Misplaced Pages

#275724

31-530: Lamphun was founded by Queen Chama Thevi as the capital of the Haripunchai Kingdom, the last and most northerly Mon kingdom in the area which now forms Thailand . Around 25 km (16 mi) south of Chiang Mai , it was constructed in the shape of a conch shell, following the Khuang River on its east side and divided by moats at the remaining points of the compass. Queen Chama Thevi

62-512: A full-scale war. After the war, Hanthawaddy entered its golden age whereas its rival Ava gradually went into decline. From the 1420s to the 1530s, Hanthawaddy was the most powerful and prosperous kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. Under a string of especially gifted monarchs— Binnya Ran I , Shin Sawbu , Dhammazedi and Binnya Ran II —the kingdom enjoyed a long golden age, profiting from foreign commerce. Its merchants traded with traders from across

93-772: A funeral for her for 7 days. Her bones were collected and contained in the Suwan-Chang-Kot-Chedi at Wat Camadevi in Lamphun after the cremation. Camadevi's statue is located in Naimueang Sub-district, Lamphun province. It is situated about 1 km from the city hall near the Nongdork public garden. The opening ceremony of the monument took place on October 2, 1982, and was inaugurated by Maha Vajiralongkorn Bodindradebayavarangkun. Mon kingdoms Mon kingdoms were polities established by

124-654: A geopolitical standpoint, Anawrahta's conquest of Thaton checked the Khmer advance in the Tenasserim coast . In 1287, the Pagan Empire collapsed due to Mongol invasions , and all its vassal states became independent. In present-day Lower Burma, Wareru established a kingdom for the Mon-speaking people called Ramannadesa by unifying three Mon-speaking regions of Lower Burma: Martaban (Mottama), Pegu (Bago),

155-446: A giant bird. The bird flew over Doi Suthep and gave the young baby to a hermit named Suthewa Rusi. He took good care of her and named her Vi. Vi grew up well-educated with Suthewa Rusi. As Vi turned 13 years old, he prophesied her destiny and found out that she had a chance to be the ruler of a great kingdom in the future. He built a raft and sent her away to Lavo because it was the most prosperous kingdom at that time. It took months for

186-463: A substantial independent polity prior to Pagan's expansion. Possibly in this period, the delta sedimentation—which now extends the coastline by three miles (4.8 kilometres) in a century—remained insufficient, and the sea still reached too far inland, to support a population even as large as the modest population of the late precolonial era. The earliest evidence of Burmese script is dated to 1035, and possibly as early as 984, both of which are earlier than

217-473: A temple on the battleground devoted to the deceased. According to the Legend of Cāmadevivaṃsa , the war took place in 653. After the situation was settled, the marriage was arranged 2 years later. Around 659, Suthewa Rusi came to Lavo to ask Camadevi take over the new kingdom, Haripunchai, which he and his friend had established. However, the story was recorded differently in the Legend of Cāmadevivaṃsa . It

248-475: Is remembered in the wat of her name, which is said to be the resting place of her ashes. Near the town's main morning market in the south-west of the city is a statue of the queen at which offerings are still made today by citizens. While still living in the north King Mangrai was visited by some merchants from the Mon Kingdom, and hearing of the wealth of Lamphun he determined to conquer it, even against

279-632: The Irrawaddy delta in May 1755, the French defended port of Thanlyin in July 1756, and finally the capital Pegu in May 1757. The fall of Restored Hanthawaddy was the beginning of the end of Mon people's centuries-old dominance of Lower Burma. Konbaung armies' reprisals forced thousands of Mons to flee to Siam . By the early 19th century, assimilation, inter-marriage, and mass migration of Burman families from

310-442: The Irrawaddy delta . The kingdom's first capital was at Martaban but the capital was moved to Pegu in 1369. For its first 100 years, the kingdom was merely a loose collection of three Mon-speaking regions. The high kings at the capital had little substantive authority over the vassals. Indeed, Martaban was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1389. A more centralised rule came with the reign of King Razadarit , who not only firmly unified

341-481: The Kingdom of Sukhothai , the first Thai Kingdom. Most records of Camadevi mention her life period differently. For example: A book called “ Chinnakanmalipakon ” said that she reigned in 662 for 7 years; Manit Wallipodom's research mentioned that she was born in 623, reigned in 662 for 17 years and died in 715 at the age of 92; and The legend of Camadevi translated and edited by Suttavari Suwannapat mentioned that she

SECTION 10

#1732772441276

372-521: The Mon -speaking people in parts of present-day Myanmar and Thailand . The polities ranged from Dvaravati and Haripuñjaya in present-day northern Thailand to Thaton , Hanthawaddy (1287–1539), and the Restored Hanthawaddy (1740–1757) in southern Myanmar. The first recorded kingdom attributed to the Mon people is Dvaravati , which prospered until around 1000 CE when their capital

403-642: The 266-year-old Toungoo dynasty. A new dynasty called Konbaung led by King Alaungpaya rose in Upper Burma to challenge the southern forces, and went on to conquer all of Upper Burma by January 1754. After Hanthawaddy's second invasion of Upper Burma failed in May 1754, the kingdom's leadership in self-defeating measures killed off the Toungoo royal family, and persecuted ethnic Burmans in the south, both of which only strengthened Alaungpaya's hand. In 1755, Alaungpaya invaded Lower Burma. Konbaung forces captured

434-466: The Indian Ocean, filling the king's treasury with gold and silver, silk and spices, and all the other stuff of early modern trade. The kingdom also became a famous centre of Theravada Buddhism . It established strong ties with Ceylon , and encouraged reforms that later spread throughout the country. The powerful kingdom's end came abruptly. Due to the inexperience of King Takayutpi , the kingdom

465-507: The King of Lavo for permission to marry her but was rejected. He felt enraged and decided to start a war with Lavo Kingdom to win Camadevi. Camadevi chose to lead the army herself. She gained allies from neighboring kingdoms and could win the army. Her victory was admired and celebrated by the people but Camadevi was sorrowful about all the lives lost in this war, so she gave an order to build

496-467: The advice of his councillors. As it was deemed impossible to take the city by force, he sent a skillful merchant called Ai Fa to gain the confidence of the King Yi Ba, and in time he became the chief minister and managed to undermine the king's authority. In 1281, with the people in a state of discontent, Mangrai defeated the Mon Kingdom, and added the city and its wealth to his kingdom, while Yi Ba,

527-589: The city of Thaton and Pegu (Bago) are believed to have been established in the 9th century. The states were important trading ports between Indian Ocean and mainland Southeast Asia. Still, according to traditional reconstruction, the early Mon city-states were conquered by the Pagan Kingdom from the north in 1057, and that Thaton's literary and religious traditions helped to mould early Pagan civilisation. Between 1050 and about 1085, Mon craftsmen and artisans helped to build some two thousand monuments at Pagan,

558-672: The earliest evidence of the Burma Mon script (1093). Research from the 2000s argues that the Pyu script was the source of the Burmese script. Though the size and importance of these states are still debated, all scholars accept that during the 11th century, Pagan established its authority in Lower Burma and this conquest facilitated growing cultural exchange, if not with local Mon, then with India and with Theravada stronghold Sri Lanka. From

589-420: The last king of Hariphunchai, was forced to flee south to Lampang . Lamphun was then incorporated into the new Lanna Kingdom. Ai Fa was subsequently appointed king, and King Mangrai began building the fortress Wiang Kum Kam as his new capital. Lamphun is host to one of northern Thailand's most important temples, Wat Phra That Hariphunchai , featured on the reverse of the one-satang coin . The phra that in

620-504: The mid-18th century, the golden age of Hanthawaddy was fondly remembered by the Mon. In 1740, they rose up against a weak Toungoo Dynasty on its last legs, and succeeded in restoring the fallen Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Supported by the French , the upstart kingdom quickly carved out a space for itself in Lower Burma, and continued its push northward. On 23 March 1752, its forces captured Ava, and ended

651-466: The powerful ruler of a great kingdom and would also marry a great man, they raised Camadevi position to be the Princess of Lavo and arranged a coronation for her when she was 14 years old. A marriage was arranged for Camadevi, as she turned 20. She was supposed to marry Ramrat, a prince from the neighboring Kingdom, Ramburi. As she was well known for her beauty, another prince from a Mon kingdom asked

SECTION 20

#1732772441276

682-408: The raft to reach Lavo Kingdom. As the raft reached the kingdom, people were very amazed by the incident. The King and the queen were very pleased about the girl's arrival. They kept her and gave her a new name, which was Camadevi. Camadevi grew up and lived comfortably in the royal court of Lavo Kingdom. After the ruler and his wife were informed by the fortuneteller that this girl had glory to become

713-568: The remains of which today rival the splendors of Angkor Wat . The Mon script is considered to be the source of the Burmese script , the earliest evidence of which was dated to 1058, a year after the Thaton conquest, by the colonial era scholarship. However, research from the 2000s—still a minority view—argues that Mon influence on the interior after Anawrahta's conquest is a greatly exaggerated post-Pagan legend, and that Lower Burma in fact lacked

744-522: The three Mon-speaking regions together but also successfully fended off the northern Burmese -speaking Kingdom of Ava in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424). The war ended in a stalemate but it was a victory for Hanthawaddy as Ava finally gave up its dream of restoring the Pagan Empire. In the years following the war, Pegu occasionally aided Ava's southern vassal states of Prome and Toungoo in their rebellions but carefully avoided getting plunged into

775-554: The title indicates the presence of a Buddha relic , in this case one of his hairs, which was interred in the chedi in 897, which is probably the founding date of the wat. The town is surrounded by lush countryside punctuated by rice fields and orchards of the popular fruit, longan , which is celebrated in a festival every August. The town is in the Ping River valley, between the Thanon Thong Chai Range on

806-573: The west and the Khun Tan Range in the east. Jamadevi Camadevi (also spelled Jamadevi ; IPA: [tʃaːmaˈdeːʋiː]; Pali: Cāmadevī; Thai : จามเทวี , RTGS :  Chammathewi , Mon: စာမ္မာဒေဝဳ, IPA: [t͡ɕaːm.má.tʰeː.wiː] ; 7th-century – 8th-century) was the first monarch and Queen of Hariphunchai (Pali: Haribhuñjaya), which was an ancient Kingdom in the Northern part of nowadays Thailand before its united with

837-533: Was born in 633, reigned in 659 up til 688 and died in 731. As written in the Legend of Cāmadevivaṃsa , it was recorded that she was a scion of the ruler of Lavo Kingdom . But according to the mythology, people believe she was a daughter of a wealthy man named Inta, who lived in Nong Duu village, which is in Pasang district of Lamphun at the present time. When she turned 3 months, she was grabbed and taken away by

868-472: Was captured by a smaller kingdom to the north, Kingdom of Toungoo in 1539 led by King Tabinshwehti and his deputy Gen. Bayinnaung . Toungoo captured the Irrawaddy delta and Pegu in 1538–1539, and Martaban in 1541. The kingdom was briefly revived in 1550 after Tabinshwehti was assassinated. But Bayinnaung quickly defeated the rebellion in 1552. Though Toungoo kings would rule all of Lower Burma well into

899-505: Was crowned to be the ruler of the Haripunchai. She was already pregnant before leaving Lavo and gave birth to 2 sons 7 days after the coronation. Her first son was named Mahantayot and her second son Anantayot. Camadevi reigned until 688 before Hanayos took over. She left her role in the government and changed to preserve Buddhism instead when she turned 60. She died in 731 when she was 89 years old. After her death, Hanayos arranged

930-461: Was ruled by the Khmer Empire and a significant portion of the inhabitants fled west to present-day Lower Burma and eventually founded new polities. Another Mon-speaking state Haripuñjaya also existed in northern Thailand down to the late 13th century. According to colonial period scholarship, the Mon established small polities (or large city-states) in Lower Burma in the 9th century. Both

961-456: Was written that Prince Ramrat was ordained at that time. Since her husband was not with her, the invitation was sent from Haripunchai, asking her to be in charge. According to the mythology, she accepted the offer because the citizens were in trouble and that the city needed a leader. She also wanted to repay Suthewa Rusi for his kindness for raising her when she was young. It took her 7 months to reach Haripunchai by boat. After arriving, Camadevi

Lamphun - Misplaced Pages Continue

#275724