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50-743: While primarily residential, several important governmental, cultural, and sports institutions and schools make this a bustling neighborhood. Well known landmarks in Laranjeiras include the Guanabara Palace (seat of the state government of Rio de Janeiro), the Palácio Laranjeiras (official residence of the state's governor), and the Parque Guinle ( Eduardo Guinle Park ), as well as the headquarters and Laranjeiras Stadium of Fluminense Football Club , and Rio's branch of

100-597: A candidate for the next presidency, Jânio Quadros , from stating during his presidential campaign that he would "sweep the corruption out of the country". Later, during the military regime, Juscelino would be questioned about the corruption allegations and about his supposed ties with communist groups. Kubitschek was succeeded by Jânio Quadros in 1961. After the military took power in 1964, Kubitschek's political rights were suspended for 10 years. He went into self-imposed exile and stayed in numerous U.S. and European cities. Kubitschek returned to Brazil in 1967, but died in

150-547: A car crash in 1976, near the city of Resende in the state of Rio de Janeiro . 350,000 mourners were present at his burial in Brasília. He is now buried in the JK Memorial in Brasília, which was opened in 1981. On 26 April 2000, the former governor of Rio de Janeiro, Leonel Brizola , alleged that the former presidents of Brazil, João Goulart and Kubitschek, who died a few months apart in 1976, were murdered as part of

200-431: A coalition of high ranking military officers staged a countercoup to ensure that Juscelino Kubitschek was inaugurated. Juscelino Kubitschek would be inaugurated as the 21st President of Brazil on 31 January 1956. His economic plan had 31 goals distributed in six large categories: energy, transport, food, base industries, education, and the main goal, the construction of Brasília . This plan sought to diversify and expand

250-576: A daughter, Márcia , in 1943. The couple also adopted Maria Estela in 1947. In 1931, Kubitschek joined the Public Force of Minas Gerais as a doctor. During this period, he served on the Constitutionalist Revolution and became friends with politician Benedito Valadares who, upon being appointed federal intervenor in 1933, appointed Kubitschek as his chief of staff. In 1934, Kubitschek was elected federal deputy , but his term

300-600: A doctor in the military police and saw patients at a military hospital in Minas Gerais. Kubitschek befriended the Governor of Minas Gerais, Benedito Valadares, who named Kubitschek his Chief of Staff in 1932. Two years later in 1934 Kubitschek ran for office for the first time, becoming a member of the Federal Chamber of Deputies of Brazil with the support of Partido Progressista (Progressive Party). In 1940, he

350-539: A lawsuit for possession of the palace. In the process, princess Isabel's successors asked for the restitution of the Guanabara Palace and recognition of ownership of the property, so that the palace could be considered part of the Royal Family's estate. In 1955, Isabel's eight grandchildren filed a new lawsuit, this time claiming ownership of the palace — which made this one differ from the first, since

400-402: A result. In fact, the economy continued to suffer well into the 1980s as Brazil's industries became less and less competitive in the global market. By the end of his term, the foreign debt had grown from 87 million dollars to 297 million dollars. Inflation and wealth inequality had grown larger, with rural-zone strikes that spread to the urban areas. However, the minimum wage from that time

450-580: A seat at the Brazilian Academy of Letters . He occupied chair number 34 at the Minas Gerais Academy of Letters. Kubitschek died in a car accident on 22 August 1976. According to the forensic examination and official report at the time, the accident occurred as a result of a normal traffic fatality. The conclusion was contested by his family, who asked for the remains to be exhumed twenty years later, suspecting that Kubitschek had been

500-469: A very progressive agenda proposed for Education; however, that was never carried out. Kubitschek cared a great deal about the construction of transregional roads. He was criticised for focusing only in road construction and putting aside the railways, a decision still controversial today. The construction of the roads helped the integration of the Amazon region, together with the construction of Brasília. In

550-590: Is also a luxury hotel named Kubitschek Plaza located in that city. Many cities have things named after him, such as Juscelino Kubitschek, Santa Maria . "JK" is a ubiquitous acronym honouring the ex-president, who is often seen by Brazilians as the "father of modern Brazil". In 2006, Globo created a miniseries based on Kubitschek's life called JK , featuring Wagner Moura (portraying Kubitschek ages 18–43) and José Wilker (ages 44–75). In 1980, his daughter Márcia Kubitschek (1943–2000) married Cuban-American ballet star Fernando Bujones . Márcia Kubitschek

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600-605: Is in this neighborhood. Guanabara Palace The Guanabara Palace ( Portuguese : Palácio Guanabara , formerly known as Paço Isabel ) is located on Pinheiro Machado Street (formerly Guanabara Street), in the Laranjeiras neighborhood ( bairro ), in the south zone of Rio de Janeiro , capital of the homonymous state . It is the official seat of the government of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The Guanabara Palace should not be confused with Laranjeiras Palace , located in

650-501: Is still considered the highest at any moment in Brazilian history . He also initially sought a loan from International Monetary Fund , but backed out of the negotiations. Kubitschek ended his time in office with a growth of 80% in industrial production but with an inflation rate of 43%. The idea of building a new capital in the center of the country was already idealised in the Brazilian constitutions of 1891, 1934 and 1946, but it

700-445: The Brazilian economy , based on industrial expansion and integration of the national territory. As a practicing doctor, Juscelino was passionate about reforming healthcare. Kubitschek campaigned on establishing a central health bureaucracy that previously did not exist to address rural health issues more adequately. The most notable is DNERU which was an agency created to address tuberculosis and malaria, and issue vaccines in areas of

750-498: The Federal Chamber of Deputies in 1945, and in 1950 ran for Governor of the state of Minas Gerais. As Governor he was noted with focusing on addressing transportation and energy establishing a government energy corporation that built five new power plants, and he promoted improving roads, bridges, schools, and hospitals. After President Getúlio Vargas committed suicide in 1954, his Vice-President João Café Filho fulfilled

800-534: The Hebraica Social and Sports Club, and several others. Laranjeiras is adjacent to the Cosme Velho , Catete , Flamengo and Botafogo Neighborhoods. Laranjeiras' main streets (ruas) are: Well-known people that live, or have lived in Laranjeiras include: General Glicério Fair: The fair takes place every Saturday morning at General Glicério street. It is a traditional event for the residents of

850-719: The Special Police (a division of the Civil Police of the Federal District), a reaction later reinforced by the Army . In 1946, the Guanabara Palace became the seat of the Federal District 's City Hall, ceasing to be the official residence of the presidency, until 1960, when president Juscelino Kubitschek transferred Brazil's capital to Brasília . In 1960, when the city of Rio de Janeiro ceased to be

900-726: The US-backed Operation Condor , and requested the investigation of their deaths as part of the National Truth Commission investigations. They were originally reported to have died respectively of a heart attack and a car accident. On 27 March 2014, the commission concluded that Kubitschek was not assassinated. The Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport of Brasília , the Juscelino Kubitschek bridge and Juscelino Kubitschek Power Plant are named after him. There

950-666: The Union to the State of Rio de Janeiro and the Ingá Palace, in Niterói , ceased to host the state government. In December 1889, when the palace was confiscated by the military government and transferred to the Union, decree 78-A formally banished the imperial family and forced Emperor Pedro II to liquidate his assets in Brazilian territory within two years. A new decree of the then-provisional government, in 1890, determined that

1000-455: The Union. Juscelino Kubitschek Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuseˈlinu kubiˈʃɛk(i) dʒi oliˈve(j)ɾɐ] ; 12 September 1902 – 22 August 1976), also known by his initials JK , was a prominent Brazilian politician who served as the 21st president of Brazil from 1956 to 1961. Kubitschek's government plan, dubbed "50 years in 5", was centered on economic and social development. During his term

1050-592: The United States and Europe, in voluntary exile. In March 1967, he returned to Brazil and joined Carlos Lacerda and Goulart in organizing the Frente Ampla , in opposition to the military dictatorship . The Frente Ampla was extinguished by the military a year later, and Kubitschek went to prison for a short period. He intended to return to political life ten years after the suspension of his political rights. In October 1975, Kubitschek unsuccessfully ran for

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1100-465: The capital of Brazil, the territory of the former Federal District became the state of Guanabara , at that moment, the palace became the seat of the Government of the State of Guanabara, a role it would maintain after the merger of the State of Guanabara with the State of Rio de Janeiro, in 1975, during the government of president Ernesto Geisel . At the same time, the Guanabara Palace was donated by

1150-407: The construction. Also, the airline Pan-Air Brazil held a monopoly on the transport of people and goods during this period, yet another source of controversy. During his time in office, Time magazine wrote that he had the seventh greatest fortune in the world, a claim that was never proven. In fact, upon his death many years later, it was shown he had earned very modest means. This did not stop

1200-469: The country experienced a period of notable economic growth and relative political stability. However, there was also a significant increase in external debt, inflation, income concentration and wage erosion. At the time, there was no re-election and, on 31 January 1961, he was succeeded by Jânio Quadros , supported by the UDN . Kubitschek is best known for the construction of Brazil's new capital: Brasília , which

1250-412: The country where access to healthcare was scarce. Although his main project was to develop national industry, it was with the "Goals plan", launched in 1956, that there was a greater opening of the national economy for foreign investment. He made all imported machines and industrial equipment exempt from taxes, as well as to assist foreign capital. However, the exemption only applied if the foreign capital

1300-495: The country, though most from the northeast . The construction went on day and night to meet the objective of finishing Brasília by 21 April 1960, in a homage to the Inconfidência Mineira and Rome 's founding. A completely new capital city, its streets, government palaces, infrastructure, living facilities, etc., suddenly emerged in the middle of a savanna in just 41 months, and before the target date. As soon as it

1350-601: The court was abolished by the 1988 Constitution. On 6 December 2018, between decisions and appeals of the lawsuit filed in 1895, brought by Princess Isabel, the Superior Court of Justice judged the oldest case appeal in progress in the country. In the decision, the court decided that the Guanabara Palace belonged to the Union, and not to the imperial family. The case was closed by the Supreme Federal Court on 28 August 2020, after 125 years, in favor of

1400-454: The development of Brazil's interior and the country's integration. In 1961, Kubitschek was elected senator for Goiás and tried to make his candidacy for the 1965 presidential election viable. However, with the 1964 military coup , Kubitschek was accused by the military of corruption and being supported by the communists. As a result, his term was revoked and his political rights were suspended. From then on, Kubitschek began touring cities in

1450-545: The economy of the Central-west and North . During the construction of Brasília, in the haste to finish the job, accidents were frequent, something Kubitschek's government did its utmost to cover up. Kubitschek's government was often accused of corruption. The accusations began at the time he was governor and intensified during his presidency, when the construction of Brasília began. There were serious reasons to believe that people connected to Juscelino had been favored in

1500-641: The election, he defeated his brother-in-law Gabriel Passos and was sworn in as governor on 31 January 1951. As governor, he created the Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais , and also prioritized road building and industrialization. In October 1954, Kubitschek launched his candidacy for the 1955 presidential election , which was made official in February 1955. He presented a developmentalist speech and used "50 years in 5" as his campaign slogan. In an alliance formed by six parties, his running mate

1550-468: The imperial family's assets were incorporated into the Union. A third decree in the following year, already under the 1891 Republican Constitution, again determined the transfer of possession of the palace to the Union, but a court decision at the time in favor of the legal representative of the imperial family in Brazil stopped the execution of the order of president Deodoro da Fonseca . The basic argument

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1600-462: The neighborhood, where you can find fresh fruits and fishes, as well as the favorite Brazilian fair food, sugarcane juice and "pastel" (fried pie). Families and friends can also enjoy great Choro music or "Chorinho", an instrumental Brazilian popular music genre which originated in 19th century Rio de Janeiro. The Lycée Molière de Rio de Janeiro or Liceu Molière , the French international school,

1650-430: The original was a repossession lawsuit. In 1967, the first case was considered time-barred by Brazilian courts due to prescription , but the heirs appealed the decision. In 1969, the two cases were in the former Regional Federal Court of Rio de Janeiro. They go hand in hand through the intricate mesh of the courts. And that started a new discussion about whether or not the lawsuits were time-barred. Nine years later,

1700-565: The palace eclectic features. It was reformed again in 1920 for the occasion of the visit of King Albert of Belgium and his wife Elisabeth . The palace was used as official residence by various presidents of Brazil , including president Getúlio Vargas during the Estado Novo (1937–1945). It was attacked during the putsch carried out by the Brazilian Integralist Action in 1938; the attackers were repelled by

1750-565: The residence of Princess Isabel and her husband, the Count of Eu , being then known as Paço Isabel . The building belonged to the princes until the proclamation of the Republic , in 1889, when it was confiscated by the republican military government and transferred to the Union , gaining its current name. In 1908, a new renovation, led by Francisco Marcelino de Souza Aguiar, gave the façade of

1800-475: The rest of his term until the elections of 1955 which were held in October. Juscelino Kubitschek decided to run for president in a race with two other candidates. He ran with the slogan of “fifty years progress in five” and developed a platform that highlighted energy, agriculture, industry, education, and transportation. He also stressed a wish to diversify Brazil’s economy and open it up to foreign investment. He

1850-506: The same neighborhood (at Paulo Cesar Andrade Street, 407), which is the official residence of the Governor of the State of Rio de Janeiro . Originally built with neoclassical characteristics, its construction was started by Portuguese José Machado Coelho in 1853, having been used as a private residence until the 1860s. It was bought by the Brazilian imperial family in 1864 and then renovated by architect José Maria Jacinto Rebelo, becoming

1900-409: The short term the economy boomed, with a stronger industry under his leadership. More dependent on energy resources, Brazil became one of the countries most affected by the oil crises of 1973 and 1979. Having to import over 80% of its consumption, the quadrupling of oil prices greatly contributed to Brazil's debts and spiralling inflation, for which his administration was directly blamed by the critics as

1950-472: The victim of a murder. The results of the examination confirmed the previous reports. Kubitschek was born into a poor family in Diamantina , Minas Gerais . His father, João César de Oliveira (1872–1905), who died when Juscelino was two years old, was a traveling salesman. He was raised by his mother, a schoolteacher named Júlia Kubitschek (1873–1973). His mother was of part Czech and Roma descent. He

2000-468: Was João Goulart . On 3 October, he was elected president of Brazil with 35.6% of the votes. The opposition tried to annul the election on the grounds that Kubitschek had not obtained an absolute majority of votes. However, general Henrique Teixeira Lott triggered a military movement to ensure Kubitschek's inauguration. As president, Kubitschek was responsible for the construction of a new federal capital, Brasília, thus carrying out an old project to promote

2050-477: Was also a vocal supporter of moving the government capital out of Rio de Janeiro, to a more central location in the country, to promote regional development. Before Kubitschek was even inaugurated, however, rumors of a military coup were brewing and the opposition party União Democrática Nacional (National Democratic Union or UDN) became vocal over his close ties to Vargas and his alleged sympathy towards communists. Henrique Teixeira Lott , then Minister of War, and

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2100-722: Was appointed Mayor of Belo Horizonte; in 1945, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies with the support of Partido Social Democrático (Social Democratic Party) and was noted to be ambitious in his push to expand public works and improve infrastructure. It was in his term as Mayor of Belo Horizonte that he would establish a strong, professional relationship with the renowned architect Oscar Niemeyer , who would later become instrumental in designing Brasília. Kubitschek at this time commissioned Oscar Niemeyer to design several municipal buildings in Belo Horizonte. He would run again for

2150-412: Was associated with the national capital ("associated capital"). To amplify the internal market, he developed a generous credit policy. He promoted the development of the automobile industry, naval industry, heavy industry and the construction of hydroelectric power stations. With the exception of the hydroelectric industry, Juscelino practically created an economy without state-owned companies. He also had

2200-705: Was educated at a seminary school in Diamantina, where he was an average student. Kubitschek attended the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte when he turned twenty. He became a licensed medical doctor after seven years of schooling. He then went to live in Europe for a few months after graduating eventually returning to Brazil after the revolution of 1930 that marked the ascension of President Getúlio Vargas . Kubitschek served as

2250-620: Was inaugurated on 21 April 1960, replacing Rio de Janeiro . Kubitschek was born in Diamantina , Minas Gerais , in 1902. His father, João César de Oliveira, died when he was only two years old. JK completed the humanities course at the Diamantina Seminary and moved to Belo Horizonte in 1920. In 1927, he graduated in medicine from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), and in 1930 he specialized in urology in Paris . In December 1931, he married Sarah Lemos , with whom he had

2300-401: Was inaugurated, Brasília was considered a masterpiece of urbanism and modern architecture . Brasília plays a strategic role in integrating Brazil's farthest regions, bringing development to unpopulated areas and guaranteeing Brazil's cultural and territorial unity. The construction of Brasília fostered the development of many roads, linking Brazil's vast territories. One important example

2350-809: Was only in 1956 that planning began to take form in response to Kubitschek's campaign promise to develop the interior. Initially the move of the capital from Rio de Janeiro was controversial and had division and opposition from people within Rio and throughout Brazil. Debates that included statesmen, residents and professionals were televised on the TV show "Que será do Rio" and letters to the editor in Correio da Manhã . The work, led by urban planner Lúcio Costa , architect Oscar Niemeyer and landscape designer Roberto Burle Marx , started in February 1957. More than 200 machines were put to work and 30,000 workers came from every part of

2400-586: Was revoked during the Estado Novo coup . With the loss of his term, Kubitschek returned to medicine. In 1940, he was appointed mayor of Belo Horizonte by Valadares, remaining in this position until October 1945. At the end of the same year he was elected constituent deputy for the Social Democratic Party (PSD). In 1950, he defeated Bias Fortes in the PSD caucuses to choose the party's candidate for that year's gubernatorial election in Minas Gerais. In

2450-599: Was that, as much as the Imperial Family had lost its political rights and privileges, the "political revolution" of 1889, consolidated with the Constitution of 1891, did not affect the private property rights of the former dynasty. Thus, until 1894 the Imperial Family's possession of the palace was not disturbed. In 1894, the palace was confiscated by military forces and incorporated into the Union's assets. The following year, princess Isabel and her husband filed

2500-697: Was the construction of the Belém–Brasília Highway . Previously, the only way to go from Rio or São Paulo to Belém was via ship on the Atlantic Ocean . During the Second World War , this weak link had been blocked by German U-boats , virtually disrupting all commerce. The new capital was soon to help integrate all the Brazilian regions, create jobs and absorb a workforce from the Brazilian Northeast , and to stimulate

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