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39-533: Most European settlements of the county began in 1816, when Drummond, Beckwith and Bathurst townships were named and initially surveyed. The first farm north of the Rideau was cleared and settled somewhat earlier, in 1790. The county took its name from the town of Lanark in Scotland . Nearly all the townships were named after British public and military figures from the era of early settlement. In 1824, Lanark County

78-467: A new station near the main entrance. The aeroplanes were transported to the meeting by rail, as aviation technology at the time was not advanced enough to safely fly there. The Lanark meeting took place shortly after a similar event in Bournemouth at which Charles Rolls died. Influenced by this, it was decided that no aircraft would fly closer than 300 yards (270 m) away from the spectators. For

117-639: A population density of 25.4/km (65.7/sq mi) in 2021. The county is one of the top centres of maple syrup production in Ontario and describes itself as "The Maple Syrup Capital of Ontario". There are two provincial parks in Lanark County: Murphy's Point Provincial Park on Big Rideau Lake and Silver Lake Provincial Park along Highway 7 near the west end of the county. The Rideau Trail and Trans-Canada Trail both go through Lanark County. There are also several conservation areas run by

156-456: A rare fern, blunt-lobed woodsia . Cliff Bennett provides a list of 26 routes for canoe and kayak exploration of the county. From the census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Lanark County had a population of 75,760 living in 31,909 of its 35,441 total private dwellings, a change of 10.3% from its 2016 population of 68,698 . With a land area of 2,986.71 km (1,153.18 sq mi), it had

195-646: A reception party in the town's Memorial Hall on the Friday night, where children perform songs and dances. William Wallace is one of the most notable people in Lanark's history. A key leader in the Scottish Wars of Independence , he is known to have first "drawn his sword to free his native land" at Lanark in 1297 , killing the English sheriff Haselrig. An 8-foot statue of Wallace sits on St Nicholas Church at

234-558: A royal burgh in 1140, giving it certain mercantile privileges relating to government and taxation . David I realised that greater prosperity could result from encouraging trade. He decided to create a chain of new towns across Scotland. These would be centres of Norman civilisation in a largely Celtic country, and would be established in such a way as to encourage the development of trade within their area. These new towns were to be known as Burghs. Bastides were established in France for much

273-562: Is little industry in Lanark and some residents commute to work in Glasgow and Edinburgh . Its shops serve the local agricultural community and surrounding villages. There is a large modern livestock auction market on the outskirts of the town. The town's name is believed to come from the Cumbric Lanerc meaning "clear space, glade". Lanark has served as an important market town since medieval times, and King David I made it

312-701: The European Parliament . There are 14 historical closes or vennels in the town - alleyways allowing access to the High street. Some are named after an original shop owner, one is named Wallace close as it depicts key moments of William Wallace's life in Lanark Visitors to the town can visit the nearby World Heritage Site of New Lanark , close to the Falls of Clyde , the Corehouse estate and

351-783: The Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority , the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority , and the Mississippi Madawaska Land Trust. The K&P rail trail goes through the northwest corner of the county. Lanark Lanark ( / ˈ l æ n ər k / LAN -ərk ; Scottish Gaelic : Lannraig [ˈl̪ˠaun̪ˠɾɪkʲ] ; Scots : Lanrik ) is a town in South Lanarkshire , Scotland, located 20 kilometres to

390-473: The Ottawa River . The landscape is varied including Canadian Shield (with gneiss , granite and marble ) as well as limestone plains, with a variety of tills, sands and clays left from the melting of glaciers in the last ice age. At the time of settlement, most of the county was covered in temperate deciduous forest; the dominant forest trees included maple , hemlock , oak and beech . Some of

429-676: The Parliament of the Province of Canada , referred to as the County of Lanark, until Renfrew gained its own seat in 1853. The separation of Renfrew from Lanark began in 1861, with the creation of a Provisional Municipal Council that held its first meeting in June 1861. The United Counties were dissolved in August 1866. Smiths Falls is a separated town and is for municipal purposes not part of

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468-584: The Scottish Wildlife Trust's Corehouse Nature Reserve . The Lanark Museum is located in West Port, inside the YMCA building. A large boating lake, Lanark Loch , adjoins Lanark Golf Club which has a lovely and historic 18 hole course for more experienced golf players and a 9-hole golf course. The former racecourse now offers pony-trekking activities. The town's Castlebank Park lies near

507-590: The Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario , as well as parts of the American states of New York and Vermont . Today, the remains of the sea include the St. Lawrence Seaway , Lake Champlain , Lake of Two Mountains on the lower Ottawa River , the lower Saguenay River , as well as other lakes, islands and shores. The mass of ice from the continental ice sheets had depressed the rock beneath it over millennia. At

546-657: The Carleton Place Hackberry stand. Also of interest is an old shoreline which crosses the county diagonally, approximately from Almonte in the northeast to Perth in the southwest. This shoreline was formed about 12,000 years ago near the end of the last ice age when much of the Ottawa Valley was inundated by the Champlain Sea . Many areas below this old shoreline are flat clay plains, with occasional outcrops of gneiss or limestone ridges. Some of

585-593: The Champlain Sea called Gilbert Gulf. The remaining glaciers fed the sea during that time, making it more brackish than typical seawater. It is estimated that the sea was as much as 150 metres (490 ft) above the level of today's Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. The best evidence of this former sea is the vast clay plain deposited along the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers. This resulted in distinctive forest types, and large wetlands. Other modern evidence of

624-697: The Lord Cornets past and present as they inspect the border-stones. Traditionally, the townspeople carry "birks" (Scots for "sticks of birch"), which are small branches of birch trees cut from the woods at the Glenburnie estate. This tradition was started in 1948 by Joseph Doolan, whose family owned the land. The other half of the boundary is inspected on the Wednesday night, again led by the Lord Cornet accompanied by many local riders who participate in

663-744: The Riding of the Marches, locally referred to as the Rideout. On the Thursday morning, schools and other organisations parade before the Lanimer Queen in themed dress, accompanied by pipe bands . The best Lanimer Lorries win prizes, and after the parade the crowning of the Queen takes place on a temporary stand erected in front of St Nicholas' Church, under the statue of William Wallace . The Queen holds

702-701: The SNP, who defeated the Labour incumbent Karen Gillon in the 2011 election after Gillon had held the seat since 1999. In Westminster elections , Lanark is part of the Lanark and Hamilton East constituency. Labour's Jimmy Hood represented the area in Parliament from 1987 until 2015; since then the MP has been Angela Crawley . Prior to Brexit in 2020, the town was part of the Scotland constituency which elected six MEPs to

741-416: The bottom of the high street. The church bell is believed to date from 1110, and may be one of the oldest church bells in the world. It was moved from The Old Church of St Kentigern when St. Nicholas Church was built in 1774. It has been recast four times, including 1659 and 1983. There is an 8-foot (2.45 m) statue of William Wallace in the steeple. This was sculpted by Robert Forrest, from an ancient drawing in

780-690: The county. It is mostly located in Lanark, while its southern part was annexed from the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville . The county is located in the sub-region of Southern Ontario named Eastern Ontario . Geologically, the northern part of the county is in the Canadian Shield and the southern part is in the Great Lakes Basin . The county has two large rivers, the Mississippi and Rideau , each of which empty into

819-497: The distinctive southern animals in the county include five-lined skinks (Ontario's only species of lizard), black ratsnakes and southern flying squirrels . Unusual southern plants include arrow arum , a nationally rare wetland plant found near Mississippi Lake. The south-facing cliffs over Big Rideau Lake , including Foley Mountain , have a slightly warmer climate, and therefore support an unusual southern flora including shagbark hickory , tall cinquefoil ( Potentilla arguta ) and

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858-494: The east of Lanark Tolbooth on a permanent basis. One of the churches in the town bears the name of The Old Church of St Kentigern (perhaps better known as St Mungo ), who set up many medieval churches in the Scottish Lowlands , including Glasgow , and died c.612 AD. The town's cemetery stands on the site of The Old Church of St Kentigern, and includes many Covenanter graves. St. Nicholas Parish Church stands at

897-468: The end of the last glacial period, while the rock was still depressed, the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa River valleys, as well as modern Lake Champlain , at that time Lake Vermont , were below sea level and flooded with rising worldwide sea levels, once the ice no longer prevented the ocean from flowing into the region. As the land gradually rose again, in the process known as isostatic rebound ,

936-620: The first time, aeroplanes were accurately timed over a straight measured distance, allowing the first world records to be set, covering flights over 1 mile (1.6 km). The meeting was described by The Aero magazine as 'the most successful yet held in Britain'. A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of Winston Barracks in the 1930s. On 29 June 1953, Queen Elizabeth II visited Lanark to mark her coronation. The citizens of Lanark form part of various different constituencies. In local elections, they are

975-581: The former site of Lanark Castle , and allows access to the River Clyde and the Clyde Walkway . An ornate gas lamp, known as the provost 's lamp stands at the bottom of the High Street. After the burgh council was abolished in 1975, the provost's lamp, which had historically been placed outside the house of the provost as one of their marks of office, was relocated to the pavement just to

1014-684: The higher ridges in the west of the county were likely once natural fire barrens, with a distinctive fauna and flora. The clearance of forests began with early settlement, at which time one of the important exports from the area was potash , made from the ashes of the trees burned in clearing. The natural diversity of the landscape supports over 1,200 species of plants in the county flora. Seventeen areas have been documented as outstanding examples of plant diversity; these include Blueberry Mountain, Burnt Lands Alvar, Clay Bank Alvar, Christie Lake, Murphy's Point Provincial Park and Almonte Town Park. The county also has 47 provincially significant wetlands. Some of

1053-752: The lake was in southern Quebec where outcrops of the Canadian Shield form Eardley Escarpment . This escarpment still has distinctive plants that may date back to the era when the sea existed. The Eardley Escarpment is known locally as the Gatineau Hills . It is part of the Mattawa fault at the southeastern edge of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben , in Eastern Ontario and the Outaouais region of Quebec , more commonly known as

1092-730: The largest are Blueberry Marsh (north of Perth), the Innisville Wetlands (upstream of Mississippi Lake) and the Goodwood Marsh south of Carleton Place. In addition to David White's list of 17 areas of plant diversity, Paul Keddy lists 17 special places in the county. Both lists have the Burnt Lands Alvar, the Christie Lake Barrens and Murphy's Point Provincial Park . Keddy's list adds areas such as Playfairville Rapids, Lavant/Darling Spillway and

1131-645: The main component of the Clydesdale North ward which elects three representatives to South Lanarkshire Council . In elections to the Scottish Parliament , Lanark elects its representatives as part of the Clydesdale constituency , and also contributes to the election of seven additional list members as part of the South of Scotland region . The current Clydesdale MSP is Aileen Campbell of

1170-473: The north of Scotland each feu was 24 feet 10 inches (7.57 m) wide and 429 feet (131 m) deep. The layout of the burgages in Lanark can still be easily seen between the north side of Lanark High Street (the former market place) and North Vennel, a lane which runs behind the burgages. A motte and bailey castle was also constructed at the bottom of Castlegate. Lanark had four town gates, West Port, East port, Wellgate and Castlegate. West Port gate

1209-655: The possession of the Society of Antiquaries. This historic background forms the basis for the Lanark Lanimers , which take place each year for one week in June. Local primary schoolchildren elect a Lanimers queen and court; and a Lord Cornet is chosen from local businessmen. On the Monday night the Perambulation of the Marches takes place, when townspeople turn out to walk around half the town boundary, following

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1248-493: The same reason. When a site had been selected for a new town the King's surveyors would lay out an area for the town's market. Each merchant who came to the town was granted a plot of land (usually rent free for the first few years) bordering on the marketplace. These plots were known as feus or in royal burghs such as Lanark as burgages. Each burgage in a burgh was the same size, though the size varied between burghs. In Forres in

1287-502: The sea can be seen in the form of fossils of whales ( belugas , fin whales , and bowhead whales ), walruses and other pinnipeds, and marine shells that have been found near the cities of Ottawa, Ontario, and Montreal , Quebec. There are also fossils of oceanic fish such as capelin . The Sea also left ancient raised shorelines in the former coastal regions, and the Leda clay deposits in areas of deeper water. The northern shore of

1326-539: The sea coast gradually retreated to its current location. The sea lasted from about 13,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago and was continuously shrinking during that time, since the rebounding continent was slowly rising above sea level. At its peak, the sea extended inland as far south as Lake Champlain and somewhat farther west than the city of Ottawa , Ontario, and farther up the Ottawa River past Pembroke . At one time Glacial Lake Iroquois became an arm of

1365-553: The south-east of Hamilton . The town lies on the River Clyde , at its confluence with Mouse Water . In 2016, the town had a population of 9,050. Lanark was a royal burgh from 1140 to 1975, and was historically the county town of Lanarkshire , though in modern times this title belongs to Hamilton. Notable landmarks nearby include New Lanark , the Corra Linn and the site of Lanark Castle . Lanark railway station and bus interchange have frequent services to Glasgow . There

1404-634: The town cross dating back to 1817 which was sculpted by Carluke-born Robert Forrest . Other notable figures from Lanark include: Champlain Sea The Champlain Sea ( French : Mer de Champlain ) was a prehistoric inlet of the Atlantic Ocean into the North American continent , created by the retreating ice sheets during the closure of the last glacial period . The inlet once included lands in what are now

1443-476: The two remained united for electoral purposes. By 1845, all lands in the District had been surveyed into the following townships: In 1851, the township of Pakenham was transferred from Renfrew to Lanark. Effective January 1, 1850, Bathurst District was abolished, and the "United Counties of Lanark and Renfrew" replaced it for municipal and judicial purposes. The counties remained united for electoral purposes in

1482-511: Was demolished in the 1770s. The first aviation meeting to be held in Scotland was held at Lanark Racecourse between 6 and 13 August 1910. This location was chosen because the land was relatively flat, the racecourse already had facilities for a paying public, there were stables to act as hangars for the aeroplanes and the racecourse was accessible by both road and by rail, especially as The Caledonian Railway Company were prepared to construct

1521-487: Was severed from Carleton County in Bathurst District , and it consisted of the following townships and lands: together with all the unsurveyed lands within the District of Bathurst, and such Islands in the Ottawa River as are wholly or in greater part opposite to the said townships and unsurveyed land When Carleton was withdrawn from the District in 1838, Renfrew County was severed from part of Lanark, but

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