73-557: 34°18′57.04″S 148°17′31.86″E / 34.3158444°S 148.2921833°E / -34.3158444; 148.2921833 The Lambing Flat riots were a series of violent anti- Chinese demonstrations that took place in the Burrangong region, in New South Wales , Australia . They occurred on the goldfields at Spring Creek, Stoney Creek, Back Creek, Wombat, Blackguard Gully , Tipperary Gully, and Lambing Flat. Events in
146-545: A Southern Cross superimposed over a Flag of Scotland's. Andrew's Cross with the inscription, 'Roll Up – No Chinese', the banner has been claimed by some as a variant of the Eureka Flag . It served as an advertisement for a public meeting that presaged the infamous Lambing Flat riots later that year. Painted by a Scottish migrant, it is a testimony to the transfer of cultural practices and values through migration. Though it has been claimed to be an example of Chartist art,
219-405: A creek between heavily timbered hills. Stock yards had been built there and used to enclose strayed and wild horses from the surrounding country. The cook for the party, an American, "who was familiar with the appearance of many other goldfields, was struck with the appearance of the place". The cook washed several spadefuls of earth "and succeeded in getting a good prospect of gold". After procuring
292-596: A key component in the maintenance of a bicultural identity . Chinese Australians have adopted many slang terms in Chinese. An example is the term 土澳 , which is a slang term for Australia (as opposed to the standard term, 澳大利亚 ). According to the census data collected in the last twenty years, among Australians with full or partial Chinese ancestry there has been a general decline of institutional religions (between 2006 and 2016, Buddhism fell from 24.1% to 15.7% and Christianity fell from 29.8% to 23.4%). In 2016, 55.4% of
365-530: A median individual weekly income of $ 466. In 2006, the median individual weekly income for Hong Kong-born Australians aged 15 years and over was $ 425, compared with $ 431 for all overseas-born and $ 488 for all Australia-born. The total Australian population had a median individual weekly income of $ 466. Therefore, median weekly earnings for Chinese Australians are relatively lower than the population average. There have been numerous notable Chinese Australians in various fields throughout Australia's history. Due to
438-572: A modelling effect. The key feature of these families was that parental involvement in their children's school-related activities remained high throughout the high school time of their children. Chinese-Australian families indicated that diligence, a deep cultural respect for education and motivation to become educated was quite strong among first generation immigrants. Chinese-Australians have a significant influence and place considerable pressure on their children academically. In addition, mathematics achievement and participation of high school students have
511-475: A much lower return than Europeans. The rural background of most of the Chinese diggers suited them very well to life as alluvial goldminers: they were used to long hours of hard outdoor work as a member of a disciplined team, accustomed to simple sleeping quarters and basic food, and were satisfied with a much smaller return of gold than the majority of Europeans. Tension between the two groups first surfaced as petty complaints: Europeans made stereotyped claims that
584-598: A new goldfield at Ararat , and were driven off their find by Europeans. Similar events occurred in New South Wales, which was just feeling the impact of significant Chinese immigration. European miners drove Chinese off the diggings at Rocky River in New England (Australia) in 1856. Serious confrontations followed at Adelong in 1857 and Tambaroora in 1858. In Victoria the Buckland River goldfield
657-435: A reasonably rich claim to take up another one rumoured to be richer. Very few miners became wealthy; the reality of the diggings was that relatively few miners found even enough gold to earn them a living. The Chinese generally worked in large organised groups, covering the entire ground's surface, so that if there was any gold there, the Chinese miners usually found it. They lived communally and frugally, and could subsist on
730-640: A revival in China over the last decades. There are also several notable Chinese temples that exist and still active in Australia, like Sarm Sung Goon Temple, Albion (built in 1886), Sze Yup Temple (built in 1898), Yiu Ming Temple (built in 1908) and Heavenly Queen Temple (Melbourne) . Nan Tien Temple in New South Wales and Chung Tian Temple in Queensland are the oversea branch temples of Fo Guang Shan . Historically, Chinese Australians have voted for
803-416: A strong correlation towards the success or achievement goals and sense of competence. In addition, Chinese students from migrant backgrounds, in comparison to those from refugee backgrounds, are more academically successful. Among Hong Kong-born Australians aged 15 years and over, the participation rate in the labour force was 63.3 percent and the unemployment rate was 6.6 percent. The corresponding rates in
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#1732791103230876-602: The 2011 census , Young had a population of 6,960. Young Shire Council established the Lambing Flat Chinese Tribute Gardens adjacent to the site of Chinamans Dam, an old railway dam approximately 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of Young. The gardens are intended to create an ambience similar to the Japanese Gardens at Cowra . Chinamans Dam, with an initial capacity of over 9,100 cubic metres (2 × 10 ^ imp gal) when it
949-687: The Australian external territory of Christmas Island , Australians of full or partial Chinese origin form the plurality of the population. The recent turbulence of Australia–China relations had a negative impact to the Chinese Australian community, being increasingly targeted by xenophobic attitudes. Chinese peoples have a long and continuing role in Australian history. There were early links between China and Australia when Macau and Canton were used as an important trading ports with
1022-405: The Australian goldfields in the 1850s led to hostility toward Chinese miners on the part of many Europeans, which was to affect many aspects of European-Chinese relations in Australia for the next century. Some of the sources of conflict between European and Chinese miners arose from the nature of the industry they were engaged in. Most gold mining in the early years was alluvial mining, where
1095-533: The Buckland Riot , the Lambing Flats Riots , as well as general discrimination and prejudice. However, there were many establishments in this period that would have a lasting effect on the history of Australia and the history of Chinese in Australia. One of these establishments were the Chinese camps, which most often, later, became Chinatowns in Australia . There was also the establishment and
1168-484: The Eureka rebellion at Ballarat six years earlier. Trouble began late in 1860 with the formation of a Miners Protective League , followed by roll-ups (mass meetings) of European diggers evicting Chinese miners from sections of the field. These events involved the quasi-legal posting of notices to quit, and were carried out ceremonially, with a brass band leading the marchers. There was little violence at first. Most of
1241-668: The Pearl River Delta in South China, with most such immigrants speaking dialects within the Yue dialect group. The Gold rushes lured many Chinese to the Australian colonies in the 19th century. As with many overseas Chinese groups the world over, early Chinese immigrants to Australia established several Chinatowns in major cities, such as Sydney ( Chinatown, Sydney ), Melbourne ( Chinatown, Melbourne ), Brisbane ( Chinatown, Brisbane ) and Perth ( Chinatown, Perth ). In
1314-470: The Philippines and Vietnam . Before the end of the 20th century, Chinese Australians were predominately of Cantonese and Hakka descent from Mainland China , Hong Kong and Macau, and Cantonese was the dominant language. Due to more recent immigration from other regions of China, Mandarin has surpassed Cantonese by number of speakers. In a 2004 study on the intermarriage pattern in Australia,
1387-531: The White Australia Policy . This policy made it almost impossible for anyone new to migrate from China to Australia. After federation the population of Chinese in Australia steadily declined. Despite the declining numbers people with Chinese heritage still played their part in Australian history. There were over 200 people with Chinese heritage who fought for Australia in World War I , including
1460-556: The night of 30 June 1861 when a mob of between 2,000 and 3,000 European, North American and Australian-born gold miners attacked about 2,000 Chinese miners and drove the Chinese off the Lambing Flat, and then moved on to the Back Creek diggings, where 150–200 Chinese were encamped, they went about destroying tents and looting possessions. Many of the Chinese were cruelly beaten, but no one was killed. About 1,000 Chinese abandoned
1533-424: The 1860s the numbers of Chinese in Australia was around 40,000. Of these, it is believed only 12, were women. This gender imbalance meant that Chinese men married women of European descent but many had it in their hearts to return to China. Anti-Chinese racism among white Australians also strongly contributed to the push for the federation of Australia . Some of the first Acts of the new federation would establish
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#17327911032301606-414: The 1860s, some Chinese, who remained in the district, ran intensive and successful market gardens, supplying Young and other towns, even as far away as Wagga. The town was incorporated in 1882, with miller, Peter Cram, the first mayor. In 1889 Young was the first town in Australia to install electricity into the streets and homes of the township; Tamworth NSW had installed electricity to the streets only
1679-528: The 1980s and 1990s, whose families often settled in the capital cities. New institutions were established for these arrivals and old ones such as the Chinese Chamber of Commerce revived, while numerous Chinese language newspapers were once again published in the capital cities. Ethnic Chinese settlers from Peru immigrated to Australia following the Peruvian dictatorship of Revolutionary Government of
1752-468: The 2016 census was $ 505. In the 2016 census, there were 2,324 separate houses (83.2%), 202 semi-detached, row or terrace houses and townhouses (7.2%), 257 flats, units or apartments (9.2%) and 3 other dwellings (0.1%). In the 2016 census, there were 594 couple families with children (which comprised 34.4% of all families in occupied private dwellings), 675 couple families without children (39.1%), 431 one parent families (24.9%) and 28 other families (1.6%). At
1825-400: The 2016 census. The three most common languages spoken at home other than English in the 2016 census were: In the week preceding the 2016 census, 1894 households (67.8%) had accessed the internet at home. 501 (8.9%) people held a bachelor's degree or above. 212 people were unemployed, representing 7.6% of the labour force. The median weekly individual income for people aged 15 years and over in
1898-863: The 2021 census, 1,390,637 Australian residents identified themselves as having Chinese ancestry, accounting for 5.5% of the total population. In 2019, the Australian Bureau of Statistics estimated that there were 677,240 Australian residents born in Mainland China , 101,290 born in Hong Kong , 59,250 born in Taiwan and 3,130 born in Macau . There are also a large number of persons of Chinese ancestry among those born in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia , Indonesia , Singapore ,
1971-498: The Armed Forces of Peru in 1968. After the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests , then- Australian Prime Minister , Bob Hawke , allowed students from China to settle in Australia permanently. The aftermath of May 1998 riots of Indonesia saw sizeable influx of Chinese Indonesians fleeing persecution in their home country for Australia. Since the 2000s, with the rapid development of China's economy , there has been an explosion in
2044-556: The Australian population. Among Chinese-born Australians, 42.2 percent had Diploma level or higher* qualifications and 4.8 percent had Certificate level qualifications. For Chinese-born Australians, 88,440 had no higher non-school qualification, of which 35.3 percent were still attending an educational institution. In 2006, 57.3 per cent of the Hong Kong-born Australians aged 15 years and over had some form of higher non-school qualifications compared to 52.5 percent of
2117-428: The Australian population. Among the Hong Kong-born Australians, 45.7 per cent had Diploma level or higher qualifications and 6.1 percent had Certificate level qualifications. From the Hong Kong-born Australians, 28,720 had no higher non-school qualification, of which 44.7 per cent were still attending an educational institution. In 2006, 31.9% of Chinese Australians attained a bachelor's degree compared to just 14.8% for
2190-460: The Australian workforce which was below the national average of 67.1%. Chinese Australians and Hong Kong Australians also have an unemployment rate of 11.2% and 6.6% respectively. Both figures were higher than the national average of 4.9%. In 2006, the median individual weekly income for Chinese-born Australians aged 15 years and over was $ 242, compared with $ 431 for all overseas-born and $ 488 for all Australia-born. The total Australian population had
2263-563: The Chartist movement was not racial in nature and sought only to protect the poor from the rich. Nevertheless, along with the Eureka Flag it is a rare example of an historic Australian banner designed to rally support to a cause. Chinese Australian Chinese Australians ( simplified Chinese : 华裔澳大利亚人 or 华裔澳洲人 ; traditional Chinese : 華裔澳大利亞人 or 華裔澳洲人 ; pinyin : Huáyì àodàlìyà rén or Huáyì àozhōu rén ) are Australians of Chinese origin . Chinese Australians are one of
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2336-515: The Chinese Australians fit within the census category of "not religious, secular beliefs or other spiritual beliefs", rising significantly from 37.8% in 2006. These shiftings in religious demography may be due to the incoming of new immigrants from China who generally do not have a formal religious affiliation, and many of whom are involved in the native Chinese religion (including Chinese ancestral worship ) which has been experiencing
2409-569: The Chinese Empire. A new Chinese Immigration Regulation Bill was being drafted for debate in Parliament while the first gold miners were arriving at Burrangong. The events at Burrangong were well-recorded at the time, and have been analysed by a number of historians in recent decades. The Burrangong affair was arguably the most serious civil disorder that has ever happened in Australia, involving more people and lasting much longer than
2482-425: The Chinese moved to new diggings nearby, and some returned soon afterward. This pattern of behaviour was to be repeated on several occasions over the next eight months; there seemed to be an understanding from early in the Burrangong events that the Chinese would be tolerated if they remained in certain areas of the goldfield. In ten months of unrest at Burrangong, the most infamous riot on the gold fields occurred on
2555-524: The Chinese muddied the water holes, they worked on the Sabbath, they were thieves, they had insanitary habits, they accepted low wages and would drive down the value of labour. But because the Chinese were distinctive in appearance, language and dress, they became classic targets for xenophobia , and surly resentment became systematic hatred. These pressures gave rise to several violent protests against government policies across Victoria and New South Wales in
2628-487: The Coalition over Labor, due to a perception that Liberal Party was more business-oriented and more focused on economic development than Labor. However, support for the Coalition from Chinese Australians has declined in recent years. In the 2022 Australian federal election , electorates with a higher concentration of Chinese-Australian voters experienced larger swings against the Coalition compared to other electorates; in
2701-767: The NSW Railway Commissioners gave notice of the intention to build the first part of the Blayney-Demondrille railway . To provide water for its steam locomotives, the Commissioners decided to provide a dam and pump water from it to a facility, known as Young Tank, at the 396-kilometre (246 mi) post. It is not known whether the railways enhanced the existing dam or built a new facility. From 1885 to 1901, locomotives stopped at Young Tank to replenish their water. In 1901, watering facilities were built at Young Station. The supply of water
2774-723: The National Cherry Festival. Young is situated on the Olympic Highway and is approximately two hours' drive from the Canberra area. It is in a valley, with surrounding hills. The town is named after Sir John Young , the governor of NSW from 1861 to 1867. Before European settlers arrived in Young, members of the Burrowmunditory tribe, a family group of the indigenous Wiradjuri Nation, lived in
2847-584: The New South Wales Parliament passed the Chinese Immigration Bill which restricted the number of Chinese that could be brought into New South Wales on any ship and imposed a tax per head on entry. The town of Young was gazetted in 1861. The goldfields produced 15,000 kilograms (470,000 ozt) of gold sent by escort from the fields. Up to 20,000 miners worked the fields including about 2,000 Chinese miners. Later in
2920-615: The Premier, Charles Cowper , found his own party divided on the issue and the Bill failed. Then in 1860 the Chinese and British governments signed the Convention of Peking , a diplomatic agreement that subjects of the Chinese and British Empires would have reciprocal rights under their respective countries' laws. As the Australian colonies enacted British laws, it raised the question of whether New South Wales could legally exclude citizens of
2993-399: The area, now known as the infamous Lambing Flat riots . As gold became scarce, European miners began to resent what they saw as the greater success of the more industrious Chinese, and hence many Chinese miners were attacked, robbed and killed. The anti-Chinese rebels rallied in numbers of up to 3,000. Eventually the rioters were controlled, Chinese miners had their claims restored to them, but
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3066-544: The background of a contentious debate in the New South Wales Parliament over legislation to restrict Chinese immigration. Chinese numbers on the New South Wales goldfields had been relatively small, but were rising in the wake of restrictions imposed in Victoria. Restrictive legislation had also been proposed in New South Wales as early as 1858 in the wake of Victorian and South Australian laws, but
3139-449: The brunt of the cold westerly airmasses. Climate data are sourced from Young Airport , at an elevation of 380 metres (1,250 ft) and operating since 1988. At the 2021 census , the population of Young was 10,610, up from 10,295 people at the 2016 census . The breakdown of population in 2016 in the township included 367 people (5.1%) (197 males and 172 females) who identified as being of Indigenous origin. The median age of people
3212-613: The consolidation of power for Chinese societies, many of these are still active in Australia today. These societies provided support and community for the Chinese in the colonies. After the gold rushes the numbers of Chinese living in the cities swelled and their businesses and industries contributed much to growth of Melbourne and Sydney in the late 19th century. Mei Quong Tart and Lowe Kong Meng were prominent business figures in Sydney and Melbourne respectively. However, there were very few Chinese women migrating to Australia. At one point in
3285-589: The decorated sniper Billy Sing . A similar number fought for Australia in World War II . The final end of the White Australia Policy from the 1960s saw new arrivals from the Chinese diaspora and for the first time significant numbers from non-Cantonese speaking parts of China. The first wave of arrivals were ethnic Chinese refugees from Vietnam and Cambodia during the 1970s. This was followed by economic immigrants from Hong Kong and Taiwan in
3358-524: The field and set up camp near Roberts' homestead at Currowang sheep station, 20 km away. There were two triggers for the violence: in Sydney the Legislative Council rejected the anti-Chinese bill, and a false rumour swept the goldfield that a new group of 1,500 Chinese were on the road to Burrangong. The police arrived in the days that followed, identified the leaders of the riot, and three were arrested two weeks later. The mob's reaction
3431-458: The fledgling colony. Mak Sai Ying (also known as John Shying) was the first officially recorded Chinese migrant in 1818. After his arrival he spent some time farming before, in 1829, he became prominent as the publican of The Lion in Parramatta . Early 19th Century migration was in limited numbers and sporadic, primarily those who came in this period were free merchants or adventurers and,
3504-495: The following year, a 15-hectare (36-acre) reserve was established and the Shire Council were appointed as trustees. The dam has since been enlarged. Young has six schools: Rugby football is traditionally popular in Young, with a strong Maher Cup rugby league team competing between 1920 and 1971. The following sports teams operate out of Young: Australian rules football was also at times popular in Young, with
3577-411: The general Australian population. 36.1% of Hong Kong Australians attained a bachelor's degree or higher. Chinese Australians born overseas reported high educational attainment with over 50% of them holding at least bachelor's degree. When all these rates are melded, approximately 42 percent of (first and second generation) Chinese Australians have achieved a bachelor's degree, making it roughly three times
3650-403: The gold was in small particles mixed with dirt, gravel and clay close to the surface of the ground, or buried in the beds of old watercourses or "leads". Extracting the gold took no great skill, but it was hard work, and generally speaking, the more work, the more gold the miner won. Europeans tended to work alone or in small groups, concentrating on rich patches of ground, and frequently abandoning
3723-498: The horses the men returned to Binalong, 32 miles to the south-east, and after a few days Sheedy and six men returned with tools and provisions, "determined to test the auriferous quality of the place". The second dishful washed by the men produced a nugget of seven pennyweight . By late July 1860 word had spread and there were about fifty persons at Lambing Flat who had joined the search for gold. From November 1860 through to June 1861, anti-Chinese miners attacked Chinese gold miners in
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#17327911032303796-443: The largest groups within the global Chinese diaspora , and are the largest Asian Australian community. Per capita , Australia has more people of Chinese ancestry than any country outside Asia . As a whole, Australian residents identifying themselves as having Chinese ancestry made up 5.5% of Australia's population at the 2021 census. The very early history of Chinese Australians involved significant immigration from villages of
3869-565: The late 1850s and early 1860s. The first anti-Chinese demonstration occurred in Bendigo in July 1854. Some of these incidents took the form of outright attempts at excluding the Chinese from a goldfield, or a portion of it. Disputes between European and Chinese miners flared into brawls at Daylesford and Castlemaine . A party of Chinese en route to the Victorian diggings from Robe discovered
3942-612: The long history of the Chinese in Australia, many places have Chinese names. Young, New South Wales Young is a town in the South Western Slopes region of New South Wales , Australia , and the largest town in the Hilltops Region . The "Lambing Flat" Post Office opened on 1 March 1861 and was renamed "Young" in 1863. Young is marketed as the Cherry Capital of Australia and every year hosts
4015-582: The more common, indentured labourers. The Australian Gold Rushes are what first lured thousands of Chinese to the country. In 1855 in Melbourne there were 11,493 Chinese arrivals. This was startling considering that barely five years previous, Melbourne's entire population had only been around 25,000 people. By 1858, 42,000 Chinese immigrants had arrived in Victoria, with many of them living in boarding houses in Little Bourke Street. Due to
4088-531: The national average of 14 percent. The pathways Chinese-Australian families choose to motivate their children is partly based on their cultural values which emphasise scholastic excellence, and partly on their own experiences in their native as well as in the host country. Customarily, activities taking place in Chinese-Australian homes were related to the education of their children. Regular family discussions on educational matters and career paths had
4161-403: The number of immigrants from China, which have frequently been Australia's largest source of new immigrants since 2000. In 2015–16, China (excluding Hong Kong and Macau) was the second largest source of immigrants to Australia behind India . China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) is now the third largest foreign birthplace for Australian residents, after England and New Zealand . At
4234-453: The only available channel of social mobility, substantial investment in children's education at a disproportionate sacrifice to family finance and social well-being is an indication of parental concerns and expectations. 33.8% of Chinese Australians and 46.6% Hong Kong Australians work as white collar professionals compared to 32% for the total Australian population. 63.3% of Hong Kong Australians and 56.3% of Chinese Australians participate in
4307-601: The previous year. The former Young Shire was acknowledged as the first Local Government Area to institute a rural school bus system in New South Wales. Young has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Owing to Young's far western location, it features hot, dry summers and cool, damp winters making for a particularly wide seasonal range characteristic of the South West Slopes region. Snow falls occasionally, notwithstanding its low elevation of just 400 metres (1,300 ft) as it lay far west enough to bear
4380-1184: The proportion of second-generation Chinese Australians with spouses of Anglo-Celtic ancestry was approximately 21% and for third generation it was 68%. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics , in 2012 Chinese immigrant mothers had a total fertility of 1.59 children per woman, lower compared to the Australian average of 1.94. This declined to 1.19 and 1.73 respectively in 2019. At the 2021 census, 685,274 persons declared that they spoke Mandarin at home (the most common language spoken at home in Australia after English at 2.8%), followed by Cantonese at 295,281 (the fourth most common after English at 1.2%). Many Chinese Australians speak other varieties of Chinese such as Shanghainese , Hokkien and Hakka at home. Many Chinese Australians from other areas speak Tagalog (Philippines), Malay (Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei), Vietnamese , Thai , and Portuguese (Macau) as additional languages. Second or higher generation Chinese Australians are often either monolingual in English or bilingual to varying degrees with their heritage language, with their relationship to language often being
4453-562: The region. Descendants of the Burrowmunditory clan still live in Young. James White was the first European settler in the district and established 'Burrangong' station in 1826 with a squatting claim of 260 square kilometres (100 sq mi). His story is told in the novel Brothers in Exile . In late June 1860 Michael Sheedy from Binalong , and a group of other stockmen, were on James White's 'Burrangong' pastoral run looking for horses. The sheltered area known as 'Lambing Flat' lay along
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#17327911032304526-572: The ringleaders of the riots were tried and two were gaoled. At the end of the affair, Burrangong was quiet and some Chinese miners were still there. A number of Chinese miners petitioned the NSW Government for compensation due to their losses in the riots. However it is doubtful if any compensations was actually paid. A banner period, painted on a tent-flap in 1861, is now on display at the Lambing Flat museum in Young, New South Wales . Bearing
4599-619: The top 15 seats by Chinese ancestry, the swing against the Coalition on a two-party-preferred basis was 6.6 per cent, compared to 3.7 per cent in other seats. This resulted in the Liberal Party losing many federal seats with large Chinese communities in 2022 to Labor (losing Bennelong and Reid in Sydney and Chisholm in Melbourne to Labor and Kooyong in Melbourne to a teal independent ), as well as losing Aston in 2023 , which
4672-1029: The total Australian population were 64.6 and 5.2 percent respectively. Of the 39,870 Hong Kong-born Australians who were employed, 42.2 percent were employed in a Skill Level 1 occupation, 12.3 percent in Skill Level 2 and 8.5 percent in Skill Level 3. The corresponding rates in the total Australian population were 28.7, 10.7 and 15.1 percent respectively. Many Chinese Australians work in white collar middle class jobs. But Chinese Australians are under-represented in occupations such as journalism, law and other professions that require language skills and face to face contact. First-generation Chinese Australians also experience problems in getting white collar jobs commensurate with their qualifications and work experience. Instead, they go into business and operate convenience stores, car dealerships, grocery stores, coffee shops, news agencies and restaurants while making sacrifices to pay for their children's education. Perceiving education as
4745-407: The widespread racist sentiments in parliament and on the goldfields, the first of many immigration restrictions and Chinese targeting laws was passed in late 1855. However, due to the long, poorly regulated borders between the colonies of Australia the numbers of Chinese on the goldfields continued to swell. Upon the goldfields Chinese peoples faced many hardships. There were violent anti-Chinese riots;
4818-441: Was 40 years. The number of people born overseas in the 2016 census was 1023 (13.9%) compared with 650 (5.8%) in the 2001 census, 589 (5.3%) in the 1996 census and 549 (5.1%) in the 1991 census. Of those born overseas, the three main countries of birth in the 2016 census were: In the 2016 census, the three most common ancestries identified with were: English was stated as the only language spoken at home by 6,413 people (89.6%) in
4891-457: Was an armed attack on the police camp by about a thousand miners on the night of 14 July, which the police broke up with gunfire and mounted sabre charges, leaving one rioter, William Lupton, dead and many wounded. The police briefly abandoned the field, but then a detachment of 280 soldiers , sailors and police reinforcements arrived from Sydney and stayed for a year. Some of the remaining Chinese miners were reinstated on segregated diggings,
4964-411: Was in railway use, is situated at a hamlet called Pitstone on Sawpit Gully. The dam was built in the 1860s by German brothers (from Hannover), Herman and John Tiedemann, to provide water for the sluicing of their Victoria Hill gold claims. At some time in the 1870s, the brothers sold the area, including the dam, to a Chinese group who worked the site. The dam was used as a railway facility from 1882 when
5037-570: Was marked with aggressive and hostile rhetoric against China from senior politicians such as Scott Morrison and Peter Dutton . The federal electorate with the highest number of Chinese Australians is the Division of Chisholm in Melbourne, which has been held by the Labor Party since 2022. In 2006, 55.0 percent for Chinese-born Australians aged 15 years and over had some form of higher non-school qualifications compared to 52.5 percent of
5110-559: Was obtained from Chinamans Dam. The capacity of the dam was enlarged in 1911. The dam was a popular spot for swimming and, whilst officially frowned upon, was tolerated. Following the connection to the South West Tablelands Water Supply Scheme, which provided water from Burrinjuck Dam , the railways ceased to draw water from Chinamans Dam after 1936. The site was returned to the Crown in 1962 and in
5183-462: Was the first time in over a century in which the government won a seat off the opposition in a by-election. In the 2023 New South Wales state election , the top 10 electorates in terms of Chinese ancestry all saw big swings to Labor. The marked swings from the Coalition to Labor from 2022 onwards has been attributed to Australia's fraught relationship with China under the Morrison government , which
5256-409: Was the name of the gazetted goldfield, and its principal settlement later became the modern town of Young . Lambing Flat, the name which has attached itself most persistently to the events, was a horse paddock where one of the most violent incidents took place. Another important aspect of the story is the political events that were going on in Sydney , for the Burrangong affair was played out against
5329-521: Was the scene of repeated incidents, culminating in a major riot in July 1857. The most notorious of these incidents, and the one which has generated more folklore than any other, was the so-called Lambing Flat Riot, actually a drawn-out series of incidents on the Burrangong Goldfield in New South Wales between November 1860 and September 1861. Several place names are sometimes used interchangeably when describing these events. Burrangong
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