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120-753: The Larkin Sentral (Jawi: لرکين سينترل ) (formerly Larkin Bus and Taxi Terminal ) is a bus terminal located in Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia . It has direct bus services to and from many cities and towns in Peninsular Malaysia , Singapore and Hat Yai in Thailand . This T-shaped terminal has three levels and about 50 bus bays. Larkin Sentral opened at 1995, combining bus terminal and market areas in one single complex. The intercity bus operation

240-456: A 26 foot wide roadway, with space reserved for laying of water mains at a later date. Floodgates were incorporated at the lock to control the tides. The construction contract was awarded to Messrs Topham, Jones & Railton Ltd of London on 30 June 1919. The engineering firm had completed major works at the dockyards and harbour in Singapore, and had necessary work capacity and experience in

360-707: A 3-day Good Friday weekend. This was reported to be the highest traffic at Singapore's land borders in a single day. There were continuous tailbacks at Woodlands Checkpoint throughout the day, with queues extending beyond the Seletar Expressway . In a bid to ease congestion and reduce waiting time, a QR code system was implemented on 19 March 2024. Travellers in cars passing through Singapore’s Woodlands and Tuas checkpoints can clear immigration using QR codes – instead of their passports . The overall waiting time can be reduced by more than 30 per cent if most car travellers use QR codes for immigration clearance, said

480-633: A Sultan after he met Queen Victoria . He managed to regain Kesang territory for Johor after a civil war with the aid of British forces and he boosted the town's infrastructure and agricultural economy. Infrastructure such as the State Mosque and Royal Palace was built with the aid of Wong Ah Fook, who had become a close patron for the Sultan since his migration during the Temenggong reign. As

600-459: A bridge if its air force is allowed to use part of Johor's airspace. Malaysia refused the offer and negotiation is said to be still ongoing. In January 2006, Malaysia unilaterally announced that it is going ahead to build the new bridge on the Malaysian side, now referred to as scenic bridge . The construction of the new scenic bridge on Malaysian side officially began on 10 March 2006, when

720-764: A commercial housing development without informing the state government. Other historical religious buildings include the Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Hindu Temple , Sri Raja Mariamman Hindu Temple, Gurdwara Sahib and Church of the Immaculate Conception . The Danga Bay is a 25 kilometres (16 mi) area of recreational waterfront. There are around 15 established golf courses, of which two offer 36-hole facilities; most of these are located within resorts. The city also features several paintball parks which are also used for off-road motorsports activities. The Johor Zoo

840-728: A considerable amount of rain, and high humidity throughout the course of the year. An equatorial climate is a tropical rainforest climate more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and with no cyclone . Daily average temperatures range from 26.4 °C (79.5 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in April with an average annual rainfall of around 2,350 mm (93 in). The wettest months, with 19 to 25 percent more rain than average, are April, November and December. Although

960-838: A dispute between the Malays and the Bugis , the Johor-Riau Sultanate was split in 1819 with the mainland portion of the Johor Sultanate coming under the control of Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim while the Riau-Lingga Sultanate came under the control of the Bugis. The Temenggong intended to create a new administration centre for the Johor Sultanate to create a dynasty under the entity of Temenggong. As

1080-581: A further series of bombings by the Japanese on 29 January, the British retreated to Singapore and blew up the causeway the following day as a final attempt to stop the Japanese advance in British Malaya. The Japanese then used the Sultan's residence of Bukit Serene Palace located in the town as their main temporary base for their future initial plans to conquer Singapore while waiting to reconnect

1200-540: A girder bridge over the gap. The bridge remained in its war-torn state until the return of the British after the surrender of the Imperial Japanese forces. The girder bridge, now rotting, was replaced with two Bailey bridge extensions in February 1946, with the rubble of the demolished lift bridge cleared and the railway tracks re-laid. Reconstruction plans of lock channel and lift bridge were looked at in

1320-410: A gradual buildup of pollutants in the straits. In 2006, it was reported in Malaysian news that the straits were a health hazard due to the causeway blocking water flow, to which Singaporean authorities refuted the claim stating that the study quoted in the news report found that the sources of pollution were from Sungai Johor and Pasir Gudang . Algae blooms had been observed in the western side of

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1440-684: A local Malay politician who later became the Chief Minister of Johor , formed the United Malay National Organisation party on 11 May 1946 when the Malays expressed their widespread disenchantment over the British government 's action for granting citizenship laws to non-Malays in the proposed states of the Malayan Union . An agreement over the policy was then reached in the town with Malays agreeing with

1560-596: A museum after serving for 100 years since the British colonial era. Sultan Abu Bakar State Mosque, located along Skudai Road, is the main and the oldest mosque in the state. It was built with a combination of Victorian , Moorish and Malay architectures. The Johor Bahru Old Chinese Temple , located on the Trus Road, dedicated to the Five Patron Deities from the five Southern Chinese Clans ( Hokkien , Teochew , Hakka , Cantonese & Hainanese ) in

1680-424: A new customs , immigration and quarantine complex on a hilltop near the Johor Bahru railway station . A bridge was planned to link the new customs complex with the city square. The project was named Southern Integrated Gateway ( Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu ) by the government. The project was awarded to a construction company, Gerbang Perdana. During the construction, one of the two underpass channels located at

1800-515: A number of private college campuses and one polytechnic operating in the city; these are Crescendo International College , KPJ College, Olympia College, Sunway College Johor Bahru , Taylor's College and College of Islamic Studies Johor. The Johor State Library, also known as the Johor Public Library Corporation headquarters is the main library in the state, located off Yahya Awal Road. Another public library branch

1920-715: A railway line terminating at the Southern Integrated Gateway. The main bus terminal of the city is the Larkin Sentral located in Larkin . Other bus terminals include Taman Johor Jaya Bus Terminal and Ulu Tiram Bus Terminal. Larkin Sentral has direct bus services to and from many destinations in West Malaysia, southern Thailand and Singapore, while Taman Johor Jaya and Ulu Tiram Bus Terminals serve local destinations. Major bus operators in

2040-446: A serious glut of such property in the region. Occupancy of high-rise accommodation has been predicted to fall to 50 percent, and commercial property to 65 percent, by the end of 2019 due to continued incoming supply. As the capital city of Johor, the city plays an important role in the economic welfare of the entire state's population. There is one member of parliament (MP) representing the single parliamentary constituency ( P.160 ) in

2160-452: A time, while the passenger ferries had a capacity of about 160 each. As international trade demands grew, it was necessary to operate the ferry link round-the-clock in 1911 to bring the commodities from British Malaya into Singapore to be transshipped. Additional ferry steamers were constructed, however they soon were overloaded. The passenger steamers often had to exceed its designed limits, carrying "as many as 250 passengers". Additionally,

2280-656: A trail known as Old Buildings Road; they feature a mixture of Chinese and Indian heritages, reflected by their forms of ethnic business and architecture. The Mawar Handicrafts Centre, a government-funded exhibition and sales centre, is located along the Sungai Chat road and sells various batik and songket clothes. Opposite this is the Johor Area Rehabilitation Organisation (JARO) Handicrafts Centre which sells items such as hand-made cane furniture, soft toys and rattan baskets made by

2400-583: Is Changi Airport in Singapore located 36.3 km from the city centre. Boat services are available to ports in Batam and Bintan Islands in Indonesia from Stulang Laut Ferry Terminal , located near the suburb of Stulang . There are three public hospitals , four health clinics and thirteen 1Malaysia clinics in Johor Bahru. Sultanah Aminah Hospital , which is located along Persiaran Road,

2520-670: Is a 1.056-kilometre (0.66 mi) causeway consisting of a combined railway and motorway crossing that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor to the district and town of Woodlands in Singapore . It was the only land connection between the two from 1923 until 1998, when the Tuas Second Link opened. The distance between Singapore's Woodlands Checkpoint and Malaysia's Bangunan Sultan Iskandar

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2640-423: Is a house gallery built in 1910, known as the house for the former third Chief Minister of Johor, Abdullah Jaafar. The house features old architecture and became the centre for the collection of artefacts related to Johor's cultural history since its renovation in 2000. The Grand Palace is one of the historical attractions in the city, and is an example of Victorian-style architecture with a garden. Figure Museum

2760-419: Is also available here, with their main service is to Queen Street hub in Singapore with a fixed fare. Fares can be paid when alighting the taxi. Express buses to Hat Yai , Thailand is available from the terminal, although the ticketing and departure process is similar to other intercity buses. Johor Bahru Johor Bahru ( Malaysian: [ˈdʒohor ˈbahru] ), colloquially referred to as JB ,

2880-449: Is also available here. Online ticketing system is accepted in this terminal although one need to exchange tickets to terminal-type ticket by a small fee. Entry to bus departure/arrival areas is limited to valid ticket holders only. The terminal also serves local buses to various places in Johor Bahru and surrounding areas, with services goes up to Pontian , Ayer Hitam and Kota Tinggi . Shuttles to Johor Bahru Sentral train station and

3000-523: Is another historical colonial building since 1886 which ever become the house for the Johor first Menteri Besar Jaafar Muhammad ; it is located on the top of Smile Hill ( Bukit Senyum ). The English College (now Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar ) established in 1914 was located close to the Sungai Chat Palace before being moved to its present location at Sungai Chat Road; some of the ruins are visible at

3120-475: Is approximately 2.4 km (1.5 mi). It also serves as a water pipeline between the two countries, with untreated water being sent to Singapore, and some of the treated water being sent back to Malaysia. It is one of the busiest border crossings in the world, with 350,000 travellers daily. A vast majority of these travellers are Malaysian citizens working or studying in Singapore for its more desirable education and employment opportunities, in part due to

3240-567: Is generally known in Chinese as Xinshan , meaning "New Mountain" ( Chinese : 新山 ; pinyin : Xīnshān ), as "mountain" may be used to mean "territory" or "land". The name "New Mountain" distinguished it from "Old Mountain" ( Jiushan ), once used to refer to Kranji and Sembawang (in Singapore), where the Chinese first cultivated black pepper and gambier on plantations before relocating to new lands in Johor Bahru in 1855. Due to

3360-422: Is located on Ayer Molek Road, while another court for Sharia law is located on Abu Bakar Road. The Johor (state) Police Contingent Headquarters is located on Tebrau Road. Johor Bahru's Southern District police headquarters, which also operates as a police station, is on Meldrum Road in the city centre. The Johor Bahru Southern District traffic police headquarters is a separate entity along Tebrau Road, close to

3480-522: Is normally written as "baru" in English ( Roman ) characters, today, although the word appears in other place names with several English spelling variants, such as in Kota Bharu , Kelantan, and Pekanbaru , Riau ( Indonesia ). The British preferred to write it as Johore Bahru or Johore Bharu , though the currently-accepted western spelling is Johor Bahru — Johore is only spelt Johor, without

3600-496: Is one of the oldest zoos in Malaysia; built in 1928 covering 4 hectares (9.9 acres) of land, it was originally called "animal garden" before being handed to the state government for renovation in 1962. The zoo has around 100 species of animals, including wild cats , camels, chimpanzees , gorillas , orangutans , and tropical birds. Visitors can participate in activities such as horse riding or using pedalos . The largest park in

3720-808: Is served by two railway stations, which are Johor Bahru Sentral railway station and Kempas Baru railway station . Both stations serve train services to Kuala Lumpur and Singapore. In 2015, a new shuttle train service operated by Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) was launched providing transport to Woodlands in Singapore. The city is served by Senai International Airport located at the neighbouring Senai town and connected through Skudai Highway . Four airlines, AirAsia (and its subsidiaries Indonesia AirAsia and Thai AirAsia ), Firefly , Malaysia Airlines , Batik Air Malaysia and formerly Xpress Air , provide flights domestically as well as international flights to Jakarta Soekarno–Hatta , Surabaya , Hồ Chí Minh City , and Bangkok Don Mueang . The nearest major airport

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3840-703: Is the University Park in Kebudayaan Road, while there are other libraries or private libraries in schools, colleges, and universities. Two village libraries are available in the district of Johor Bahru. There are a number of cultural attractions in Johor Bahru. The Royal Abu Bakar Museum located within the Grand Palace building is the main museum in the city. The Johor Bahru Kwong Siew Heritage located in Wong Ah Fook Street housed

3960-435: Is the capital city of the Malaysian state of Johor . It is the core city of Johor Bahru District , Malaysia's second-largest district by population. As the second-largest national GDP -contributor among the major cities in Malaysia, it forms a part of Iskandar Malaysia , the nation's largest special economic zone , by investment value. The city has a population of 858,118 people within an area of 391.25 km . As

4080-408: Is the largest indoor sports centre in the city. Two radio stations have their offices in the city: Best FM (104.1) and Johor FM (101.9). Johor Bahru was once notorious for its relatively high crime rate, compared to other urban areas in Malaysia. In 2014, Johor Bahru South police district recorded one of the highest crime rates in the country with 4,151 cases, behind Petaling Jaya . In 2013,

4200-597: Is the largest public hospital in Johor Bahru as well as in Johor with 989 beds. Another government funded hospital is the Sultan Ismail Specialist Hospital with 700 beds. Another large private health facility is the KPJ Puteri Specialist Hospital with 158 beds. Further healthcare facilities are currently being expanded to improve healthcare services in the city. Many government or state schools are available in

4320-541: Is the main commercial centre for Johor and is located in the Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle . Tertiary-based industry dominates the economy with many international tourists from the regions visiting the city. It is the centre of financial services, commerce and retail, arts and culture, hospitality, urban tourism, plastic manufacturing, electrical and electronics and food processing. The main shopping districts are located within

4440-425: Is the south-west Monsoon, which hardly affects the rainfall in Johor Bahru, where winds are from the south and south-west. This occurs between June and September. Johor Bahru has an official demonym where people are commonly referred to as "Johor Bahruans". The terms "J.B-ites" and "J.B-ians" have also been used to a limited extent. People from Johor are called Johoreans. The Malaysian Census in 2010 reported

4560-514: The 15th-busiest port in the world , Tanjung Pelepas . During the reign of Sultan Abu Bakar (between 1886–1895), there was further development and modernisation within the city, with the construction of administrative centres, offices, schools, civic and religious buildings, and railways connecting to Woodlands in Northern Singapore . Along with most of Southeast Asia, Japanese forces occupied Johor Bahru from 1942 to 1945 during

4680-514: The Johor Bahru Central Business District to outlying suburbs: Tebrau Highway and Johor Bahru Eastern Dispersal Link Expressway in the northeast, Skudai Highway in the northwest, Iskandar Coastal Highway in the west and Johor Bahru East Coast Highway in the east. Pasir Gudang Highway and the connecting Johor Bahru Parkway cross Tebrau Highway and Skudai Highway, which serve as the middle ring road of

4800-560: The Malaysia–Singapore Second Link between Tanjung Kupang and Tuas , was completed in 1998. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic , Malaysia instituted a nationwide movement control order on 18 March 2020 and closed the country's borders, affecting hundreds of thousands of cross-border commuters between Malaysia and Singapore. However, the flow of cargo, goods and food supplies continued. The quota of daily passengers

4920-627: The Pacific War . Johor Bahru thus became the post-war cradle of Malay nationalism , and a major political party (known as the United Malays National Organisation , or UMNO) was founded at the Istana Besar of Johor Bahru in 1946. After the formation of modern Malaysia in 1963, Johor Bahru retained its status as state capital, and was eventually granted city status, in 1994. The present area of Johor Bahru

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5040-545: The Southern Integrated Gateway (Malaysia) and Woodlands Checkpoint (Singapore) respectively. Both countries permit pedestrians to walk along the entire length of the Causeway on foot, although occasions of pedestrians walking along the entire Causeway are not common. Pedestrian walking is generally limited to instances of standstill vehicular congestion throughout the partial or entire length of

5160-712: The Woodlands Train Checkpoint , opened on 1 August 1998, as the Singapore railway border clearance facility, which was previously co-located with Malaysian immigration and customs at Tanjong Pagar railway station . The relocation to Woodlands caused disputes between the two countries, which was resolved in 2010. On 1 July 2011, Woodlands Train Checkpoint replaced Tanjong Pagar railway station as Singapore's inter-city railway station. Northbound rail passengers pass through co-located border clearance for both countries at Woodlands Train Checkpoint before boarding

5280-543: The physically disabled . The oldest cinema in the city was the Broadway Theatre which mostly screened Tamil and Hindi movies. Other cinemas available in the city located inside shopping malls. The city's main association football club is a Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C. Its home stadium is Sultan Ibrahim Stadium has a capacity of around 40,000. There is also a futsal centre, known as Sports Prima, which has eight minimum-sized FIFA approved futsal courts; it

5400-506: The British colonial government attempted to streamline the state's administration. The continuous development of Johor Bahru was, however, halted when the Japanese under General Tomoyuki Yamashita invaded the town on 31 January 1942. As the Japanese had reached northwest Johor by 15 January, they easily captured major towns of Johor such of Batu Pahat , Yong Peng , Kluang and Ayer Hitam . The British and other Allied forces were forced to retreat towards Johor Bahru; however, following

5520-597: The Causeway and the Second Link ) every day. Between 16 June and 18 June 2023, during the school holidays period in Singapore, it was reported that an average of 406,000 persons crossed the Causeway each day, with a peak of 430,000 crossings on 16 June 2023. On 28 March 2024, according to the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority , 510,000 people crossed the Singapore-Malaysia land borders ahead of

5640-649: The Causeway became the border connector between the two countries. Immigration checkpoints were built on both sides, with passport controls implemented on the Singaporean side from June 1967 and on the Malaysian side from September. Toll collection at the Causeway checkpoint began on 1 November 1984, with ten lanes in total. The toll booths were built by the Malaysian Highway Authority. By December, over S$ 384,000 worth of toll money were collected. The toll collection reduced traffic congestions in

5760-418: The Causeway on foot, though it is tolerated during severe traffic congestion. JB Sentral railway station is the main railway station of Johor Bahru since 21 October 2010, replacing the old Johor Bahru railway station . JB Sentral also serves as the southbound exit immigration and customs checkpoint for rail passengers heading toward Singapore. The new Woodlands Checkpoint, built partially on reclaimed land ,

5880-482: The Causeway, which prevents passengers from boarding regular-hour cross-border public buses, after clearing immigration. In the late 19th century, Singapore was transformed into a major international trading port and was a steamship coaling station. At the turn of the 20th century, British Malaya was transformed into a major producer and exporter of raw materials such as tin, rubber, gambier , and pepper for international markets. The connection to Singapore from Johor

6000-405: The Causeway. Toll payments were collected for the Malaysian federal government. To support the ever-increasing trade and foot traffic on the Causeway, both the Malaysian and Singapore governments carried out works to widen the Causeway multiple times as well as to improve checkpoint facilities. Singapore replaced its checkpoint in 1999, followed by Malaysia in 2008. A second border crossing bridge,

6120-594: The Chinese and Javanese communities. After Temenggong's death on 31 January 1862, the town was renamed "Johor Bahru" and his position was succeeded by his son, Abu Bakar, with the administration centre in Telok Blangah being moved to the area in 1889. In the first phase of Abu Bakar's administration, the British only recognised him as a maharaja rather than a sultan . In 1855, the British Colonial Office began to recognise his status as

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6240-515: The Chinese are predominantly Buddhists / Taoists and the Indians were mostly Hindus despite there is also a small numbers from the two ethnic groups that are Christians and Muslims. A small number of Sikhs , Animists and secularists can also be found in the city. The following is based on Department of Statistics Malaysia 2010 census. The local ethnic Malays speak the Malay language, while

6360-462: The Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak merged to form Malaysia on 16 September 1963. On 22 July 1964, as part of a curfew after racial riots in Singapore , the Causeway was closed to travellers without police permission. It was reopened during non-curfew hours the following day and normal traffic had resumed by 26 July. After Singapore's separation from Malaysia on 9 August 1965,

6480-546: The Indonesian communities living there to contribute information for Indonesian commandos until the bombing of the MacDonald House in Singapore in 1965. By the early 1990s, the town had considerably expanded in size, and was officially granted a city status on 1 January 1994. Johor Bahru City Council was formed and the city's current main square, Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru , was constructed to commemorate

6600-522: The Johor-British relationship improved, Abu Bakar also set up his administration under a British style and implemented a constitution known as Undang-undang Tubuh Negeri Johor (Johor State Constitution). Although the British had long been advisers for the Sultanate of Johor, the Sultanate never came under direct colonial rule of the British. The direct colonial rule only came into effect when

6720-563: The Malaysian side, between the country and Singapore, making it the busiest international border crossing in the world ; its direct land link to Singapore, via the JB-Woodlands Causeway (the other being the (Tuas) Second Link at Iskandar Puteri ), KTM Intercity ( Shuttle Tebrau ) and the future RTS Link (under construction), is a key economic driver of the border city . Johor Bahru is categorised as Zone A of Iskandar Malaysia , adjacent to Senai International Airport and

6840-500: The Singapore authorities. Immigration Department of Malaysia announced the news on its Facebook page on 26 June 2024. The first phase of testing of 'MyRentas" will only be available to bus passengers and Malaysian at the Sultan Iskandar Building . The testing period will be three months (until 12 September 2024), after which it will be open to other checkpoint users. MySejahtera 's MyTripQR code clearance system

6960-563: The Straits was too deep, going at 70 feet at some points and foundations would be lacking. An opening span would be required, and the bridge would require significant maintenance. The train ferries to replace the wagon-ferries would be too expensive as well. The causeway proposal was accepted by FMS Chief Secretary and Straits Settlements Colonial Secretary, Edward Lewis Brockman , and Straits Settlements Governor and FMS High Commissioner, Sir Arthur Henderson Young . In 1917, Governor Young cited

7080-455: The Temenggong already had a close relationship with the British and the British intended to have control over trade activities in Singapore, a treaty was signed between Sultan Ali and Temenggong Ibrahim in Singapore on 10 March 1855. According to the treaty, Ali would be crowned as the Sultan of Johor and receive $ 5,000 (in Spanish dollars ) with an allowance of $ 500 per month. In return, Ali

7200-465: The area available. The contract allowed the firm a period of 5 years and 3 months to complete the construction. Construction started in August 1919, starting with the lock at Johore's bank. Sequence of construction would allow minimal disruption to existing shipping or ferrying services. On 24 April 1920, a ceremony was held to mark the laying of the foundation stone. The Johore Sultan, Sultan Ibrahim ,

7320-450: The causeway with a proposed new bridge. The proposals on replacing the old causeway with a new bridge has resulted in a political rift between the two countries since the early 2000s. The Malaysian government envisioned that disagreement by Singapore to participate in the project would result in a crooked bridge above Malaysian waters with half the causeway remaining on the Singapore side. However, Singapore has hinted that it might agree to

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7440-457: The causeway. The Japanese chose the palace as their main base because they already knew the British would not dare to attack it as this would harm their close relationship with Johor. In less than a month, the Japanese repaired the causeway and invaded the Singapore island easily. Soon after the war ended in 1946, the town became the main hotspot for Malay nationalism in Malaya. Onn Jaafar ,

7560-585: The causeway. The toll plaza at the Malaysian side is operated by the PLUS Expressways Berhad . In Singapore, the Vehicle Entry Permit (VEP) charges apply to cars and motorcycles that have utilised the 10-VEP free days. With the construction of the causeway, the water flow across the Straits of Johor has been interrupted, especially after the permanent closure of the lock channel post World War II. While there are ten culverts in

7680-545: The ceremony which a ribbon cutting ceremony was held. A special holiday was declared in Johore for more of the public to take part in the festivities. The opening marked a new era which uninterrupted communications between Singapore and Bangkok now exists. The administration of the Causeway was formalised in 1925 with the formation of the Johore Causeway Control Committee. Under FMSR, the committee

7800-556: The city also accounted for 70% of crimes committed in the entire state of Johor , with a Johor police spokesman admitting that Johor Bahru remained a crime hotspot within the state. Crime in Johor Bahru has also received substantial media coverage by the Singaporean press, as Singaporeans visiting or transiting through the neighbouring city are often targeted by criminals. Among the more common criminal cases in Johor Bahru are robberies, snatch theft, carjacking , kidnapping and rape. Gang and unarmed robberies accounted for about 76% of

7920-417: The city are Causeway Link , Maju and S&S. It is possible to get around the city by bus, though the frequency of the bus might be an issue. Two types of taxis operate in the city; the main taxi is either in red and yellow, blue, green or red while the larger, less common type is known as a limousine taxi, which is more comfortable but expensive. Most taxis in the city do not use their meter . The city

8040-524: The city centre is also available from the terminal. The terminal also locates various cross border transports to Singapore. Stage buses by Causeway Link, Singapore-Johore Express and SBS Transit terminates at this terminal from various places in Singapore, mainly Kranji MRT station and Queen Street bus and taxi hub near Bugis. Tickets are purchased directly from the bus with most accepts debit and credit cards. Cross-border platforms are located separately from express buses. Taxi hub for cross-border taxis

8160-605: The city centre. Johor Bahru's Northern District police headquarters and Northern District Traffic Police headquarters are co-located in Skudai, about 20 km north of the city centre. There are around eleven police stations and seven police substations (Pondok Polis) in the greater Johor Bahru area. Johor Bahru Prison was located in the city along Ayer Molek Road, but was closed down after 122 years operation in December 2005, its function being transferred to an expanded prison in

8280-457: The city council, which consists of 3 Amanah members, 3 Bersatu members, 3 DAP members and 2 PKR members. In August 2021, mayor Adib Azhari Daud was arrested and taken into custody for allegedly accepting bribes from contractors while overseeing development of Johor Bahru. The arrest marks the first time an active Johor mayor has been arrested. The city high court complex is located along Dato' Onn Road. The Sessions and Magistrate Courts

8400-420: The city is Independence Park . Dataran Bandaraya was built after Johor Bahru was proclaimed as a city. The site features a clock tower , fountain and a large field. The Wong Ah Fook Street is named after Wong Ah Fook. The Tan Hiok Nee Street is named after Tan Hiok Nee , who was the leader of the former Ngee Heng Kongsi , a secret society in Johor Bahru. Together with the Dhoby Street, both are part of

8520-667: The city's criminal cases in 2013 alone. Illegal car cloning is also rampant in the city. In addition, Johor Bahru's reputation for sleaze still exists, with some areas in the city centre turning into red-light districts , despite prostitution being illegal in Malaysia . Human trafficking syndicates are active at Johor Bahru where they smuggle foreigners duped into prostitution. Several countries have set up their consulates in Johor Bahru, including Indonesia and Singapore, while Japan has closed its consular office since 2014. Johor Bahru's sister cities are: Johor%E2%80%93Singapore Causeway The Johor–Singapore Causeway

8640-619: The city's economy. The state of Johor currently already has developed ports including Pasir Gudang and Tanjong Pelapas. The second demand came in year 1986 when Israeli President Chaim Herzog visited Singapore. At that time, the Singapore Government was criticised by Malaysian politicians and the press for allowing his visit. Under the Mahathir Mohamad administration, the Malaysian government scheduled to build

8760-687: The city, with a number of large shopping malls located in the suburbs. Johor Bahru is the location of numerous conferences , congress and trade fairs, such as the Eastern Regional Organisation for Planning and Housing and the World Islamic Economic Forum . The city is the first in Malaysia to practise a low-carbon economy . The city has a very close economic relationship with Singapore. There are around 3,000 logistic lorries crossing between Johor Bahru and Singapore every day for delivering goods between

8880-502: The city. It was built in 1875 and renovated by the Persekutuan Tiong Hua Johor Bahru (Johor Bahru Tiong Hua Association) in 1994–95 with the addition of a small L-shaped museum in one corner of the square premises. The Wong Ah Fook Mansion, the home of the late Wong Ah Fook, was a former historical attraction. It stood for more than 150 years but was demolished illegally by its owner in 2014 to make way for

9000-662: The city. The secondary schools include English College Johore Bahru , Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Engku Aminah, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sultan Ismail, Sekolah Menengah Infant Jesus Convent, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (Perempuan) Sultan Ibrahim and Sekolah Menengah Saint Joseph. There are also a number of international schools in the city. These include Marlborough College Malaysia , Shattuck-St. Mary’s Forest City International School, Raffles American School, Sunway International School. The other private universities are Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, University of Reading Malaysia, University of Southampton Malaysia. There are also

9120-1270: The city. The city also elects two representatives to the state legislature from the state assembly districts of Larkin and Stulang. The city is administered by the Johor Bahru City Council . The current mayor is Dato' Haji Mohd Noorazam bin Dato' Haji Osman, which took office since 15 August 2021. Johor Bahru obtained city status on 1 January 1994. The area under the jurisdiction of the Johor Bahru City Council includes Central District, Kangkar Tebrau, Kempas , Taman Sri Bahagia, Danga Bay, Taman Suria, Kampung Majidee Baru, Southkey, Taman Sri Tebrau, Taman Abad, Taman Sentosa, Banda Baru Uda, Taman Perling, Larkin , Majidee, Kampung Maju Jaya, Bandar Dato´ Onn, Seri Austin, Adda Heights, Taman Gaya, Taman Daya, Taman Bukit Aliff, Setia Tropika, Taman Johor, Taman Anggerik, Taman Sri Putra, Mount Austin, Pandan, Pasir Pelangi , Pelangi, Taman Johor Jaya, Taman Molek, Permas Jaya , Rinting, Tampoi , Tasek Utara and Tebrau . This covers an area of 220 square kilometres (85 sq mi). Currently there are 11 council members in

9240-409: The climate is relatively uniform, it does show some seasonal variation due to the effects of monsoons , with noticeable changes in wind speed and direction, cloud cover and amount of rainfall. There are two monsoon periods each year, the first one between mid-October and January, which is the north-east Monsoon. This period is characterised by heavier rainfall and wind from the north-east. The second one

9360-475: The dominance of economy by the non-Malays and the Malays' dominance in political matters being agreed upon by non-Malays. Racial conflict between the Malay and non-Malays, especially the Chinese, is being provoked continuously since the Malayan Emergency . After the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963, Johor Bahru continued as the state capital and more development was carried out, with

9480-435: The end of the old customs complex had been blocked. Roads exiting from the old customs complex have been diverted. The design envisages a re-direction of traffic flow to the new customs complex after the completion of the proposed new bridge to Singapore. The old customs complex will be torn down once the new customs complex begins operation. All this while, no agreement had been reached with the Singapore Government on replacing

9600-592: The event. A central business district was developed in the centre of the city from the mid-1990s in the area around Wong Ah Fook Street . The state and federal government channelled considerable funds for the development of the city—particularly more so after 2006, when the Iskandar Malaysia was formed. However, more than ten years of unbridled building construction in Iskandar, especially of higher-end high-rise apartments and commercial property, has led to

9720-503: The eventual Causeway. The plans were presented to the FMS, Straits Settlements and Johore governments in 1918. The plan was approved in 1919 after the sharing of the costs of constructing the Causeway, was negotiated between the three governments. By the engineering standards of its time, the Causeway was a technically challenging project. It was also one of the largest engineering projects in Malaya then. Many considerations were factored for

9840-417: The finalised design. Tidal studies were carried out prior to the construction and design features were incorporated in consideration to the structure itself, its surroundings, and continued ship passage through the Straits. The orientation also factored in the current railway terminations on both shores. The design would be 3,465 feet long, 60 feet wide, sufficient for two lines of metre-gauge railway tracks and

9960-522: The financial centre and logistics hub of southern Peninsular Malaysia , Johor Bahru has been ranked the second-most competitive city in the nation behind the capital, Kuala Lumpur . Geographically, it is located at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula , along the north bank of the Straits of Johor , north of the city-state metropolis of Singapore , specifically Woodlands . Johor Bahru serves as one of two international border crossings, on

10080-466: The former Cantonese clan house that was donated by Wong Ah Fook . The Foon Yew High School houses many historical documents of the city history with a Chinese cultural heritage. The Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum on Ibrahim Road includes the history of Chinese migration to Johor along with a collection of documents, photos, and other artefacts. The Johor Art Gallery in Petrie Road

10200-449: The foundation to be laid in the soft "white and pink clays" at the proposed site, have an opening span for ships to be allowed through the bridge, and have the rubble sourced from the quarries at Pulau Ubin and Bukit Timah as there were ample granite being sold at reasonable prices. Among the alternatives to the Causeway design were a bridge or upgrading the wagon-ferries and train ferries . The bridge proposal wasn't followed through because

10320-471: The increasing costs of the maintaining the ferries were a concern on the long-term viability of the ferries. The annual expenditure in 1912 was estimated to be 53,750 Straits dollars (£1.8 million in 2000). In 1917, Federated Malay States (FMS) Director of Public Works, W. Eyre Kenny's proposal to build a rubble causeway gained support among the Federal Council of the FMS. His suggestion was to have

10440-525: The land and to develop an agricultural economy in Johor. The Chinese planted the area with black pepper and gambier , while the Javanese dug parit ( canals ) to drain water from the land, build roads and plant coconuts . During this time, a Chinese businessman, pepper and gambier cultivator, Wong Ah Fook arrived; at the same time, the Kangchu and Javanese labour contract systems were introduced by

10560-462: The language primarily spoken by the local Chinese is Mandarin Chinese . The Chinese community is represented by several dialect groups: Hokkien and Teochew . The Indian community predominantly speaks Tamil , with a minority of Malayalam , Telugu and Punjabi speakers. 60% of the city's population is fluent in English, and it's higher among younger people. Johor Bahru is one of the fastest-growing cities in Malaysia after Kuala Lumpur . It

10680-475: The late 1940s, but were subsequently shelved since demand for water passage through the Causeway wasn't substantial enough to justify the reconstruction costs. During the Malayan Emergency of 1948 to 1960, as a strategic conduit between Singapore and Malaya, travellers were subjected to stringent security measures to impede the movement of enemy combatants and weapons between Singapore and Malaya. The checks, together with attacks on railway lines further aggravated

10800-483: The letter "e" at the end of the word, in the Malay language . The city's name is also spelt as Johor Baru or Johor Baharu. Johor Bahru was once known as Shantou , or "Little Swatow", by the city's Chinese community , as most of the Chinese residents are Teochew whose ancestry can be traced back to Shantou , China; they arrived in the mid-19th century, during the reign of Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim. The city, however,

10920-534: The metropolitan area. The Johor Bahru Inner Ring Road , which connects with the Sultan Iskandar customs complex , aids in controlling the traffic in and around the central business district. Access to the national expressway is provided through the North–South Expressway and Senai–Desaru Expressway . The Johor–Singapore Causeway links the city to Woodlands, Singapore with a six-lane road and

11040-567: The neighbouring Riau Malays in Riau Islands , Indonesia with significant populations of Javanese , Bugis and Banjarese among the local Johorean Malay population. The Chinese mainly are from the majority Hokkien and Teochew (among the local Chinese), while the Indian community mainly and predominantly are Tamils , there are also small populations of Telugus , Malayalis and Sikh Punjabis . The Malays are majority Muslims , while

11160-418: The newly appointed Governor of Straits Settlements and High Commissioner of the FMS, Sir Laurence Guillemard , his wife among other invited guests graced the ceremony on board Sea Belle, a sea yacht, in the middle of the Straits. The ceremony commenced with prayers and Governor Guillemard was invited to pull a silken cord which activated machinery to empty a load of rubble from a barge into the water. Sirens from

11280-444: The old site. The Sultan Ibrahim Building is another historical building in the city; built in 1936 by British architect Palmer and Turner , it was the centre of the administration of Johor as since the relocation from Telok Blangah in Singapore, the Johor government never had its own building. Before the current railway station was built, there was Johor Bahru railway station (formerly Wooden Railway) which has now been turned into

11400-405: The original blueprint of the causeway, connecting the water bodies on both sides of the causeway, four were damaged in British attempt to delay Japanese Army's advance into Singapore and was not repaired upon the return of the British colonial authorities due to costs; four were damaged during the 1975 widening project; and one was subsequently damaged in another development project. This has caused

11520-443: The partially completed Causeway was officially opened to passenger traffic. The Causeway was officially completed in 1924 when the finishing touches to the lock was done. With an estimated cost 17 million Straits dollars (£277 million in 2000), over 2,300 staff and labourers were employed to during the course of the construction. An opening ceremony was conducted in Johore on 28 June 1924. The Johore Sultan and Governor Guillemard graced

11640-402: The parties involved for this abortive attempt. In 2006, Badawi has said that "in [the] future, there won't be just one or two bridges between Malaysia and Singapore." That same year however, the Sultan of Johor called for the demolition of the link, reasoning that the Causeway is undermining the state economy as it is causing a brain drain. Vehicles have to pay toll charges at both sides of

11760-426: The piling works of this bridge was completed, but on 12 April 2006, construction was halted and scrapped by Mahathir's successor, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi , with growing complications in both negotiation (the conditions set by Singapore were strongly opposed by the people of Malaysia on grounds of national sovereignty ) and legal matters with Singapore. Malaysian government had to paid RM 257.4 million in compensation to

11880-427: The population of Johor Bahru as 497,067. The city's population today is a mixture of three main ethnicities – Malays, Chinese and Indians - along with other bumiputras . Malays comprise a plurality of the population at 240,323, followed by Chinese totalling 172,609, Indians totaling 73,319 and others totalling 2,957. Non-Malaysian citizens form a population of 2,585. The Malays in Johor Bahru are strongly related to

12000-547: The six-fold increase in railway receipts in Singapore from 82,000 Straits dollars (£2.7 million in 2000) in 1912 to 480,000 Straits dollars (£11.8 million in 2000) in 1916 as an evidence to the rapid growth of the railway traffic, and thus the FMS Railway Administration could not defer any longer on the improvement works required. The British government had consultant engineers Messrs Coode, Fitzmaurice, Wilson & Mitchell of Westminster to prepare plans for

12120-666: The status of the adviser was elevated to a status similar to that of a Resident in the Federated Malay States (FMS) during the reign of Sultan Ibrahim in 1914. In Johor Bahru, the Malay Peninsula railway extension was finished in 1909, and in 1923 the Johor–Singapore Causeway was completed. Johor Bahru developed at a modest rate between the First and Second World Wars . The secretariat building— Sultan Ibrahim Building —was completed in 1940 as

12240-566: The straits yearly between 2013 and 2015. A study found that nutrient rich water in the Singapore Strait , mainly waste discharge from passing ships, would enter the dead-ended western side of the Johor Straits and stayed long enough for algae to bloom. The marine life growth in the straits had been impacted, with a knock-on impact on local fishery with Orang Seletar , an indigenous ethnic group may one day not be able to fish for

12360-399: The strength of the Singapore dollar over the Malaysian ringgit as well as a higher quality of life . A few continue to reside within Johor and commute daily with either public or private motorised transportation to and from Singapore, enduring long journey times with extremely heavy traffic congestion on weekdays. The border is handled by immigration authorities of both countries at

12480-474: The surrounding ships then greeted the now emptied barge. A second barge of rubble was emptied as well with air tolak bala and air doa selamat being poured into the Straits. A gun salute of five rounds fired from Bukit Timbalan marked the end of the ceremony. British Malaya was impacted by the Depression of 1920–21 as she was a primary source for many commodities internationally. The constructions process

12600-503: The town of Kluang about 110 km from Johor Bahru. Other temporary lock-ups or prison cells are available in most police stations in the city, as in other parts of Malaysia. Johor Bahru is located along the Straits of Johor at the southern end of Peninsular Malaysia . Originally, the city area was only 12.12 km (4.68 sq mi) in 1933 before it was expanded to over 220 km (85 sq mi) in 2000. The city has an equatorial climate with consistent temperatures,

12720-545: The town's expansion and the construction of more new townships and industrial estates. The Indonesian confrontation did not directly affect Johor Bahru as the main Indonesian landing point in Johor was in Labis and Tenang in Segamat District as well Pontian District . There was only one active Indonesian spy organisation in the town, known as Gerakan Ekonomi Melayu Indonesia (GEMI). They frequently engaged with

12840-511: The traffic congestion on the Causeway. Additionally, the Causeway would be further congested during public holidays and festive seasons. The Causeway first became an international border when the Federation of Malaya achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Plans were made to introduce immigration controls at the Causeway, however, a system of strict identity card checks was implemented instead. The Causeway became an internal state border when

12960-514: The train to Malaysia. Southbound rail passengers clear Malaysian exit controls at JB Sentral, and Singapore immigration and customs on arrival at Woodlands Train Checkpoint. As far back as 1966, there were several calls by the Malaysians to remove the Causeway. In 1966, in the Johor state legislative council, the speaker said that the Causeway was "more a hindrance than anything else" while a port should be built close to Johor Bahru to rejuvenate

13080-471: The tunes Jeannie with the Light Brown Hair and Highland Laddie . The Causeway was then blown up with two explosions by Royal Engineers . The first wrecked the lock's lift-bridge, while the second caused a 70 feet wide gap in the Causeway and severed the water-carrying pipelines as well. Though this action forced the Japanese to cross the Straits elsewhere, they soon took the city and constructed

13200-408: The two sides for trading activities. Many residents in Singapore frequently visit the city during the weekends; some of them have also chosen to live in the city. Many of the city's residents work in Singapore. The internal roads linking different parts of the city are mostly federal roads constructed and maintained by Malaysian Public Works Department . There are five major highways linking

13320-633: Was given full autonomy to oversee the efficient management and maintenance of the Causeway. As the Japanese invasion of Malaya drew to a close, the Allied forces under the command of Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival began retreating from their positions in Johore, crossing the Causeway in the early hours of 31 January 1942. The last unit to cross over was the 2nd Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders who were bagpiped across by two bagpipers to

13440-463: Was increased to 3,420 on 14 March 2022. From 1 April 2022, the quota was lifted with no restrictions imposed on the mode of travel across the land connections. The Causeway is regularly described as one of the busiest land crossings in the world. It has been estimated that between 250,000 - 400,000 people use the causeway on a typical day. In March 2023, it was reported that about 376,000 people crossed Singapore's land checkpoints (including both

13560-620: Was moved from Johor Bahru city centre to Larkin, 5 kilometres away due to increasing congestion around the old intercity terminal in the city. Larkin Sentral received RM 10 million to upgrade their facilities which will be completed on 2016. The terminal serves mainly intercity bus services from Johor Bahru to various places in Peninsular Malaysia especially to Melaka , Seremban , Kuala Lumpur , Ipoh , Penang , Kota Bharu and other towns and cities. Express bus services to other towns in Johor like Batu Pahat , Muar and Mersing

13680-533: Was officially launched at the Second Link checkpoint between Singapore and Malaysia at the beginning of this month, but is currently only available for motorcycle lanes and bus passengers. The Southern Integrated Gateway consists of the Sultan Iskandar Building and the Johor Bahru Sentral railway station (JB Sentral). Sultan Iskandar Building is the customs , immigration and quarantine (CIQ) complex handling road traffic and pedestrians. It

13800-501: Was officially opened by the Malaysian Prime Minister , Abdullah Badawi on 1 December 2008 and went into full operations on 16 December 2008. The old Tanjung Puteri CIQ complex was subsequently demolished. As the new CIQ complex was located 1 km further inland from the old checkpoint, as well as the lack of a dedicated pedestrian walkway on the new access road, pedestrians are officially no longer allowed to cross

13920-539: Was opened in 1999 to accommodate the increasing traffic flow and the soot which had enveloped the old customs complex over the years. The old customs complex, built in the early 1970s, at the junction between Woodlands Road and Woodlands Centre Road closed after the new checkpoint was opened in July 1999, although the motorcycle lane remained opened in the morning until 2001, and it had been reopened on 1 March 2008 for goods vehicles only. The new checkpoint complex also houses

14040-478: Was originally known as Tanjung Puteri , and was a fishing village of the Malays . Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim then renamed Tanjung Puteri to Iskandar Puteri upon his arrival to the area in 1858, after acquiring the territory from Sultan Ali . It was renamed to Johor Bahru by Sultan Abu Bakar following the Temenggong's death. The word "Bah(a)ru" means "new" in Malay; thus, Johor Bahru means "New Johor". Bahru

14160-443: Was required to cede the sovereignty of the territory of Johor (except Kesang of Muar which would be the only territory under his control) to Temenggong Ibrahim. When both sides agreed on Temenggong acquiring the territory, he renamed it Iskandar Puteri and began to administer it from Telok Blangah in Singapore. As the area was still an undeveloped jungle, Temenggong encouraged the migration of Chinese and Javanese to clear

14280-414: Was through a ferry link. Railways across the peninsula, and in Singapore from the ferry point to Tank Road in the south of Singapore completed the trade transport network within British Malaya. From June 1909 onward, goods were transported on wagon-ferry, while passengers were transported on passenger ferries (3 ferries from 1912 onward, 2 ferries before 1912). The wagon-ferry could accommodate 6 wagons at

14400-476: Was thus under intense public scrutiny and criticism. Additionally, the British Admiralty would like to have the locks be widened and deepened to accommodate British warships. However, it was found to be difficult to engineer and was very costly. The FMS and Straits Settlements government thus had considered dropping the project. In January 1923, the lock was open for local sea craft. On 1 October,

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