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29-527: Archeological investigations carried out in the region of Łańcut confirm the existence of human settlements from about 4000 years B.C. The first owner of the town was Otton ( z Pilczy ) Pilecki, who was given the Łańcut estate by the Polish king , Casimir III the Great , in 1349, as a reward for his service. At the same time, the king also granted Łańcut its city rights according to Magdeburg law . In 1381 Łańcut

58-581: A lavish lifestyle. The Music Festival in Łańcut has been an annual event since 1961. The Festival is a series of modern and classical music concerts performed by distinguished European soloists, ensembles and choirs. Łańcut is located on the main West-East European E40 Highway , which goes from Calais in France via Belgium , across Germany , Poland , Ukraine and on to Russia and Kazakhstan . Other Polish cities located by

87-508: A railway station, located at Kolejowa Street 1. It is on the main line, Kraków Main station — Medyka . The line then continues on to Ukraine. The bus station is located at the crossroads of Kościuszko Street and Sikorski Street. The most notable sports club is basketball team Sokół Łańcut  [ pl ] , which competes since 2022/2023 in the Polish Basketball League , Poland's highest level league. Łańcut

116-542: A thriving Jewish community constituting about one-third of the city population. In 1939 there were 2,750 Jews in Łańcut. The 10th Mounted Rifle Regiment of the Polish Army was stationed in Łańcut in the interbellum . During the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II, on September 9, 1939, Łańcut was a place of fierce defense by Poles under the command of Colonel Stanisław Maczek , who would become one of

145-499: Is twinned with: List of Polish monarchs Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries). The first Polish ruler whose existence is not debatable was Duke Mieszko I , who adopted Christianity under

174-419: Is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łańcut County , Subcarpathian Voivodeship , in south-eastern Poland . Its seat is the village of Żołynia , which lies approximately 15 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Łańcut and 28 km (17 mi) north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów . The gmina covers an area of 56.8 square kilometres (21.9 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population

203-526: Is situated in the centre of the town and constructed in the style of a grand aristocratic palace-residence. It was last owned until 1944 by the Potocki family , and made infamous in late 16th century during the times of Stanisław Stadnicki , who was known as 'the Devil of Łańcut' (Polish: diabeł łańcucki) for his violent behaviour. After 1775 the palace was owned by Izabella Lubomirska , who extended it and had

232-575: The Grand Duchy of Kraków between 1846 and 1918). The new Kingdom of Poland was proclaimed as an independent state in 1916 with a Regency Council but the monarchy was abolished and a parliamentary republican authority was established when Poland was re-constituted as a sovereign state in 1918 . Most of the legendary Polish rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century and their existence has not been determined. The three direct predecessors of Mieszko I are known only from

261-531: The Lubomirski family in Łańcut. Count Alfred Wojciech Potocki , a grandson and heir of the Duchess, started to run the Łańcut and Lwów Lubomirski estates in 1823. He modernised the management of these properties. The distillery has changed ownership several times and now exists under the name of Polmos Łańcut . It is well known for producing flavoured and sweetened vodkas. Jews began to settle in Łańcut in

290-529: The stuccoist Giovanni Battista Falconi, in order to build a fortified residence in the town, Łańcut Castle , completed in 1641 and reconstructed many times since. Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski , fearing attack from the Swedes, further strengthened the fortifications. To perform these works he employed Tylman van Gameren , a Dutchman and one of the most prominent foreign architects to ever work in Poland. The castle

319-585: The 16th century: the earliest mention of a settler is 1554. The landowner Stanisław Lubomirski employed a Jewish factor for his Łańcut estate in 1629. in 1707 the Council of Four Lands (the Polish Jewish parliament). met in Łańcut. A wooden synagogue burnt down in 1716 and new brick synagogue was commenced in 1726. The project was supported by the Lubomirski family and the synagogue, which still stands,

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348-468: The 1830s, Ignacy Łukasiewicz , Polish pharmacist and inventor, known as the pioneer of the world's petroleum industry, was an apprentice in a pharmacy in Łańcut. At that time he joined the Polish secret resistance movement , and the Austrian police conducted the first investigation against him. At the end of the 18th century, Duchess Izabela Lubomirska established a distillery on the vast estate of

377-634: The E40 highway are Wrocław , Opole , Katowice , Kraków , Tarnów , Rzeszów and Przemyśl . The nearest airport is Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport located in the village of Jasionka, north of Rzeszów . It is about 18 kilometres (11 miles) north-west of Łańcut on the A881 and takes about 25–30 minutes by car. Scheduled passenger services include flights to: Warsaw ( WAW ), Dublin , London ( Stansted ), Bristol , UK, Birmingham , UK, New York City ( JFK Airport , and Newark Liberty International Airport ). Łańcut has

406-805: The Polish heroes of World War II. During the subsequent German occupation , the Einsatzgruppe I entered the town between September 17 and October 5, 1939, to commit various atrocities against Poles . In November 1939, the Germans deceitfully requested the presence of Polish intelligentsia from the town and county at a supposed conference on the county's economic matters, at which they then arrested over 200 people, including local officials, teachers and priests (see Intelligenzaktion ). Some of them were imprisoned in Rzeszów along with Poles from other towns of

435-624: The account of Gallus Anonymus , who wrote the oldest Polish chronicle, Gesta principum Polonorum at the beginning of the 12th century. Though their historicity was once debatable, now historians tend to consider them actually existing rulers. See the List of rulers of Partitioned Poland This is a family tree of the Kings of Poland . a [REDACTED] king of Poland [REDACTED] high duke [REDACTED] duke Timeline of Polish history Gmina %C5%BBo%C5%82ynia Gmina Żołynia

464-544: The authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son, Bolesław I the Brave , who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty Piast dynasty , consisting of both kings such as Mieszko II Lambert , Przemysł II or Władysław I the Elbow-high and dukes like Bolesław III Wrymouth . The dynasty's rule over Poland ceased with

493-761: The coalition forces to victory at Vienna in 1683 and he partially recaptured land from the Ottoman Empire . However, the years that followed were not as successful. The long and ineffective rule of the Wettin dynasty ( Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III ) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of Saxony and the Russian Empire . Additional feuds with rebel nobility ( szlachta ) and most notably Stanislaus I Leszczyński and France diminished

522-574: The community survived. The Germans executed several Poles in the town for rescuing Jews , while at least one Polish man managed to escape and survive. There is also a well-known case where a Jewish family from Łańcut was hidden from the Germans by the Polish Ulma family in the nearby village of Markowa . In 1944 the Germans discovered the hideout and murdered the Polish family and two hidden Jewish families, 16 people in total, including children. The town's architecture avoided significant damage during

551-546: The death of Casimir III the Great in 1370. In the same year, the Capetian House of Anjou became the ruling house with Louis I as king of both Poland and Hungary . His daughter, Jadwiga , later married Jogaila, the pagan Grand Duke of Lithuania , who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as Władysław II Jagiełło , thus creating the Jagiellonian dynasty and a personal union between Poland and Lithuania . During

580-467: The influence of Poland–Lithuania in the region, which led to the partitions that occurred under King Stanislaus II Augustus , yet another enlightened , but ineffective monarch. The last true sovereign of Poland was Frederick Augustus I as Duke of Warsaw , who throughout his political career attempted to rehabilitate the Polish state. Following the Napoleonic Wars , many sovereigns claimed

609-542: The interiors remodelled. The palace is currently a museum particularly well known for its large collection of historic carriages. Since 1961, a well-known classical music festival is held there annually. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland , Łańcut became part of the Austrian Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria where it remained until 1918 when it became part of reborn independent Poland . In

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638-517: The introduction of the Golden Liberty system and Stephen Báthory , a capable military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the Vasa dynasty initially expanded the Commonwealth as the arts and crafts developed, as well as trade and commerce. King Sigismund III Vasa , a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in

667-478: The region. A temporary prisoner-of-war camp for Polish soldiers was operated in Łańcut in 1939, and around 25,000 people were held there in mid-November 1939. Nevertheless, the Polish resistance movement was organized in the town, and since May 1940, underground Polish newspaper Odwet was distributed in Łańcut. From 1942 onwards the German occupiers began transportation and murder of the Jewish community; very few of

696-740: The reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Sigismund I the Old , culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the Polish Renaissance , continued until the Union of Lublin under Sigismund II Augustus , which unofficially marked the end of the Polish Golden Age . After the death of the last Jagiellonian king, the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth became an elective monarchy with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as Henry III of France , who witnessed

725-429: The successful capture of Moscow and the loss of Livonia to Sweden . His son, Władysław IV Vasa , fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until his death, unlike John II Casimir whose tragic rule resulted in his abdication . The election of John III Sobieski to the Polish throne proved to be beneficial for the Commonwealth. A brilliant military tactician, John III led

754-652: The title of Polish king, duke or ruler, notably German (the King of Prussia was also the sovereign of the Grand Duchy of Posen 1815-1918), Russian (the Congress Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1815 with the widely unrecognized title of King of Poland to the Emperor of Russia until 1915) and Austrian emperors (the Emperor of Austria was sovereign of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria between 1772 and 1918, and

783-546: The war. The last owner of Łańcut, Alfred Antoni Potocki, (14 June 1886 – 30 March 1958), was one of the richest men in prewar Poland , accumulating a fantastic collection of art during his tenancy. Shortly before the arrival of the Red Army in 1944, he loaded 11 railway carriages of a specially chartered train to Vienna , with his most valuable possessions (about 700 boxes of movable property) and fled to Liechtenstein . Most of these valuables were gradually sold off to finance

812-685: Was completed in 1761 (see below). Local Jewish cemeteries are the resting place of the famous Rabbi Zvi Naftali Horowitz , the Grand Rabbi of Ropczyce and Rabbi Ahron Moshe Leifer, the Grand Rabbi of Żołynia . Every year, followers of the Hasidic Judaism come to pray at their graves. Within interwar Poland , Łańcut was a county seat administratively located in the Lwów Voivodeship . Prior to World War II , Łańcut had

841-497: Was officially named a ‘town’ for the first time, by Otton Pilecki, in the foundation charter of the town. Łańcut remained under the ownership of the Pilecki family up to 1586. The city was then owned consecutively by aristocratic Polish families of Stadnicki, Lubomirski , and Potocki . Łańcut was purchased by Stanisław Lubomirski in 1629, at which time he secured the services of architect Matteo ( Polish : ‘Maciej’ ) Trapola and

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