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32-627: Lapin Kansa is a morning newspaper published in Lapland , Finland . Media said in 2024, that it will be published 3 times a week (print edition), and 6 times a week for the digital edition. Lapin Kansa was established in 1928. The newspaper is based in Rovaniemi . The owner of the paper is Alma Media . In June 2013 Kaleva publishing house began to publish the daily together with the group's other newspaper Pohjolan Sanomat . Heikki Tuomi-Nikula

64-591: A circulation of 28,992 copies. Lapland (Finland) Lapland's cold and wintry climate, coupled with its relative abundance of conifer trees such as pines and spruces , means that it has become associated with Christmas in some countries, most notably the United Kingdom , and holidays to Lapland are common towards the end of the year. However, the Lapland region has developed its infrastructure for year-round tourism. For example, in 2019, tourism during

96-476: A field of aligned drumlins in central Lapland. Ribbed moraines found in the same area reflects a later west-to-east change in the movement of the ice. During the last deglaciation ice in Lapland retreated from the north-east, east and southeast so that the lower course of the Tornio was the last part of Finland to be deglaciated 10,100 years ago. Present-day periglacial conditions in Lapland are reflected in

128-525: A trend of increasing precipitation towards the south, with the driest parts being located at the two arms. In summer months, the average temperature is consistently over 10°C. Heat waves with daily temperatures exceeding 25°C occur on an average of 5-10 days per summer in northern Finland. The area of Lapland was split between two counties of the Swedish Realm from 1634 to 1809. The northern and western areas were part of Västerbotten County , while

160-619: Is Lake Inari , 1,102 km². The region's highest point is on Halti , which reaches 1,324 m (4,344 ft) on the Finnish side of the border and is the highest point in Finland. The areas of Enontekiö and Utsjoki in northern Lapland are known as Fell-Lapland. The bulk and remaining Lapland is known as Forest-Lapland. Lake Inari , the many fens of the region and the Salla - Saariselkä mountains are all part of Forest-Lapland. Fell-Lapland lies in

192-423: Is also one of the most important tourist destinations in Lapland for foreign tourism. Lapland has been connected with the legendary "North Pole" home of Santa Claus ( Father Christmas or Saint Nicholas ) since 1927, when Finnish radio host Markus Rautio said that Santa Claus lived on Korvatunturi , a fell (mountain) in the region. Later, Rovaniemi staked a claim as Santa's "official hometown" and developed

224-539: Is among the former editors-in-chief of the paper. On 1 October 2008 Johanna Korhonen was appointed the editor-in-chief. However, she was fired immediately after her appointment due to the fact that she was a lesbian . Antti Kokkonen replaced her in the post. In January 2011 the daily changed its format from broadsheet to tabloid. Since 2011 Lapin Kansa has published news and reports in North Sami language in addition to those in Finnish. In 2013 Lapin Kansa had

256-491: Is an inselberg plain . It has been suggested the inselberg plains were formed in the Late Cretaceous or Paleogene period by pediplanation or etchplanation . Relative to southern Finland Lapland stands out for its thick till cover. The hills and mountains are typically made up of resistant rocks like granite , gneiss , quartzite and amphibolite . The ice sheet that covered Finland intermittently during

288-470: Is long, approximately seven months. The snow cover is usually thickest in early April. Soon after that the snow cover starts to melt fast. The thickest snow cover ever was measured in Kilpisjärvi on 19 April 1997 and it was 190 cm. The annual mean temperature varies from a couple of degrees below zero in the northwest to a couple of degrees above zero in the southwest (Kemi-Tornio area). Lapland exhibits

320-524: Is the home of about 3.4% of Finland's total population and is by far the least densely populated area in the country. The biggest towns in Lapland are Rovaniemi (the regional capital), Tornio , and Kemi . In 2011, Lapland had a population of 183,320 of whom 177,950 spoke Finnish , 1,526 spoke Sami , 387 spoke Swedish and 3,467 spoke some other languages as their mother tongue. Of the Sami languages, Northern Sami , Inari Sami and Skolt Sami are spoken in

352-601: The Quaternary grew out from the Scandinavian Mountains . The central parts of the Fennoscandian ice sheet had cold-based conditions during times of maximum extent. This means that in areas like northeast Sweden and northern Finland, pre-existing landforms and deposits escaped glacier erosion and are particularly well preserved at present. Northwest to the southeast movement of the ice has left

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384-612: The Santa Claus Village attraction to encourage tourism. The area of the Lapland region is 100,367 km², which consists of 92,667 km² of dry land, 6,316 km² fresh water and 1,383 km² of seawater. In the south it borders the Northern Ostrobothnia region, in the west, Sweden, in the north and west Norway, and in the east, Russia. Its borders follow three rivers: the Tana , Muonio and Torne . The largest lake

416-592: The fells of the Scandinavian Mountains . It is not made up of barren ground like blockfields but instead has the vegetation of birch forests , willow thickets or heath . Common soil types in Forest-Lapland are till and sand with conifer forests growing on top. These forests show little variation across Lapland. Compared to southern Finland forest tree species grow slower. The understory typically consists of blueberries , lichens , crowberries and lings . The landscape of large parts of Lapland

448-524: The forest canopy without penetrating it to any great extent, but above the forest floor . Only a small percentage of light penetrates the canopy so understory vegetation is generally shade-tolerant . The understory typically consists of trees stunted through lack of light, other small trees with low light requirements, saplings, shrubs, vines and undergrowth. Small trees such as holly and dogwood are understory specialists. In temperate deciduous forests , many understory plants start into growth earlier in

480-768: The 200-seat parliament of Finland. In the 2019 Finnish parliamentary election , three seats went to Centre Party , and the Finns Party , the Left Alliance , the Social Democratic Party and the National Coalition Party got one seat each. The votes were distributed as follows: The northernmost municipalities of Lapland where the Sámi people are the most numerous form the Sámi homeland . Sámi organisation exists in parallel with

512-473: The Laurila–Kelloselkä railway runs from Tornio to Kolari , and the eastern line runs from Keminmaa via Rovaniemi and Kemijärvi to the eastern border of the country at Salla 's Kelloselkä. Understory In forestry and ecology , understory ( American English ), or understorey ( Commonwealth English ), also known as underbrush or undergrowth , includes plant life growing beneath

544-405: The canopy, and the shaded ground does not vary in temperature as much as open ground. This causes a proliferation of ferns , mosses , and fungi and encourages nutrient recycling , which provides favorable habitats for many animals and plants. The understory is the underlying layer of vegetation in a forest or wooded area, especially the trees and shrubs growing between the forest canopy and

576-567: The capital of Lapland, was burned to the ground , with only a few pre-war buildings surviving the destruction. After the Second World War , Petsamo municipality and part of Salla municipality were ceded to the Soviet Union. The decades following the war were a period of rebuilding, industrialisation and fast economic growth. Large hydroelectric plants and mines were established and cities, roads and bridges were rebuilt after

608-538: The course of the year. As a rule forest understories also experience higher humidity than exposed areas. The forest canopy reduces solar radiation, so the ground does not heat up or cool down as rapidly as open ground. Consequently, the understory dries out more slowly than more exposed areas do. The greater humidity encourages epiphytes such as ferns and mosses, and allows fungi and other decomposers to flourish. This drives nutrient cycling , and provides favorable microclimates for many animals and plants , such as

640-677: The destruction of the war. In the late 20th century the economy of Lapland started to decline, mines and factories became unprofitable and the population started to decline rapidly across most of the region. The provinces of Finland were abolished on 1 January 2010, but Lapland was reorganised as one of the new regions that replaced them. The region of Lapland consists of 21 municipalities , four of which have city status (marked in bold). Kemi-Tornio sub-region Rovaniemi sub-region Torne Valley sub-region Eastern Lapland sub-region Northern Lapland sub-region Fell Lapland sub-region Lapland's economy (2012) Lapland

672-425: The end of the leafless season, understory plants take advantage of the shelter of the still leafless canopy plants to "leaf out" before the canopy trees do. This is important because it provides the understory plants with a window in which to photosynthesize without the canopy shading them. This brief period (usually 1–2 weeks) is often a crucial period in which the plant can maintain a net positive carbon balance over

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704-788: The existence of numerous palsas , permafrost landforms developed on peat . The bedrock of Lapland belongs to the Karelian Domain occupying the bulk of the region, the Kola Domain in the northeast around Lake Inari and the Scandinavian Caledonides in the tip of Lapland's northwestern arm. With few exceptions rocks are of Archean and Proterozoic age. Granites , gneiss , metasediments and metavolcanics are common rocks while greenstone belts are recurring features. More rare rock associations include mafic and ultramafic layered intrusions and one of

736-399: The forest floor. Plants in the understory comprise an assortment of seedlings and saplings of canopy trees together with specialist understory shrubs and herbs. Young canopy trees often persist in the understory for decades as suppressed juveniles until an opening in the forest overstory permits their growth into the canopy. In contrast understory shrubs complete their life cycles in

768-403: The provincial one. Three European roads pass through Lapland: E8 , E63 and E75 , the latter of which runs almost 600 kilometres from the southernmost municipality of Simo to the northernmost municipality of Utsjoki . Kemi-Tornio , Rovaniemi , Kittilä , Ivalo and Enontekiö airports are located in Lapland. The flight time from Helsinki is about 1,5 hours. In the western part,

800-427: The region. Pelkosenniemi is the smallest municipality in mainland Finland in terms of population, while Savukoski is sparsely populated in terms of population density . Lapland's population has been in decline since 1990. The 21 municipalities of Lapland are organised into a single region , where they cooperate in the Lapland regional council, Lapin liitto or Lapplands förbund . Lapland has seven seats in

832-724: The shade of the forest canopy. Some smaller tree species, such as dogwood and holly , rarely grow tall and generally are understory trees. The canopy of a tropical forest is typically about 10 m (33 ft) thick, and intercepts around 95% of the sunlight. The understory therefore receives less intense light than plants in the canopy and such light as does penetrate is impoverished in wavelengths of light that are most effective for photosynthesis. Understory plants therefore must be shade tolerant —they must be able to photosynthesize adequately using such light as does reach their leaves. They often are able to use wavelengths that canopy plants cannot. In temperate deciduous forests towards

864-477: The snow-free period grew more than in the winter season. In recent years, Lapland has also become a major tourist destination for world-class celebrities as well as royalty. Rovaniemi is the main regional centre of Lapland, and the Rovaniemi Airport is the second busiest airport in Finland. Besides tourism, other important sectors are trade, manufacturing and construction. Like Rovaniemi, Inari

896-409: The southern areas (so-called Peräpohjola ) were part of Ostrobothnia County (after 1755 Oulu County ). The northern and western areas were transferred in 1809 to Oulu County, which became Oulu Province . Under the royalist constitution of Finland during the first half of 1918, Lapland was to become a Grand Principality and part of the inheritance of the proposed king of Finland . Lapland Province

928-458: The whole civilian population of Lapland was evacuated. The Germans used scorched earth tactics in Lapland before they withdrew to Norway. 40 to 47 per cent of the dwellings in Lapland and 417 kilometres (259 mi) of railroads were destroyed, 9,500 kilometres (5,900 mi) of roadways were mined, destroyed or were unusable, and 675 bridges and 3,700 kilometres (2,300 mi) of telephone lines were also destroyed. Ninety per cent of Rovaniemi ,

960-478: The world's oldest ophiolites . The region hosts valuable deposits of gold, chromium , iron and phosphate . The first snowflakes fall to the ground in late August or early September over the higher peaks. The first ground-covering snow arrives on average in October or late September. Permanent snow cover comes between mid-October and the end of November, significantly earlier than in southern Finland. The winter

992-472: The year than the canopy trees, to make use of the greater availability of light at that particular time of year. A gap in the canopy caused by the death of a tree stimulates the potential emergent trees into competitive growth as they grow upwards to fill the gap. These trees tend to have straight trunks and few lower branches. At the same time, the bushes, undergrowth, and plant life on the forest floor become denser. The understory experiences greater humidity than

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1024-801: Was separated from Oulu Province in 1938. During the Interim Peace and beginning of the Continuation War the government of Finland allowed the Nazi German Army to station itself in Lapland as a part of Operation Barbarossa . After Finland made a separate peace with the Soviet Union in 1944, the Soviet Union demanded that Finland expel the German army from its soil. The result was the Lapland War , during which almost

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