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30-745: Lal Darwaza Mosque (Red Portal mosque or Ruby Gate mosque) of Jaunpur, was built in 1447 by Queen Rajye Bibi and dedicated to Sayyid Ali Dawood Kutubbudin a saint. The Lal Darwaza Masjid was built with the palace of Bibi Raji, who was the Queen of Sultan Mahmood Sharqi , a ruler of the Sharqi Dynasty.The stones and materials for construction of Lal Darwaz Masjid was transported from Varanasi to Jaunpur and consist of stones from demolished temples from fifth to fourteenth centuries. Partly stones were taken from demolished temples of Padmesvara near Vishwanath temple of Banares in 1296. The Lal Darwaza Masjid, Jaunpur

60-439: A celebrated saint (Maulana) of Jaunpur, whose descendants still live in the mohalla bazaar bhua Pandariba Jaunpur and mohalla Namaz Gah laldarwaza. Mohalla Namaz Gah was named by Bibi Rajye, who also built here a monastery and a college. The college was staffed by capable ulema and scholars and professors, and admitted students from all over the country. "Muslim Khwateen ki Taleem "Pg 36 mentions that one school for female education

90-622: A contemporary writer, Yahya Sarhindi , Malik Qaranfal was a member of the Sayyid dynasty . Malik Qaranfal became the next sultan with the title of Mubarak Shah. He was succeeded by his brother, Ibrahim Shah . In 1389, Malik Sarwar received the title of Khwajah-i-Jahan . In 1394, he was appointed as the governor of Jaunpur and received his title of Malik-us-Sharq from Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (1394–1413). Soon, he established himself as an independent ruler and took

120-773: A large part of the Ganges - Yamuna Doab . It reached its greatest height under the rule of Sultan Ibrahim Shah , who also vastly contributed to the development of Islamic education in the Sultanate. In 1494, Sultan Hussain Shah Sharqi was defeated by the forces of the Afghan ruler Bahlul Lodi , Sultan of the Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate at Benares at which point Hussain fled to Kahalgaon in modern-day Bihar where

150-512: A quarrel with his nobles. In 1458, after his brother Hasan was executed on his order, his other brother Hussain revolted and proclaimed himself as the sultan of Jaunpur, under the title of Hussain Shah. Muhammed Shah was soon killed by Hussain's army in Kanauj. The last ruler Hussain Shah signed a four years' peace treaty with Bahlul Lodi in 1458. Later, in order to invade Delhi reached the banks of

180-689: A result of the Sharqi's being pushed back by Bahlul Lodi's advance, the last Sharqi-dated inscriptions in the region of Uttar Pradesh are from 1476 and 1479 in Kannauj and Jaunpur respectively while Sharqi inscriptions in Bihar continued until 1505. He fled to Kahalgaon in modern-day Bihar , where he was granted asylum by sultan Alauddin Husain Shah and spent his last days there. In 1486, Bahlul Lodi placed his eldest surviving son Barbak Shah Lodi on

210-411: A treaty which accepted the right of Bahlul Lodi over Shamsabad. But when Bahlul tried to take possession of Shamsabad, he was opposed by the forces of Jaunpur. At this juncture, Mahmud Shah Sharqi died and he was succeeded by his son Bhikhan, who assumed the title of Muhammad Shah . On assuming power in 1457, Muhammad Shah made peace with Bahlul Lodi and recognised his right over Shamsabad. He picked up

240-543: Is the largest and most important. The city of Jaunpur , situated in the state of Uttar Pradesh , India is known for its mosques that have been the storehouses of history of Medieval India. Much of this recognition is due to Lal Darwaza Masjid in Jaunpur, India . With an influx of a large number of visitors, Jaunpur Lal Darwaza Masjid has become one of the prime tourist attractions in Jaunpur. Jaunpur Sultanate The Jaunpur Sultanate ( Persian : سلطنت جونپور )

270-734: The Atala Masjid , the Lal Darwaza Masjid and the Jama Masjid . Though the foundation of the Atala Masjid was laid by Firuz Shah Tughluq in 1376, it was completed only during the rule of Ibrahim Shah in 1408. Another mosque, the Jhanjhari Masjid was also built by Ibrahim Shah in 1430. The Lal Darwaja Masjid (1450) was built during the reign of the next ruler Mahmud Shah. The Jama Masjid was built in 1470, during

300-830: The Bahar-ul-Mawwaj and the Fatwa-i-Ibrahim Shahi . He constructed several monuments in a new regional style of architecture known as the Sharqi . During his reign, Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah II Tughluq took refuge in Jaunpur to get rid of the control of Mallu Iqbal over him. But he did not treat Sultan Mahmud Shah well. As a result, his relations with the Sultan became bitter and Mahmud Shah occupied Kanauj. In 1407, he tried to recover Kanauj but failed. His attempt to conquer Bengal also failed. He

330-762: The Jaunpur Sultanate had adopted Mubarak and Ibrahim. Mubarak succeeded Malik Sarwar in 1399, adopting the title of Mubarak Shah. After the death of Mubarak Shah in 1401, his younger brother Ibrahim became the sultan, assuming the title of Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim Shah. After the events of Ujjain, Ibrahim enjoyed about ten years of peace. During this period, art and architecture flourished, and many scholars from different parts of India, as well as Iran, immigrated to Jaunpur. The Chahar Ungli Masjid and Jhanjhari Masjid were constructed during this period. In 1433, Ibrahim Shah marched on to Mahmudabad and besieged

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360-543: The Khutba was read in his name. During his reign, Mallu Iqbal tried to recover Jaunpur but failed. He was succeeded by his younger brother Ibrahim after he died in 1402, who took the title of Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim Shah . The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402–1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to

390-476: The Sultan of Bengal assigned him a pargana . Here he was allowed to mint his own coins and was promised help from Bengal in recovering his kingdom. He died in 1505. The Sharqi dynasty was founded by Malik Sarwar, a eunuch slave of probably African origin. He was succeeded by his adopted son, Malik Qaranfal, who was previously a Hindu slave-boy and water-bearer of Firoz Shah Tughlaq . However, according to

420-646: The Sultans of Delhi . One contemporary source, which may have exaggerated, advises of Juga, the chief of the Bachgoti clan of Rajputs, who is said to have assembled a huge band of army consisting of 200,000 infantry and 15,000 cavalry to support the Sultan. The Sharqi rulers of Jaunpur were known for their patronage of learning and architecture. Jaunpur was known as the Shiraz of India during this period. Most notable examples of Sharqi style of architecture in Jaunpur are

450-576: The Yamuna with a very large army in 1478. Sultan Bahlul Lodi tried to secure peace by offering to retain only Delhi and govern it as a vassal of Hussain Shah but he rejected the offer. As a result, Sultan Bahlul crossed the Yamuna and defeated him. Hussain Shah agreed for truce but again captured Etawah and marched towards Delhi with a huge army and he was again defeated by Bahlul Lodi. He was able to make peace this time also. In March 1479, he again arrived at

480-521: The Jaunpur Sultan's have mainly been found in the territory of the modern states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India indicating the circulation of Sharqi coins in these regions. The first two rulers of the Sultanate, Malik Sarwar and Mubarak Shah did not declare their independence from the Delhi Sultanate hence neither struck coins in their own name. Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur was the first of

510-668: The banks of Yamuna. He was again defeated by Bahlul Lodi and lost the Parganas of Kampil, Patiali, Shamsabad, Suket, Koil, Marhara and Jalesar to the advancing army of the Delhi Sultan. After the successive defeats in the battles of Senha, Rapri and Raigaon Khaga, he was finally defeated on the banks of the Rahab, after which Bahlul Lodi appointed Mubarak Khan to Jaunpur. Hussain Shah re-assembled his forces, expelled Mubarak Khan and re-occupied Jaunpur, until Bahlul drove him out again. As

540-570: The city for three months. Hushang Shah of Malwa , learning of this situation, also advanced towards Mahmudabad. Ibrahim raised the siege, crossed the Jamuna river, and encamped on the other side of the city. By this time, Hoshang had entered the city and place Jalal Khan on the throne. Ibrahim returned to Jaunpur. Many Mahmudabadi nobles, unhappy with Jalal's rule, came to Jaunpur in order to seek Ibrahim's help. Ibrahim once again marched upon Mahmudabad and once again, Hushang Shah marched as well, and

570-460: The rule of the last ruler Hussain Shah. The last ruler Hussain Shah assumed the title of Gandharva and contributed significantly in the development of Khayal , a genre of Hindustani classical music . He also composed several new ragas (melodies). Most notable among these are Malhār-śyāma , Gaur-śyāma , Bhopāl-śyāma , Hussaini- or Jaunpurī-āśāvari (presently known as Jaunpuri ) and Jaunpuri-basant . The coin hoards of

600-799: The sultans to issue his own coins when he came to rule in 1402. The known coins were issued in gold , silver and copper . On the obverse of the coins is written: " Fi zaman al-Imam nai'b Amir al-mominin Abulfath khulidat Khilafatahu " English translation: " In the time of the Imam, the Deputy of the Commander of the faithful, the father of victory, may the caliphate perpetuate ". His successors, Mahmud Shah and Hussain Shah also continued to mint coins in their own names with billon and copper . Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur Malik Sarwar, who established

630-712: The sultans who paid tribute with levies of peasant war-bands. Among the contemporary Rajput clans who were situated in the territory or the peripheries of the Jaunpur Sultans, were the Baghelas of Rewa , the Bachgotis of Sultanpur in Uttar Pardesh, Ujjainiyas of Bhojpur as well as the Tomars of Gwalior. The support of these Rajput levies were what allowed the last sultan, Hussain Shah, to continue to challenge

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660-484: The throne of Jaunpur. It was during Hussain Shah' rule that a claimant to be the mahdi of all Muslims, Muhammad Jaunpuri , appeared and Hussain Shah was an admirer of him. Over the course of the fourteenth century, the Jaunpur Sultanate appeared to have been numerically superior to its neighbours when it came number of troops. It has been posited that this was because Jaunpur had many Rajput vassals under

690-533: The title of Atabak-i-Azam . He then suppressed the rebellions in Etawah, Koil and Kanauj . He was also able to bring under his control Kara, Awadh, Dalmau, Bahraich and South Bihar. The Rai of Jajnagar and the ruler of Lakhnauti acknowledged his authority and sent him several elephants. During the reign of Malik Sarwar, Jaunpur became embroiled in a 100-year war with the neighbouring Ujjainiyas of Bhojpur in modern-day Bihar . The Ujjainiya chieftain, Raja Harraj

720-532: The west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Nur Qutb Alam , he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Raja Ganesha . Ibrahim Shah was a patron of Islamic learning and established several colleges for this purpose. A large number of scholarly works on Islamic theology and law were produced during his reign, which include the Hashiah-i-Hindi ,

750-548: Was a late medieval Indian Muslim state which ruled over much of what is now the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar between 1394 and 1494. It was founded in 1394 by Khwajah-i-Jahan Malik Sarwar , an eunuch slave and former wazir of Sultan Nasiruddin Muhammad Shah IV Tughluq , amidst the disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate 's Tughlaq dynasty . Centred in Jaunpur , the Sultanate extended authority over

780-502: Was formed to serve as a private mosque for the Queen. Bibi Raji established a religious school in the area surrounding the Lal Darwaza in Jaunpur for all the local Muslim residents. The school (or Madrasa) was named Jamia Hussainia and it exists till date. This Mosque was built in 1447 (as per inscription of this mosque), during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Sharqi, by Queen Bibi Rajyi, dedicated to Maulana Sayyid Ali Dawood Kutubbudin,

810-429: Was founded in 845/1441 at Jaunpur by Queen Bibi Rajye. 860 Hijri tamer e qadeem and tameer e mehrab in 1409 Hijri. Lal Darwaza (Ruby Gate) Mosque owes its name to the vermilion-painted lofty gateway of Bibi Rajye’s royal palace, that stood adjacent to it. It is situated in the extreme north west and known by names mohalla Laldarwza or Begum Ganj. This Mosque has three gate way of which the eastern one and main gate way

840-494: Was initially successful in the forces of Malik Sarwar however the Ujjainiyas were defeated in subsequent battles and retreated into the forests and resorted to guerrilla warfare. Malik Sarwar was succeeded by his adopted son Malik Qaranfal after his death, who assumed the title of Mubarak Shah , ruled for three years, and issued coins in his own name. After assuming power in 1399, Mubarak Shah struck coins in his own name and

870-538: Was joined by Jalal Khan. The armies of Jaunpur and Malwa fought an indecisive battle, with the Malwi losses being slightly higher. Hoshang Shah left in order to avoid a long war, leaving Jalal Khan within Mahmudabad, and Ibrahim laid siege. Jalal escaped to a nearby town, and Ibrahim occupied the city of Mahmudabad, enthroning Zaghir Khan. Zaghir later abdicated in favour of his brother, and Ibrahim finally placed Jalal on

900-506: Was succeeded by his eldest son Mahmud Shah after his death. Mahmud Shah Sharqi was successful in conquering Chunar, but failed to capture Kalpi. He also conducted campaigns against Bengal and Odisha . The monarch of Odisha at that time was the legendary Kapilendra Deva Gajapati. The Odia forces defeated the Jaunpur Sultanate comprehensively. In 1452, he invaded Delhi but was defeated by Bahlul Lodi . Later, he made another attempt to conquer Delhi and marched into Etawah. Finally, he agreed to

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