22-638: Langdell can refer to: Christopher Columbus Langdell (1826 – 1906), an American jurist and law academic Langdell Professor of Law, a title held by American legal scholar Martha Field at Harvard Law School Tim Langdell, who founded the American video game company Edge Games in 1979 Langdell Hall , a building in the Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. Topics referred to by
44-580: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Christopher Columbus Langdell Christopher Columbus Langdell (May 22, 1826 – July 6, 1906) was an American jurist and legal academic who was Dean of Harvard Law School from 1870 to 1895. As a professor and administrator, he pioneered the casebook method of instruction, which has since been widely adopted in American law schools and adapted for other professional disciplines, such as business, public policy, and education. He has been referred to as "arguably
66-679: Is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States . It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams , John Hancock , James Bowdoin , Andrew Oliver , and other Founding Fathers of the United States . It is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts . Membership in the academy is achieved through a petition, review, and election process. The academy's quarterly journal, Dædalus ,
88-636: Is published by the MIT Press on behalf of the academy, and has been open-access since January 2021. The academy also conducts multidisciplinary public policy research. Laurie L. Patton will become President of the Academy in January 2025. The Academy was established by the Massachusetts legislature on May 4, 1780, charted in order "to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance
110-548: The National Humanities Center in North Carolina . In the late 1990s, the Academy developed a new strategic plan, focusing on four major areas: science, technology, and global security; social policy and education; humanities and culture; and education. In 2002, the Academy established a visiting scholars program in association with Harvard University . More than 75 academic institutions from across
132-484: The Proceedings followed in 1846. In the 1950s, the Academy launched its journal Daedalus , reflecting its commitment to a broader intellectual and socially-oriented program. Since the second half of the twentieth century, independent research has become a central focus of the Academy. In the late 1950s, arms control emerged as one of its signature concerns. The Academy also served as the catalyst in establishing
154-411: The Academy that equips researchers, policymakers, universities, foundations, museums, libraries, humanities councils, and other public institutions with statistical tools for answering basic questions about primary and secondary humanities education, undergraduate and graduate education in the humanities , the humanities workforce, levels and sources of program funding, public understanding and impact of
176-517: The available materials of that science are contained in printed books". He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1870 and received the degree of LL.D. in 1875. Langdell resigned the deanship in 1895, in 1900 became Dane Professor Emeritus, and on July 6, 1906, died in Cambridge . In 1903 a chair in the law school was named in his honor and after his death the school's primary academic building, housing both
198-1148: The beginning, the membership, nominated and elected by peers, has included not only scientists and scholars, but also writers and artists as well as representatives from the full range of professions and public life. Throughout the Academy's history, 10,000 fellows have been elected, including such notables as John Adams , John James Audubon , Sissela Bok , Willa Cather , T. S. Eliot , Duke Ellington , Josiah Willard Gibbs , Joseph Henry , Washington Irving , Thomas Jefferson , Edward R. Murrow , Martha Nussbaum , J. Robert Oppenheimer , Augustus Saint-Gaudens , Jonas Salk and Eudora Welty . International honorary members have included Jose Antonio Pantoja Hernandez, Albert Einstein , Leonhard Euler , Marquis de Lafayette , Alexander von Humboldt , Leopold von Ranke , Charles Darwin , Carl Friedrich Gauss , Otto Hahn , Jawaharlal Nehru , Pablo Picasso , Liu Guosong , Lucian Michael Freud , Luis Buñuel , Galina Ulanova , Werner Heisenberg , Alec Guinness , Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala , Menahem Yaari , Yitzhak Apeloig , Zvi Galil , Haim Harari , and Sebastião Salgado . Astronomer Maria Mitchell
220-524: The chair of Dane Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. Langdell accepted the offer and soon after became Dean of the Law Faculty, succeeding Theophilus Parsons , to whose Treatise on the Law of Contracts (1853) he had contributed as a student. As Dean he introduced sweeping changes to the curriculum of the Law school, extending the length of the academic programme from one to three years and replacing
242-554: The country have become Affiliates of the Academy to support this program and other Academy initiatives. The Academy has sponsored a number of awards and prizes, throughout its history and has offered opportunities for fellowships and visiting scholars at the Academy. In July 2013, the Boston Globe exposed then president Leslie Berlowitz for falsifying her credentials, faking a doctorate, and consistently mistreating her staff. Berlowitz subsequently resigned. A project of
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#1732772549196264-595: The curriculum Langdell instituted. Langdell, who came from a relatively unknown family, was conscious of the fact that students from more privileged backgrounds often received higher grades in their coursework purely because of their family's wealth and social status. Dean Langdell instituted the process of blind grading , now common at U.S. law schools, so that students already known by professors or from esteemed families would have no advantage over others. Attribution: American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences ( The Academy )
286-1507: The humanities, and other areas of concern in the humanities community. It is modeled on the Science and Engineering Indicators, published biennially by the National Science Board as required by Congress . Charter members of the Academy were John Adams , Samuel Adams , John Bacon , James Bowdoin, Charles Chauncy , John Clarke , David Cobb , Samuel Cooper , Nathan Cushing , Thomas Cushing , William Cushing , Tristram Dalton , Francis Dana , Samuel Deane , Perez Fobes, Caleb Gannett, Henry Gardner, Benjamin Guild , John Hancock , Joseph Hawley , Edward Augustus Holyoke , Ebenezer Hunt, Jonathan Jackson , Charles Jarvis, Samuel Langdon , Levi Lincoln , Daniel Little, Elijah Lothrup, John Lowell , Samuel Mather, Samuel Moody, Andrew Oliver , Joseph Orne, Theodore Parsons, George Partridge , Robert Treat Paine , Phillips Payson, Samuel Phillips , John Pickering, Oliver Prescott , Zedekiah Sanger, Nathaniel Peaslee Sargeant , Micajah Sawyer, Theodore Sedgwick , William Sever, David Sewall , Stephen Sewall , John Sprague, Ebenezer Storer, Caleb Strong , James Sullivan , John Bernard Sweat, Nathaniel Tracy, Cotton Tufts , James Warren , Samuel West, Edward Wigglesworth , Joseph Willard , Abraham Williams, Nehemiah Williams, Samuel Williams, and James Winthrop . From
308-528: The interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people." The sixty-two incorporating fellows represented varying interests and high standing in the political, professional, and commercial sectors of the state. The first class of new members, chosen by the Academy in 1781, included Benjamin Franklin and George Washington as well as several international honorary members. The initial volume of Academy Memoirs appeared in 1785, and
330-416: The long fight for the development of the elective system." Dean Langdell's greatest innovation was his introduction of the case method of instruction. Until 1890, no other U.S. law school used this method, which is now standard. Moreover, the standard first-year curriculum at all American law schools — Contracts , Property , Torts , Criminal Law , and Civil Procedure — stands, mostly unchanged, from
352-403: The most influential teacher in the history of professional education in the United States". Dean Langdell's legacy lies in the educational and administrative reforms he made to Harvard Law School , a task he was entrusted with by President Charles Eliot . Before Langdell's tenure the study of law was a rather technical pursuit in which students were simply told what the law is. Langdell applied
374-541: The old-style lecture system with a new system of tuition which required a significantly greater level of engagement and input from students. He rejected the tradition in English-speaking countries of learning law by professional apprenticeship, in favor of the European tradition of a university education. He insisted that law teaching had to be supported by an extensive law library, for "law is a science" and "all
396-491: The principles of pragmatism to the teaching of law as a result of which students were compelled to use their own reasoning powers to understand how the law might apply in a given case. This dialectical process came to be called the case method and has been the primary method of pedagogy at American law schools ever since. The case method has since been adopted and improved upon by schools in other disciplines, such as business, public policy, and education. Christopher Langdell
418-413: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Langdell . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Langdell&oldid=1184672217 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
440-538: The world's largest academic law library and classrooms, was named Langdell Hall . Langdell made the Harvard Law School a success by remodeling its administration. In a private correspondence of April 13, 1915, Charles W. Eliot wrote: "the putting of Langdell in charge of the Law School was the best piece of work I did for Harvard University, except the reconstruction of the Medical school in [18]70 and [18]71, and
462-483: Was born in the town of New Boston, New Hampshire , of English and Scots-Irish ancestry. He studied at Phillips Exeter Academy in 1845–48, at Harvard College in 1848–50 and at Harvard Law School in 1851–54. As a student, he served as one of the Harvard Law School's first librarians. From 1854 to 1870 he practiced law in New York City . In January 1870 he received an invitation from Charles Eliot to take up
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#1732772549196484-530: Was the first woman elected to the Academy, in 1848. The current membership encompasses over 5,700 members based across the United States and around the world. Academy members include more than 250 Nobel laureates and more than 60 Pulitzer Prize winners. Of the Academy's 14,343 members since 1780, 1,406 are or have been affiliated with Harvard University, 611 with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 433 with Yale University, 425 with
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