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37-484: The cathedral-like building seats 1200 people in the hall and 124 in the organ gallery. In the Gesamtkunstwerk spirit Aalto also designed silverware, antependiums , altar cloths and two stained glass paintings for the church. The cross-shaped bell tower from which the church gets its name is 65 meters high and a local landmark. A parish center by Aalto, consisting of white one-storey and two-storey buildings,

74-543: A Gesamtkunstwerk . 'Towards the Merz Gesamtkunstwerk' was a University of Oregon graduate seminar that explored themes of Dadaism and Gesamtkunstwerk , especially Kurt Schwitter's legendary Merzbau. They cite Richard Huelsenbeck in his German Dada Manifesto: 'Life appears as a simultaneous confusion of noises, colours and spiritual rhythms, and is thus incorporated — with all the sensational screams and feverish excitements of its audacious everyday psyche and

111-441: A common purpose. Wagner's own opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen , specifically its components Das Rheingold and Die Walküre , represent perhaps the closest he, or anyone else, came to realizing these ideals. After this stage, Wagner came to relax his own strictures and write more conventionally 'operatically'. William Morris (1834–1896), a British textile designer, poet, novelist, translator, and socialist activist,

148-469: A specific philosophy of art. Wagner, who recognised the reforms of Gluck and admired the works of Weber, originally wished to consolidate his view as part of his radical social and political views of the late 1840s. Previous to Wagner, others had expressed ideas about union of the arts, which was a familiar topic among German Romantics , as evidenced by the title of Trahndorff's essay, 'Aesthetics, or Theory of Philosophy of Art'. Others who wrote on syntheses of

185-410: A translation of Minnelieder aus der schwäbischen Vorzeit , then between 1799 and 1804 an excellent version of Don Quixote , and in 1811 two volumes of Elizabethan dramas, Altenglisches Theater . From 1812 to 1817 he collected in three volumes a number of his earlier stories and dramas, under the title Phantasus . In this collection appeared the stories Der Runenberg , Die Elfen , Der Pokal , and

222-479: A wide popularity. Notable among these are "Die Gemälde", "Die Reisenden", "Die Verlobung", and "Des Lebens Überfluss". More ambitious and on a wider canvas are the historical or semi-historical novels Dichterleben (1826), Der Aufruhr in den Cevennen (1826, unfinished), and Der Tod des Dichters (1834). Der junge Tischlermeister (1836; but begun in 1811) is a work written under the influence of Goethe 's Wilhelm Meister . His story of Vittoria Accorombona (1840)

259-657: Is a major example, as well as the Blackwell House in the English Lake District , designed by Baillie Scott . Blackwell House was built in 1898–1900, as a holiday home for Sir Edward Holt, a wealthy Manchester brewer. It is situated near the town of Bowness-on-Windermere with views looking over Windermere and across to the Coniston Fells. Some architectural writers have used the term Gesamtkunstwerk to signify circumstances where an architect

296-470: Is an example by famed Modernist architect Le Corbusier . The Villa Cavrois mansion in France is another example of modernist Gesamtkunstwerk , designed by French architect Robert Mallet-Stevens . The album Gesamtkunstwerk was released by Detroit, electro band Dopplereffekt in 1999 on International Deejay Gigolos The multi-media style pioneered by Dadaists such as Hugo Ball has also been called

333-702: Is responsible for the design and/or overseeing of the building's totality: shell, accessories, furnishings, and landscape. It is difficult to make a claim for when the term Gesamtkunstwerk was first used to refer to a building and its contents (although the term itself was not used in this context until the late 20th century); already during the Renaissance, artists such as Michelangelo saw no strict division in their tasks between architecture, interior design, sculpture, painting and even engineering. Historian Robert L. Delevoy has argued that Art Nouveau represented an essentially decorative trend that thus lent itself to

370-1247: Is restricted to his early period. In later years it was as the helpful friend and adviser of others, or as the well-read critic of wide sympathies, that Tieck distinguished himself. Tieck also influenced Richard Wagner 's Tannhäuser . It was from Phantasus that Wagner based the idea of Tannhäuser going to see the Pope and of Elisabeth dying in the song battle. German composer Wilhelmine Schwertzell (1787-1863) used Tieck’s text in her songs “Herbstlied” and “Aus Genoveva.” Tieck's Schriften appeared in twenty volumes (1828–1846), and his Gesammelte Novellen in twelve (1852–1854). Nachgelassene Schriften were published in two volumes in 1855. There are several editions of Ausgewählte Werke by H. Welti (8 vols., 1886–1888); by J. Minor (in Kirschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur , 144, 2 vols., 1885); by G. Klee (with an excellent biography, 3 vols., 1892), and G. Witkowski (4 vols., 1903) and Marianne Thalmann (4 vols., 1963–66). "The Enchanted Castle", "Auburn Egbert" and "Elfin-Land" were translated in Popular Tales and Romances of

407-553: The "comedy" in two parts, Kaiser Oktavianus . These dramas are typical plays of the first Romantic school. Although formless and destitute of dramatic qualities, they show the influence of both Calderón and Shakespeare. Kaiser Oktavianus is a poetic glorification of the Middle Ages . In 1801 Tieck went to Dresden , then lived for a time at Ziebingen near Frankfurt (Oder) , and spent many months in Italy. In 1803 he published

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444-405: The 20th century, some writers applied the term to some forms of architecture, while others applied it to film and mass media. Some elements of opera had begun seeking a more 'classical' formula at the end of the 18th century. After the lengthy domination of opera seria and the da capo aria , a movement began to advance the librettist and the composer in relation to the singers, and to return

481-518: The Future ', where he speaks of his ideal of unifying all works of art via the theatre. He also used in these essays many similar expressions such as 'the consummate artwork of the future' and 'the integrated drama', and frequently referred to 'Gesamtkunst'. Such a work of art was to be the clearest and most profound expression of folk legend. Wagner felt that the Greek tragedies of Aeschylus had been

518-868: The Northern Nations (1823). "The Fair-haired Eckbert", "The Trusty Eckart", "The Runenberg", "The Elves" and "The Goblet" were translated by Thomas Carlyle in German Romance (1827), "The Pictures" and "The Betrothal" by Bishop Thirlwall (1825). A translation of Vittoria Accorombona was published in 1845. "Des Lebens Überfluss" was translated anonymously as The Superfluities of Life. A Tale Abridged from Tieck in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine in February 1845, and again by E. N. Bennett as "Life's Luxuries" in German Short Stories in

555-530: The arts included Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , Ludwig Tieck and Novalis . Carl Maria von Weber 's enthusiastic review of E.T.A. Hoffmann 's opera Undine (1816) admired it as 'an art work complete in itself, in which partial contributions of the related and collaborating arts blend together, disappear, and, in disappearing, somehow form a new world'. Wagner used the exact term Gesamtkunstwerk (which he spelt 'Gesammtkunstwerk') on only two occasions, in his 1849 essays ' Art and Revolution ' and ' The Artwork of

592-586: The arts', 'comprehensive artwork', or 'all-embracing art form') is a work of art that makes use of all or many art forms or strives to do so. The term is a German loanword accepted in English as a term in aesthetics . The term was developed by the German writer and philosopher K. F. E. Trahndorff in his 1827 essay Ästhetik oder Lehre von Weltanschauung und Kunst (or 'Aesthetics, or Doctrine of Worldview and Art'). The German opera composer Richard Wagner used

629-422: The bookseller C. F. Nicolai and originally edited by J. K. A. Musäus . He also wrote Abdallah (1796) and a novel in letters, William Lovell (3 vols, 1795–96). Tieck's transition to Romanticism is seen in the series of plays and stories published under the title Volksmärchen von Peter Lebrecht (3 vols., 1797), a collection containing the fairy tale Der blonde Eckbert , which blends exploration of

666-781: The choice or design of table silver, china, and glassware. The form and ideology of Gesamtkunstwerk was regularly engaged with by the Art Nouveau artists and architects of the period. Belgians Victor Horta and Henry Van de Velde , Catalan Antoni Gaudí , French Hector Guimard , Scottish Charles Rennie Mackintosh , Austrian Josef Hoffmann , Russian-German Franz (Fyodor) Schechtel , Finn Eliel Saarinen , and many other architects also acted as furniture and interior designers. Many Art Nouveau masterpieces were results of cooperation of artists of different fields: The architectural movement of Modernism also saw architects implementing this principle of Gesamtkunstwerk . Centre Le Corbusier

703-673: The drama to a more intense and less moralistic focus. This movement, 'reform opera', is primarily associated with Christoph Willibald Gluck and Ranieri de' Calzabigi . The themes in the operas produced by Gluck's collaborations with Calzabigi continue throughout the operas of Carl Maria von Weber , until Wagner, rejecting both the Italian bel canto tradition and the French 'spectacle opera', developed his union of music, drama, theatrical effects, and occasionally dance. However, these trends had developed fortuitously, rather than in response to

740-642: The dramatic fairy tale Fortunat . In 1817 Tieck visited England in order to collect materials for a work on Shakespeare, which was never finished. In 1819 he settled permanently in Dresden, and from 1825 he was literary adviser to the Court Theatre. His semi-public readings from the dramatic poets gave him a reputation which extended far beyond the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony . The new series of short stories which he began to publish in 1822 also won him

777-538: The entirety of its brutal reality — unwaveringly into Dadaist art'. In 2011, Saatchi Gallery in London held Gesamtkunstwerk: New Art from Germany, a survey exhibition of 24 contemporary German artists. An exhibition entitled Utopia Gesamtkunstwerk , curated by Bettina Steinbrügge and Harald Krejci, took place from January to May 2012 at the 21er Haus in Belvedere, Vienna . It was a 'contemporary perspective of

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814-479: The finest (though still flawed) examples so far of total artistic synthesis, but that this synthesis had subsequently been corrupted by Euripides . Wagner felt that during the rest of human history up to the present day (i.e. 1850) the arts had drifted further and further apart, resulting in such 'monstrosities' as Grand Opera . Wagner felt that such works celebrated bravura singing, sensational stage effects, and meaningless plots. In 'Art and Revolution', Wagner applies

851-555: The following year settled in Jena , where he, the two brothers August and Friedrich Schlegel , and Novalis were the leaders of the early Romantic school (also known as Jena Romanticism ). His writings between 1798 and 1804 include the satirical drama, Prinz Zerbino (1799), and Romantische Dichtungen (2 vols., 1799–1800). The latter contains Tieck's most ambitious dramatic poems, Leben und Tod der heiligen Genoveva , Leben und Tod des kleinen Rotkäppchens , which were followed in 1804 by

888-487: The founding idea behind the company's vision and philosophy for urban development . [REDACTED] Category Ludwig Tieck Johann Ludwig Tieck ( / t iː k / ; German: [tiːk] ; 31 May 1773 – 28 April 1853) was a German poet, fiction writer, translator, and critic. He was one of the founding fathers of the Romantic movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Tieck

925-577: The historical idea of the total work of art' and included a display by Esther Stocker based on the idea of 'the untidy nursery', it housed works by Joseph Beuys , Monica Bonvicini , Christian Boltanski , Marcel Broodthaers , Daniel Buren , Heinz Emigholz , Valie Export , Claire Fontaine, gelatin, Isa Genzken , Liam Gillick , Thomas Hirschhorn , Ilya Kabakov , Martin Kippenberger , Gordon Matta-Clark , Paul McCarthy , Superflex , Franz West , and numerous others. An accompanying book exploring

962-467: The idea of the architectural Gesamtkunstwerk . Of course, it is equally possible it was born from social theories that arose out of a fear of the rise of industrialism. Nonetheless, evidence of complete interiors that typify the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk can be seen from some time before the 1890s. An increasing trend among architects in the 18th and 19th centuries was to control every facet of an architectural commission. As well as being responsible for

999-501: The paranoiac mind with the realm of the supernatural, and a witty dramatic satire on Berlin literary taste, Der gestiefelte Kater . With his school and college friend Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder (1773–1798), he planned the novel Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen (vols. i–ii. 1798) which, with Wackenroder's Herzensergiessungen (1796), was the first expression of the Romantic enthusiasm for old German art. In 1798 Tieck married and in

1036-442: The structure itself, they tried to extend their role to also include designing (or at least vetting) every aspect of the interior work. This included not only the interior architectural features but also the design of furniture, carpets, wallpaper, fabrics, light fixtures, and door-handles. Robert Adam and Augustus Welby Pugin are examples of this trend to create an overall harmonising effect which in some cases might even extend to

1073-432: The term Gesamtkunstwerk in the context of Greek tragedy. In 'The Art-Work of the Future', he uses it to apply to his own, as yet unrealized, ideal. In his extensive book Opera and Drama (completed in 1851), Wagner takes these ideas further, describing in detail his idea of the union of opera and drama (later called music drama despite Wagner's disapproval of the term), in which the individual arts are subordinated to

1110-536: The term in two 1849 essays, and the word has become particularly associated with his aesthetic ideals. It is unclear whether Wagner knew of Trahndorff's essay. In France in the 1850s, Viollet-le-Duc was a proponent of integrating major arts (architecture) and minor arts (decorative arts). This led to a fierce combat with the Beaux Arts academy in Paris who refused Viollet le Duc's educational reforms in 1863. In

1147-808: The topic was produced with the same name. Many reviews have characterized the contemporary art exhibition the 9th Berlin Biennale as a Gesamtkunstwerk . In 2017, prominent visual artists Shirin Neshat and William Kentridge directed operas at the Salzburg Festival . The Catholic Mass has been cited as an example of a Gesamtkunstwerk , and one could consider various liturgical expressions to be similar examples. Beyoncé has created multiple works that have been considered examples of Gesamtkunstwerk . Canadian development corporation Westbank, founded by Ian Gillespie , uses Gesamtkunstwerk as

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1184-595: The works of Heinrich von Kleist (1826) and of Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz (1828). In 1841 Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia invited Tieck to Berlin, where he received a pension for his remaining years. He died in Berlin on 28 April 1853. Tieck's importance lay in the readiness with which he adapted himself to the emerging new ideas which arose at the close of the 18th century, as well as his Romantic works, such as Der blonde Eckbert . However, his importance in German poetry

1221-591: Was associated with the British Arts and Crafts movement and largely influenced by the ideas of John Ruskin , who believed that industrialization led to a qualitative decline in artistically crafted goods. Morris believed a home must nurture harmony as well as infuse its inhabitants with a creative energy. The quote 'Have nothing in your houses that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful' epitomized Morris' way of living of Gesamtkunstwerk . Morris' and Philip Webb 's Red House , designed in 1859,

1258-559: Was born in Berlin , the son of a rope-maker. His siblings were the sculptor Christian Friedrich Tieck and the poet Sophie Tieck . He was educated at the Friedrichswerdersches Gymnasium  [ de ] , where he learned Greek and Latin, as required in most preparatory schools. He also began learning Italian at a very young age, from a grenadier with whom he became acquainted. Through this friendship, Tieck

1295-930: Was built next to the church in 1964–66. Aalto also planned the surrounding park. The Finnish Heritage Agency has listed the church as a nationally significant built heritage site as part of Aalto's administrative and civic center. Docomomo has also selected the center as a significant example of modern architecture in Finland. The church was protected in 2003 by a degree from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland central administration. 62°47′11″N 22°50′40″E  /  62.78639°N 22.84444°E  / 62.78639; 22.84444 Gesamtkunstwerk A Gesamtkunstwerk ( German: [ɡəˈzamtˌkʊnstvɛʁk] , literally 'total artwork', translated as 'total work of art', 'ideal work of art', 'universal artwork', 'synthesis of

1332-413: Was given a first-hand look at the poor, which could be linked to his work as a Romanticist. He later attended the universities of Halle , Göttingen , and Erlangen . At Göttingen, he studied Shakespeare and Elizabethan drama. On returning to Berlin in 1794, Tieck attempted to make a living by writing. He contributed a number of short stories (1795–98) to the series Straussfedern , published by

1369-550: Was written in the style of the French Romanticists and shows a falling-off. In later years Tieck carried on a varied literary activity as a critic ( Dramaturgische Blätter , 2 vols., 1825–1826; Kritische Schriften , 2 vols., 1848). He also edited the translation of Shakespeare by August Wilhelm Schlegel , who was assisted by Tieck's daughter Dorothea (1790–1841) and by Wolf Heinrich, Graf von Baudissin (1789–1878); Shakespeares Vorschule (2 vols., 1823–1829); and

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