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26-515: The bridge was closed in July 2012 for maintenance and upgrading. The reopening was put off several times, but it partially reopened in February 2015. The bridge is now fully accessible. The curved cable-stayed bridge is 125 meters (410 ft) long and nominally 1.8 meters (5.9 ft) wide, in five 25 m (82 ft) sections: a wider curved central section connected on each end symmetrically to

52-458: A curved section followed by a straight section. It has steel railings as well as steel wire meshes on both sides of the bridge. It was designed by Peter Wyss as a curved walkway to maximise the viewing experience, providing shifting perspective as a visitor walks along the bridge. The walkway, formed of steel and concrete panels set on top of an inverted triangular truss, connects two hilltops at Gunung Mat Chinchang. The first 25 m (82 ft) of

78-583: A smaller footprint on the ground), though at the price of increased height, and consequently have uses in areas where space is at a premium; several Kamov designs are used in naval roles, being capable of operating from confined spaces on the decks of ships, including ships other than aircraft carriers (an example being the Kara-class cruisers of the Russian navy, which carry a Ka-25 'Hormone' helicopter as part of their standard equipment). Another benefit

104-743: A steep and less secure mountain track between the Top Station and the Sky Bridge. The last scene of the 2006 Indian movie Don: The Chase Begins Again was filmed here. The 2007 Tamil movie Billa starring Ajith Kumar was also filmed here. Kamov JSC Kamov ( Russian : Камов ) is a rotorcraft manufacturing company based in Lyubertsy , Russia. The Kamov Design Bureau ( design office prefix Ka) has more recently specialised in compact helicopters with coaxial rotors , suitable for naval service and high-speed operations. Kamov

130-402: A “Basic Helicopter Handbook”. One of the chapters in it is titled, “Some Hazards of Helicopter Flight'. Ten hazards have been listed to indicate what a typical single rotor helicopter has to deal with. The coaxial rotor design either reduces or completely eliminates many of these hazards. The following list indicates which: The reduction and elimination of these hazards are the strong points for

156-735: Is a feature of helicopters produced by the Russian Kamov helicopter design bureau . The idea of coaxial rotors originates with Mikhail Lomonosov . He had developed a small helicopter model with coaxial rotors in July 1754 and demonstrated it to the Russian Academy of Sciences . In 1859, the British Patent Office awarded the first helicopter patent to Henry Bright for his coaxial design. From this point, coaxial helicopters developed into fully operational machines as we know them today. Two pioneering helicopters,

182-419: Is an aerodynamic phenomenon caused by the rotation of a helicopter's rotors in forward flight. Rotor blades provide lift proportional to the amount of air flowing over them. When viewed from above, the rotor blades move in the direction of flight for half of the rotation (advancing half), and then move in the opposite direction for the remainder of the rotation (retreating half). A rotor blade produces more lift in

208-400: Is increased safety on the ground; the absence of a tail rotor eliminates the major source of injuries and fatalities to ground crews and bystanders. There is an increased mechanical complexity of the rotor hub. The linkages and swashplates for two rotor systems need to be assembled atop the mast, which is more complex because of the need to drive two rotors in opposite directions. Because of

234-501: Is possible to have a quad-axis, octorotor airframe thanks to coaxial configuration. Duocopters are characterised by two motors aligned in a vertical axis. The control is performed by the appropriate acceleration of a single rotor blade for targeted thrust generation during revolution. Having more lifting power for a greater payload explains why coaxial multirotors are preferred for nearly all large-payload commercial applications of UAS . The U.S. Department of Transportation has published

260-444: Is tilted from the vertical, at angles of 12° and 2° in two planes, and stabilized by two main back-stay cables, anchored into opposite hillsides. The two ends of the curved bridge deck are connected to two triangular viewing platforms on opposite hilltops. The bridge is designed to carry a up to 250 people. The bridge was pre-fabricated in segments and lifted to the top of the mountain using Russian Kamov helicopters. The entire bridge

286-431: Is used. Common alternatives are single-rotor helicopters or tandem rotor arrangements. One of the problems with any single set of rotor blades is the torque (rotational force) exerted on the helicopter fuselage in the direction opposite to the rotor blades. This torque causes the fuselage to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotor blades. In single rotor helicopters, the antitorque rotor or tail rotor counteracts

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312-529: The Corradino D'Ascanio -built "D'AT3" of 1930, and the generally more successful French mid-1930s Gyroplane Laboratoire , both used coaxial rotor systems for flight. Having two coaxial sets of rotors provides symmetry of forces around the central axis for lifting the vehicle and laterally when flying in any direction. Because of the mechanical complexity, many helicopter designs use alternative configurations to avoid problems that arise when only one main rotor

338-594: The Langkawi Cable Car 's Top Station and the Sky Bridge, taking passengers down to the Sky Bridge. It opened in December 2015. The SkyGlide cabin can accommodate 12 passengers or 1,050 kg (2,310 lb) load per trip, and the ride lasts about two minutes. The ticket for the SkyGlide is sold separately at the Top Station. A cheaper alternative to the SkyGlide is for visitors to walk 10–20 minutes along

364-399: The advancing half. As a blade moves toward the direction of flight, the forward motion of the aircraft increases the speed of the air flowing around the blade until it reaches a maximum when the blade is perpendicular to the relative wind . At the same time, a rotor blade in the retreating half produces less lift. As a blade moves away from the direction of flight, the speed of the airflow over

390-408: The bridge is straight, followed by three curved 25 m (82 ft) sections, then a final straight 25 m (82 ft) section. At each end of the walkway, the bridge has a 3.6m-wide triangular viewing platform that serves as resting and viewing areas for visitors. The curved bridge deck is suspended by four pairs of front-stay cables, connected to outrigger hanging points located at the ends of

416-946: The cost of a limited forward speed, and higher sensitivity to wind. These two factors are especially limiting in outdoor use. Such models are usually fixed-pitch (i.e., the blades cannot be rotated on their axes for different angles of attack), simplifying the model but eliminating the ability to compensate with collective input. Compensating for even the slightest breeze causes the model to climb rather than to fly forward even with full application of cyclic . Multirotor type unmanned aerial vehicles exist in numerous configurations including duocopter, tricopter, quadcopter , hexacopter and octocopter. All of them can be upgraded to coaxial configuration in order to bring more stability and flight time while allowing carrying much more payload without gaining too much weight. Indeed, coaxial multirotors are made by having each arm carrying two motors facing in opposite directions (one up and one down). Therefore, it

442-400: The greater number of moving parts and complexity, the coaxial rotor system is more prone to mechanical faults and possible failure. Coaxial helicopters are also more prone to the "whipping" of blades and blade self-collision, according to critics. The system's inherent stability and quick control response make it suitable for use in small radio-controlled helicopters . These benefits come at

468-450: The main rotor torque and controls the fuselage rotation. Coaxial rotors solve the problem of main rotor torque by turning each set of rotors in opposite directions. The opposite torques from the rotors cancel each other out. Rotational maneuvering, yaw control, is accomplished by increasing the collective pitch of one rotor and decreasing the collective pitch on the other. This causes a controlled dissymmetry of torque. Dissymmetry of lift

494-434: The rotor blade is reduced by an amount equal to the forward speed of the aircraft, reaching its maximum effect when the rotor blade is again perpendicular to the relative wind. Coaxial rotors avoid the effects of dissymmetry of lift through the use of two rotors turning in opposite directions, causing blades to advance on either side at the same time. Another benefit arising from a coaxial design includes increased payload for

520-472: The same engine power; a tail rotor typically wastes some of the available engine power that would be fully devoted to lift and thrust with a coaxial design. Reduced noise is the main advantage of the configuration; some of the loud "spanking" sound associated with conventional helicopters arises from interaction between the airflows from the main and tail rotors, which in some designs can be severe. Also, helicopters using coaxial rotors tend to be more compact (with

546-498: The three curved 25 m (82 ft) sections, in a semi-fan array from the top of an 81.5 m (267 ft) high single pylon. The curved bridge deck hangs with its center of gravity directly below its point of suspension at the pylon head and with the top of the deck at an elevation 660 m (2,170 ft) above sea level. The pylon is anchored onto a concreted pad set at an elevation of 604.5 m (1,983 ft), and its tip reached 686 m (2,251 ft) above sea level. It

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572-419: The wider central curved section so that visitors may look down the valley from where they stand, and an inclined elevator or lift called SkyGlide that brings visitors from the top station down to the bridge. The bridge reopened in February 2015, although access was for a time still limited as the SkyGlide was not finished until December 2015. An inclinator called SkyGlide and a new platform were built linking

598-424: The working cable strung to the pylon. The bridge roughly cost $ 1.2 million to construct. The bridge was constructed in 12 months between August 2003 and August 2004. It was opened to the public in February 2005. In July 2012, the bridge was closed for maintenance, upgrading and structural strengthening. The whole structure would be of stainless steel, and when it is finished, it would have sections of glass walkway in

624-476: Was founded by Nikolai Ilyich Kamov , who started building his first rotary-winged aircraft in 1929, together with N. K. Skrzhinskii . Up to 1940, the year of Kamov plant establishment, they created many autogyros , including the TsAGI A-7-3 , the only armed autogyro to see (limited) combat action. From 2002 AFK Sistema controlled a 51% stake in the company, with MiG controlling the remaining 49%. Kamov

650-458: Was sold to Oboronprom in 2005. Kamov merged with Mil and Rostvertol to form Russian Helicopters . The Kamov brand name was retained, though the new company dropped overlapping product lines. Coaxial rotors A coaxial-rotor aircraft is an aircraft whose rotors are mounted one above the other on concentric shafts, with the same axis of rotation, but turning in opposite directions ( contra-rotating ). This rotor configuration

676-408: Was then assembled in its current position beside the pylon. Helicopters were also used in the erection of the two triangular end platforms, the pylon, and the initial central segment of the deck. Because of instability in the deck segment, the remaining deck segments, of which there were fourteen, were assembled using more conventional working cable and winch system, with a winch at each end platform and

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