihezi University is located in Shihezi. It is the second-largest university in Xinjiang, with approximately 40,000 students. Shihezi is served by China National Highway 312 , the Northern Xinjiang and

299-432: The district, and even less reached the Manas Lake, let alone the Alan Nur. Consequently, the Alan Nur, whose water surface still occupied the area of 238 square kilometres (92 sq mi) in the 1950s, had completely dried up by the 1960s. Now it is a bare plain of saline soil, at the elevation of 261–263 m above the sea level. The Manas Lake is now reached by the waters of the eponymous river only intermittently, but

322-428: The factories that have been the economic drivers of the city. In 1974, Shihezi became a city. Shihezi contains 5 subdistricts , 2 towns , and a township-equivalent region: Nowadays textile and food industries are the most important in Shihezi. The railway to Wusu and Ürümqi skirts the city, while a United Nations economic development project provided a high-quality highway system for the city. The textile industry

345-466: The lake also receives water from seasonal streams flowing from the Saur Mountains at the northern edge of the Dzungarian Basin; besides, it is fed by ground water. The Manas Lake's bed is at about 247 m above the level, and its water surface, at 253–255 m above the level. According to Chinese researchers, the recent history of the Manas Lake and its neighbors can be divided into two stages. From

368-486: The lake now known as the Manas Lake existed as well; it was fed primarily by streams coming from the northern rim of the Zhungarian Basin (i.e., from the Saur Mountains ); this is indicated by old alluvial fans still existing at the pertinent locations. It is believed that due to tectonic movements in the early 20th century, the earth surface around Alan Nur was rising and around Manas Lake, lowering; besides,

391-413: The lake. The Manas Lake area is characterized by arid climate with hot summers; the average annual precipitation of merely 63.7 millimetres (2.51 in), as compared to the average annual evaporation of 3,110.5 millimetres (122.46 in); which means that without an inflow of water from outside, the lake's water level can drop very quickly. Over the second half of the 20th century and the early years of

414-522: The largest polysilicon producers in the world. Shihezi is located at the northern foothills of the middle part of the Tian Shan range approximately 136 kilometres (85 mi) from the regional capital of Ürümqi . Although Shihezi is almost surrounded on the east, west and north by the Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture (which also includes the city's eastern neighbor, the much older historically Hui town of Manas ), it

437-850: The late 1950s and until 1999 (for the Manas Lake and the Alan Nur) or 2001 (for the Ailik and the Lesser Ailik), the lakes were shrinking or drying up. Since 1999 (for the Manas and the Alan Nur) or 2001 (the two Ailiks), the lakes have entered the stage of at least partial recovery, which (especially for the Ailiks) is related to the arrival of the Irtysh water into the Baiyang River over the Irtysh–Karamay Canal . Simplified Chinese characters Too Many Requests If you report this error to

460-442: The lower course of the Manas River was silting up with the sediment brought by the river. As a result, in 1915 the main stream of the Manas River changed its course, now flowing to the Manas Lake; however, a small branch feeding into the Alan Nur remained. (One can see the bifurcation point of the now-dry river beds at 45°38′45″N 85°27′01″E  /  45.64583°N 85.45028°E  / 45.64583; 85.45028 , with

483-447: The main channel going to the north-east and entering the Manas Lake around 45°43′20″N 85°39′20″E  /  45.72222°N 85.65556°E  / 45.72222; 85.65556 , while the old channel enters the former Alan Nur at 45°40′00″N 85°24′10″E  /  45.66667°N 85.40278°E  / 45.66667; 85.40278 .) In the 1950s and early 1960s, large scale development of irrigated agriculture started in

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506-528: The upper and middle reaches of the Manas River (the Shihezi / Manas County region, the area where the river leaves the Tian Shan and enters the Zhungarian Basin). The Manas River Irrigation District had been fully in that area by 1962; the system was designed to use up to 1.36 cubic kilometres (0.33 cu mi) of water per year. As a result, little water flowed in the Manas River downstream of

529-477: Was the Alan Nur ( Chinese : 阿雅尔诺尔 ; pinyin : Āyǎ'ěr Nuò'ěr , or ( Chinese : 艾兰诺尔 ; pinyin : Àilán Nuò'ěr , located to the west of today's Manas Lake ( 45°42′00″N 85°23′00″E  /  45.70000°N 85.38333°E  / 45.70000; 85.38333 ); that was the lake into which the Manas River flowed. Earlier (in 18th-19th centuries) the Alan Nur would receive, besides

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