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121-564: The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (also known as the LVMPD or Metro ) is a combined city and county law enforcement agency for the City of Las Vegas and Clark County, Nevada , United States. It is headed by the Sheriff of Clark County , who is publicly elected every four years. The sheriff is the only elected head law enforcement officer within the county, and, as such, the department

242-569: A U.S. Army soldier, received the 2018 Single Act of Heroism Award from the Congressional Medal of Honor Society for shielding and providing life saving medical treatment to injured concert-goers. An image of Cobos protecting a young woman, by photographer David Becker, went viral and he was later identified by the Army. Sgt. Austin Cox and Sgt. Michael Vura, helicopter mechanics with

363-426: A complimentary room on the 32nd floor. Four days later, he also checked into the directly connected Room 32–134. Both suites overlook the site of the concert at Las Vegas Village. During his stay at Mandalay Bay, Paddock spent much of his time gambling, usually at night. He interacted with employees more than ten times, including twice on the day of the shooting; an MGM Resorts International spokesperson said all

484-652: A state of emergency was declared in Clark County. Early on October 2, Sheriff Lombardo identified the suspect as Stephen Paddock. There were 60 deaths, not including that of Paddock. The immediate dead comprised 58 victims—36 women and 22 men—all of whom died from gunshot wounds. The oldest was 67; the youngest, 20. Thirty-four were from California; six from Nevada; four from Canada; two each from Alaska and Utah; and one each from Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Thirty-one of

605-410: A LEA's jurisdiction will be geographically divided into operations areas for administrative and logistical efficiency reasons. An operations area is often called a command , division , or office . Colloquially, they are known as beats . While the operations area of a LEA is sometimes referred to as a jurisdiction, any LEA operations area usually still has legal jurisdiction in all geographic areas

726-489: A bail hearing or trial, or those persons serving a sentence of 364 days or fewer. The CCDC has been the subject of controversy surrounding the treatment of inmates by officers. The facility has been criticized for its violations of human rights, with a major focus on verbal and sexual abuse to inmates as well as the use of controversial spit mask restraint for resistive detainees during the booking process. There have been several instances of pre-trial detention lasting for years at

847-635: A country, but is made up of personnel from several countries, such as the European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina . International LEAs are typically also multinational, but multinational LEAs are typically not international. LEAs which operate across a collection of countries tend to assist in law enforcement activities, rather than directly enforcing laws, by facilitating the sharing of information necessary for law enforcement between LEAs within those countries. Within

968-408: A country, the jurisdiction of law enforcement agencies can be organized and structured in a number of ways to provide law enforcement throughout the country. A law enforcement agency's jurisdiction can be for the whole country or for a division or sub-division within the country. When a LEA's jurisdiction is for the whole country, it is usually one of two broad types, either federal or national. When

1089-413: A divisional level. Such exercising of powers is typically specific arrangements between the federal and divisional governing bodies. Examples of federal law enforcement agencies include the: A federated approach to the organization of a country does not necessarily indicate the nature of the organization of law enforcement agencies within the country. Some countries, such as Austria and Belgium , have

1210-436: A door that provided immediate access to the floor, but found that it would not open. After Campos entered the floor, he discovered an L-shaped bracket screwed into the door and door frame, which prevented the door from opening. After reporting the discovery to his dispatch center, he heard what he thought was the sound of rapid drilling coming from Room 32–135 and went to investigate the matter. At approximately 10:05 p.m., he

1331-632: A large quantity of ammunition, and numerous high-capacity magazines capable of holding up to 100 rounds apiece were found in the suite. Fourteen of the firearms were .223-caliber AR-15-type semi-automatic rifles : three manufactured by Colt , two by Daniel Defense , two by FN Herstal , two by LWRC International , two by POF-USA , one with a .223 Wylde chamber by Christensen Arms, one made-to-order by LMT , and one by Noveske . The others were eight .308-caliber AR-10-type rifles, one .308-caliber Ruger American bolt-action rifle, and one .38-caliber Smith & Wesson Model 342 revolver. Some of

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1452-550: A law and identify other non-complying subjects. Lawful deception and use of law exemption by a LEA is typically subject to very strong judicial or open civil overview. For example, the Australian Federal Police's controlled operations are subject to open civil review by its governing body, the Parliament of Australia . Law enforcement agencies have other exemptions from laws to allow them to operate in

1573-506: A law by a specified subject. The judicial officer, if they agree, will then issue a legal instrument, typically called a search warrant , to the LEA, which must be presented to the relevant subject if possible. Subjects who do not comply with laws will usually seek to avoid detection by a LEA. When required, in order for the LEA to detect and investigate subjects not complying with laws, the LEA must be able to undertake its activities secretly from

1694-420: A leg wound on May 26, 2020. The department revised its decision, however, and on October 1, 2020, included both women in the count. In 2023, a probate case determined that the shares of Paddock's estate would be distributed among the families of 61 victims, though the attorney who handled the case declined to disclose the identity of the 61st person or how they died. The Las Vegas Review-Journal reported that

1815-620: A license" after his fingerprints were discovered on unfired armor-piercing ammunition inside Paddock's suite. He was sentenced in June 2020 to 13 months in prison. On August 3, 2018, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo held a press conference on the release of the LVMPD Criminal Investigative Report of the October 1 Mass Casualty Shooting . He said the 10-month investigation had revealed no evidence of conspiracy or

1936-864: A month before the shooting. Paddock also may have considered attacking other events. He had researched large-scale venues in cities such as Boston since at least May 2017 and had reserved a room overlooking the August 2017 Lollapalooza festival in Chicago, but did not use it. From September 17, Paddock stayed at The Ogden in Downtown Las Vegas , which overlooked the open-air Life is Beautiful festival that ran from September 22 to 24. Paddock's internet search terms from mid-September included "swat weapons", "ballistics chart 308", "SWAT Las Vegas", and "do police use explosives". Paddock arrived at Mandalay Bay on September 25, 2017, and booked into Room 32–135,

2057-489: A practical way. For example, many jurisdictions have laws which forbid animals from entering certain areas for health and safety reasons. LEAs are typically exempted from these laws to allow dogs to be used for search and rescue, drug search, explosives search, chase and arrest, etc. This type of exemption is not unique to LEAs. Sight assist dogs are also typically exempted from access restrictions . Members of LEAs may be permitted to openly display firearms in places where this

2178-450: A preliminary report on the event on January 18, 2018. Police speculate that Paddock acted alone and have not determined his motive. No links have been identified to any hate groups, terrorist groups or ideologies, and he did not record a reason for his actions. On February 2, 2018, Douglas Haig, an Arizona ammunition dealer, was charged in a Nevada federal court with "conspiracy to manufacture and sell armor-piercing ammunition without

2299-613: A rate similar to that of automatic firearms . Bump stocks were banned by the U.S. Justice Department in December 2018, but the ban was overturned by the Supreme Court for lacking a legislative basis in 2024. The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard immediately south of the city of Las Vegas in Clark County, Nevada . The Strip is known for its concentration of casinos and resort hotels , including

2420-463: A relatively unified approach to law enforcement, but still have operationally separate units for federal law enforcement and divisional policing. The United States has a highly fractured approach to law enforcement agencies generally, and this is reflected in American federal law enforcement agencies . In a federation, there will typically be separate LEAs with jurisdictions for each division within

2541-558: A safety impacting event. These include: Many LEAs have administrative and service responsibilities, often as their major responsibility, as well as their law enforcement responsibilities. This is typical of agencies such as customs or taxation agencies, which provide services and facilities to allow subjects to comply with relevant laws as their primary responsibilities. Private police are law enforcement bodies that are owned or controlled by non-governmental entities. Private police are often utilized in places where public law enforcement

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2662-523: A second gunman, and that the gunman's motive had not been definitely determined. Lombardo said "What we have been able to answer are the questions of who, what, when, where and how... what we have not been able to definitively answer is why Stephen Paddock committed this act." A report published by the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit in January 2019 said that "there was no single or clear motivating factor" for

2783-434: A subject with regulations or codes of practice may result in the revocation of a license for the subject to operate, and operating without a licence is typically illegal. Also, the failure to apply codes of practice can impact other subjects' safety and life, which can also be illegal. A LEA can be responsible for enforcing secular law or religious law such as Sharia or Halakha . The significant majority of LEAs around

2904-503: A time. Firearms training takes place at the LVMPD's John T. Moran Firearms Training Facility, located near Nellis Air Force Base , and named for the department's second sheriff. The facility is used by numerous local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. At the facility, recruits receive several weeks of firearms training during the academy. Commissioned police and corrections officers must attend firearms re-qualification four times

3025-904: A year. This re-qualification is for all firearms. The qualifications include known-distance targets and tactical courses of fire in both regular and low-light. Officers can choose their sidearm from a list of semi-automatic pistols manufactured by Beretta , Colt , Glock , Heckler & Koch , Kimber , Para-Ordnance/ Para USA , Ruger , SIG Sauer , Smith & Wesson , CZ P Series , Springfield Armory , Steyr Mannlicher , Unertl , Walther , Wilson Combat , STI Staccato P. The preferred calibers are 9×19mm Parabellum , .40 S&W , and .45 ACP . As of 2016, new academy recruits must qualify with an approved 9mm pistol. Officers are also allowed to customize their sidearms with such as slide serrations, compensators, flared mag wells, etc. Officers can also install Red Dot Sights/Optics on their service pistols but only after they completed their FTEP Phase and attend

3146-405: Is a direct jurisdictional responsibility and is different from the situation when a governing body makes arrangements with another governing body's LEA to provide law enforcement for its subjects. In federal polities, actions that violate laws in multiple geographical divisions within the federation are escalated to a federal LEA. In other cases, specific crimes deemed to be serious are escalated; in

3267-415: Is commonly understood by society, it is recognized formally by scholars and academics. A police agency's jurisdiction for social order and public safety will normally be the same as its jurisdiction for law enforcement. Military organizations often have law enforcement units. These units within armed forces are generally referred to as military police . This may refer to: The exact usage and meaning of

3388-497: Is divided into 77 precincts. Sometimes, the one legal jurisdiction is covered by more than one LEA, again for administrative and logistical efficiency reasons, or arising from policy, or historical reasons. In England and Wales , LEAs called constabularies have jurisdiction over their respective areas of legal coverage, but they do not normally operate out of their areas without formal liaison between them. The primary difference between separate agencies and operational areas within

3509-491: Is for social order within their jurisdiction and the relevant social order being highly codified as laws. Often, a LEA will have a specific internal unit to ensure that the LEA is complying with relevant laws such as the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's Office of Professional Responsibility. In some countries and regions, specialised or separate LEAs are established to ensure that other LEAs comply with laws and investigate potential violations of laws by law enforcers, like

3630-697: Is not under the direct control of its jurisdictional cities, Clark County, or the State of Nevada . Metro is the largest law enforcement agency in Nevada, and in 2009, was one of the largest police agencies in the United States according to Uniform Crime Reporting by the Federal Bureau of Investigation . The Clark County Detention Center is one of the largest jail systems in the United States, as well. The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD)

3751-463: Is often used in the United States to refer to police agencies, however, it also includes agencies with peace officer status or agencies which prosecute criminal acts. A county prosecutor or district attorney is considered to be the chief law enforcement officer of a county. Other responsibilities of LEAs are typically related to assisting subjects to avoid non-compliance with a law, assisting subjects to remain safe and secure, assisting subjects after

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3872-918: Is seen as being under-provided. For example, the San Francisco Patrol Special Police was formed to increase security in San Francisco during the California gold rush , and presently still exists to protect locations on the request of private clients. In Canada and the United States, many railroad companies have private railroad police. Examples include the BNSF Police Department , Canadian National Police Service , Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police Service , Union Pacific Police Department , etc. The Canadian National Police Service and Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police Service operate in both countries while

3993-505: Is the United Nations Police , which helps provide law enforcement during United Nations peacekeeping missions. To enable a LEA to prevent, detect, and investigate non-compliance with laws, the LEA is endowed with powers by its governing body which are not available to non LEA subjects of a governing body. Typically, a LEA is empowered to varying degrees to: These powers are not available to subjects other than LEAs within

4114-698: Is typically prohibited to civilians, violate various traffic laws in the course of their duties, or detain persons against their will. 2017 Las Vegas shooting On October 1, 2017, a mass shooting occurred when 64-year-old Stephen Paddock opened fire on the crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip in Nevada from his 32nd-floor suites in the Mandalay Bay hotel. He fired more than 1,000 rounds, killing 60 people and wounding at least 413. The ensuing panic brought

4235-600: The Drug Enforcement Administration would not, as even though they investigate drug smuggling , their jurisdiction does not cover specifically tobacco smuggling. In other cases, an LEA's involvement is determined based on whether their involvement is requested; the Australian Federal Police , for instance, has jurisdiction over all of Australia , but usually takes on complex serious matters referred to it by another agency, and

4356-574: The Medal of Valor for their actions in treating the wounded, creating escape routes, and shielding concert-goers. McGrath was also presented the Lifesaving Medal by Jonathan Smith, a civilian who survived a gunshot wound to the neck due to McGrath's quick actions. Detective Scott Gosnell and Officers Caitlin Milligan, Eric Hansen, Bryan Johnson, William Hernandez Jr. and Braden Wilson received

4477-847: The National Public Security Force —but the Highway Police, Railroad Police, and Penal Police are restricted to specific area jurisdictions (the Brazilian Highway System , railways , and prisons respectively) and do not investigate crimes , the Federal Police performs various police duties across the country and does investigate crimes, while the National Public Security Force is a rapid reaction force deployed to assist state authorities on request. Often,

4598-678: The New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption or the Ontario Special Investigations Unit . Typically, a LEA is established and constituted by the governing body it is supporting, and the personnel making up the LEA are from the governing body's subjects. For reasons of either logistical efficiency or policy, some divisions with a country will not establish their own LEAs but will instead make arrangements with another LEA, typically from

4719-665: The Ontario Provincial Police for Ontario , Canada ), within a division of an administrative division (e.g. the Miami-Dade Police Department for Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States ), or across a collection of states typically within an international organization or political union (e.g. Europol for the European Union ). Sometimes, an LEA's jurisdiction is determined by the type of violation committed relative to

4840-625: The U.S. Marines at Camp Pendleton , received the Navy and Marine Corps Medal , the highest noncombat decoration awarded for heroism by the Department of the Navy , for braving gunfire to save victims and get them out of the line of fire. Petty Officer First Class Brian Mazi, with the U.S. Navy , who was attending the event with his wife, was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his actions. Petty Officer Second Class Traci Huddleston of

4961-638: The United States Coast Guard received the Coast Guard Medal for her actions in response to the shooting. Huddleston was awarded for “demonstrat[ing] remarkable initiative, exceptional fortitude, and daring in spite of imminent personal danger”. Sgt. Chasen Brown with the Utah Army National Guard was awarded the Medal of Valor for saving at least half a dozen other concert-goers. For 60–90 minutes after

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5082-443: The 31st floor reported the sounds of gunfire on the floor above them. When officers arrived on the 32nd floor at 10:17   p.m. and encountered Campos a minute later, he directed them to Paddock's room and helped others evacuate. Campos was then directed to seek medical attention for himself. Between 10:26 p.m. and 10:30   p.m., eight additional officers arrived at the 32nd floor; some of those officers manually breached

5203-489: The 43-story Mandalay Bay southwest of its intersection with Mandalay Bay Road, in the unincorporated town of Paradise . Las Vegas Village , a 15-acre (6-hectare) lot used for outdoor performances, was located diagonally across the intersection to the northeast and owned by MGM Resorts International . From 2014 onward, the venue hosted the annual Route 91 Harvest country music festival. The 2017 festival ran from September 29 to October 1, with over 22,000 attendees on

5324-567: The 61st person was a survivor who died by suicide after the shooting. The incident is the deadliest mass shooting committed by an individual in the United States, exceeding the death toll of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting , in which 49 people were killed. Approximately 867 people were injured, at least 413 of them with gunshot wounds or shrapnel injuries. In the aftermath, many victims were transported to area hospitals, which included University Medical Center of Southern Nevada , Sunrise Hospital & Medical Center , and at least one of

5445-490: The AR-15 rifles were fitted with vertical forward grips and bump stocks , the latter of which allowed for recoil to actuate their triggers at a rate of 90 rounds in 10 seconds. The AR-10 rifles were equipped with various telescopic sights and mounted on bipods. Paddock was found to have fired a total of 1,058 rounds from fifteen of the firearms: 1,049 from twelve AR-15-style rifles, eight from two AR-10-style rifles, and

5566-623: The American tiers, the Chicago Police Department has jurisdiction over Chicago , but not necessarily the rest of Cook County ; while the Cook County Sheriff's Office has jurisdiction over Cook County, for the most part they patrol unincorporated area and operate Cook County Jail , and leave municipalities to municipal police departments; and the rest of Illinois , primarily its state highways , are under

5687-403: The Australian Federal Police is a federal agency and has the legal power to enforce the laws enacted by any Australian state, but will generally only enforce state law if there is a federal aspect to investigate. Typically, federal LEAs have relatively narrow police responsibilities, the individual divisions within the federation usually establish their own police agencies to enforce laws within

5808-610: The LEA operates, but by policy and consensus the operations area does not normally operate in other geographical operations areas of the LEA. For example, since 2019 the frontline or territorial policing of the United Kingdom 's Metropolitan Police has been divided into 12 Basic Command Units, each consisting of two, three, or four of the London boroughs , while the New York City Police Department

5929-433: The LEA's jurisdiction and are typically subject to judicial and civil overview. Usually, these powers are only allowed when it can be shown that a subject is probably already not complying with a law. For example, to undertake an intrusive search, typically a LEA must make an argument and convince a judicial officer of the need to undertake the intrusive search on the basis that it will help detect or prove non-compliance with

6050-740: The LVMPD (that is they were commissioned solely as members of the LVMPD). Sheriff Gillespie rose to, and retired at, the appointed rank of undersheriff prior to assuming public office as the duly elected Sheriff of Clark County. The department operates the Clark County Detention Center. It is used to house inmates arrested in their patrol area, with the exception of misdemeanors committed in the City of Las Vegas, which maintains its own jail. It also holds persons who are wanted for extradition to another jurisdiction, persons who are awaiting

6171-557: The Las Vegas Township Constable's Office. Las Vegas Township Constable's Office continues to be a separate entity but under Metro's Detention Services Division. The Las Vegas Metro Police Department has more than 5,800 members. Of these, over 2,900 are police officers of various ranks and over 750 are corrections officers of various ranks. In November 2024, venture capitalist Ben Horowitz was reported to have funded at least $ 7.6 million in LVMPD purchases during

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6292-542: The Las Vegas Valley. The LVMPD rank structure is as follows: This department provides law enforcement services for all of Clark County, including the City of Las Vegas, yielding primary jurisdiction to the following agencies: The LVMPD is led by the sheriff; second in command is the undersheriff, who is assisted by three assistant sheriffs. The Office of Intergovernmental Services, the Office of General Counsel,

6413-582: The Office of Public Information, the Office of Finance, The Police Employee Assistance Program (PEAP), and the Office of the Sheriff Executive Staff report to the undersheriff. Four of the six elected Clark County sheriffs since the LVMPD was consolidated in 1973 are former members of either the Clark County Sheriff's Office (CCSO) or Las Vegas Police Department (LVPD). Former Sheriffs Young and Gillespie are retired members of

6534-907: The Solomon Islands which has a Participating Police Force working in conjunction with the Solomon Islands Police Force . In circumstances where the United Nations is already providing an administrative support capability within the country, the United Nations may directly establish and constitute a LEA on behalf of the country, as occurred under the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor , which operated in Timor-Leste from 1999 to 2002; related

6655-623: The Southern Nevada Counter Terrorism Center, Police Records, and a Fingerprint Bureau annex. The police services of the department are funded by both the City of Las Vegas and Clark County. Police services funding is based on a complex formula that includes population, calls for service, and felony crimes in the prior year. Both entities must approve the annual budget, including the percentage of budget they are responsible for. The department itself generates approximately 33% of its funds through property tax, and

6776-481: The United States, the FBI has responsibility for the investigation of all kidnapping cases, regardless of whether it involves the crossing of state lines. Some countries provide law enforcement on land and in buildings owned or controlled by the federation by using a federal LEA; for example, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is responsible for some aspects of federal property law enforcement Typically, LEAs working in different jurisdictions which overlap in

6897-613: The agency will undertake its own investigations of less serious or complex matters by consensus. LEA jurisdictions for a country and its divisions can typically be at more than one level. The United States has five basic tiers of law enforcement jurisdiction: federal , state , county , municipality , and special jurisdiction ( tribal , airport , transit , railroad , etc.). Only the municipal, county, and state levels are involved in direct policing (i.e. uniformed officers with marked cars and regular patrols), and these can still depend on each agency's role and function. As an example for

7018-466: The airport grounds as they fled from the shooting. This prompted officials to shut down all four runways. More than 25 flights were rerouted to ensure that no aircraft would be hit by gunfire, while other flights were canceled before airfield operations resumed at 12:40   a.m. on October 2. Much of Las Vegas Boulevard was closed while police SWAT teams combed the venue and neighboring businesses. At approximately 2:45   p.m. PDT on October 2,

7139-411: The charging for certain services, such as special events, work cards , and privileged license investigations. Additional funding is generated from a special sales tax to fund commissioned positions. By state law, the sheriff is charged with running the county jail, known as the Clark County Detention Center or CCDC, which is funded solely by the government and tax base of Clark County. Additionally,

7260-612: The close working relationship between the Clark County Sheriff and the Las Vegas Police Chief at that time. It was said that even police officers on the Las Vegas Police Department could see that it would be better if the agency were run by the Sheriff, due to the fact that he was an elected official. Legislation to merge the Las Vegas Police Department with the Clark County Sheriff's Department

7381-399: The combined responsibilities that federal LEAs and divisional LEAs would have in a federated country. National LEAs are usually divided into operational areas. To help avoid confusion over jurisdictional responsibility, some federal LEAs, such as the U.S. FBI, explicitly advise that they are not a national law enforcement agency. A national police agency is a national LEA that also has

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7502-490: The country has a federal constitution , an LEA responsible for the entire country is referred to as a federal law enforcement agency . The responsibilities of a federal LEA vary from country to country. Federal LEA responsibilities are typically countering fraud against the federation, immigration and border control regarding people and goods, investigating currency counterfeiting, policing of airports and protection of designated national infrastructure, national security, and

7623-409: The crowd initially mistook the gunfire for fireworks. During the shooting, a security fence hindered concertgoers from fleeing the 15-acre (6-hectare) concrete lot. The gunfire continued, with some momentary pauses, over the span of ten minutes and ended by 10:15   p.m. During these pauses (during reload and while the assailant was confronting Campos), most concertgoers down below were able to flee

7744-618: The decision to encrypt their radio channels was made back in 2015 due to officer safety concerns. However, since the switch was made fairly soon after the 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting , some speculate that the change was inspired after the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department's radio traffic of the event was recorded and released to the media. Las Vegas Metro uses many vehicles from brands including Ford , Hyundai , Nissan , Jeep , Buick , and Chevrolet as marked or unmarked vehicles. However, after

7865-613: The department's "Exceptional Performance Citation" for assisting concert-goers and helping them escape the venue. Officials from the FBI and the ATF responded to assist in the investigation. According to authorities with the Clark County Commission, the name "1 October" was declared the official title for investigations into the mass shooting. Investigators found hidden surveillance cameras that were placed inside and outside

7986-425: The division. However, in some countries federal agencies have jurisdiction in divisions of the federation. This typically happens when the division does not have its own independent status and is dependent on the federation. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is one such federal agency that also acts as the sole police agency for Canada's three territories , Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon . This

8107-420: The door Paddock had screwed shut with the bracket. The gunfire had ceased, and the police moved systematically down the hallway, searching and clearing each room, using a master key that was provided by Campos. At 10:55   p.m., the officers finished evacuating guests. At 11:20   p.m., over an hour after the initial officers arrived on the 32nd floor, police breached Room 32–135 with explosives. Paddock

8228-568: The door that Campos had reported as being barricaded. The already-wounded Campos encountered Schuck and told him to take cover. Schuck contacted hotel dispatchers over his radio, informed them of the ongoing shooting, and told them to call the police. Neither the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department nor MGM Resorts International , the Mandalay Bay's owner, have confirmed when information about

8349-487: The federal government, and reduces the number of agencies policing the same geographical area. In circumstances where a country or division within a country is not able to establish stable or effective LEAs, typically police agencies, the country might invite other countries to provide personnel, experience, and organisational structure to constitute a LEA, such as the Regional Assistance Mission to

8470-436: The federation. A federal LEA will have primary responsibility for laws which affect the federation as whole, and which have been enacted by the governing body of the federation. Members of a federal LEA may be given jurisdiction within a division of a federation for laws enacted by the governing bodies of the divisions either by the relevant division within the federation, or by the federation's governing body. By way of example,

8591-614: The final day. Stephen Paddock was a 64-year-old former auditor and real estate businessman who had been living 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Las Vegas in a retirement community in Mesquite, Nevada . He was twice divorced, had a long-term girlfriend, and had no known children. He was a son of Benjamin Paddock , a bank robber who was on the FBI's most-wanted list between 1969 and 1977. Paddock's only recorded interactions with law enforcement were traffic citations . Paddock

8712-702: The form of higher-tier agencies assisting lower-tier agencies. In some countries, national or federal police may be involved in direct policing as well, though what they focus on and what their duties are may vary. In Brazil , there are five federal police forces with national jurisdiction—the Federal Police of Brazil , the Federal Highway Police , the Federal Railroad Police , the Federal Penal Police, and

8833-621: The gun dealer he approached did not have the item in stock. He bought tracer ammunition from a private seller at a gun show in Phoenix, Arizona . In addition, ammonium nitrate (often used in improvised explosive devices ) was found in the trunk of his Hyundai Tucson SUV, along with 1,600 rounds of ammunition and 50 pounds (23 kg) of Tannerite , a binary explosive used to make explosive targets for gun ranges. Undersheriff Kevin McMahill said that while Paddock had "nefarious intent" with

8954-415: The hotel room, presumably so Paddock could monitor the arrival of others. The cameras were not in record mode. Police said a handwritten note found in the room indicated Paddock had been calculating the distance, wind, and trajectory from his 32nd floor hotel suite to the concertgoers he was targeting on the festival lot. At a press conference on October 4, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo stated there

9075-411: The incident, police officials inaccurately reported that Campos arrived on the scene after Paddock began firing into the crowd. In a second statement, police officials reported, again inaccurately, that Campos was shot six minutes before Paddock began firing into the crowd. That report had been based on a 9:59 p.m. notation in a hotel security log, which in a third statement was determined to have been

9196-444: The initial shooting was relayed to the police. After Paddock used a hammer to break two of the windows in both of his suites, he began shooting through them at 10:05   p.m. He ultimately fired over 1,000 rifle rounds approximately 490 yards (450 m) into the festival audience. He initially started out with a few single gunshots before firing in bursts that usually ranged from 80 rounds to 100 rounds. Many people in

9317-455: The interactions were "normal in nature". Cell phone records show that he also made multiple visits to his home in Mesquite. With help from hotel bellmen , he brought five suitcases to his room on September 25, seven on the 26th, two on the 28th, six on the 30th, and two on October 1. On September 30, he placed "do not disturb" signs on the doors of both rooms. Twenty-four firearms,

9438-500: The interests of the country as a whole (e.g. United Kingdom 's His Majesty's Revenue and Customs ). Many law enforcement agencies are police agencies that have a broad range powers and responsibilities. Police agencies, however, also often have a range of responsibilities not specifically related to law enforcement. These responsibilities relate to social order and public safety. While this understanding of policing, being more encompassing than just law enforcement has grown with and

9559-545: The jurisdiction of the Illinois State Police . All three technically have overlapping jurisdictions, and though their regular duties are fairly different and they typically avoid each other's responsible areas (the Cook County Sheriff's Office typically avoids patrolling Chicago unless it is for penal or court-related duties), they are still capable of assisting each other if necessary, usually in

9680-529: The late 1970s, more than 100 LVMPD officers and civilian employees have been implicated in documented instances of police misconduct and/or actual criminal activity, with numerous incidents resulting in lawsuit settlements in excess of a million dollars apiece. A later excessive force case was tried in Davis v. City of Las Vegas . According to the New Yorker , the LVMPD had "a long-standing reputation as one of

9801-686: The laws the LEA enforces, who or what the violation affects, or the seriousness of the violation. For example, in the United States, the Postal Inspection Service primarily investigates crimes affecting or misusing the services of the United States Postal Service , such as mail and wire fraud . If, hypothetically, a Postal Inspection Service investigation uncovered tobacco smuggling , the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives would be involved, but

9922-679: The local blood bank in the days following the shooting, and the American Red Cross reported a 53% increase in blood donation in the two days following the shooting. It was later reported that over 15% of the blood donated in Las Vegas after the shooting went unused, prompting questions about the benefit of widespread calls for blood donation following mass shootings. Millions of dollars have also been raised to help victims and their families. Martin Heffernan, Assistant Scoutmaster ,

10043-469: The material, he did not appear to have assembled an explosive device. The mass shooting occurred between 10:05 p.m. and 10:15 p.m. on October 1, 2017, which was the third and final night of the festival. When the shooting began, country music singer Jason Aldean was giving the closing performance. Shortly before 10:00   p.m., hotel security guard Jesus Campos was sent to the 32nd floor to investigate an open-door alert. He attempted to open

10164-432: The metropolitan area would call the wrong agency to report crimes in progress, which would delay police response. Both agencies were also strapped for manpower, yet used a lot of it duplicating record-keeping and administrative functions in both of the agencies. The idea of consolidating the two law enforcement agencies into one metropolitan department began to circulate among the top officials in both agencies, likely due to

10285-491: The most violent in the country" before it implemented reforms, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Justice, in the 2010s. LVMPD operated on a digital radio system (DesertSky), which was turned on in 2011. As of February 2018, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department encrypted their radio frequencies; blocking the public from using police scanners, with no delayed web feed provided (as many other agencies have done). The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department stated that

10406-490: The non-complying subject. This, however, may require the LEA to explicitly not comply with a law other subjects must comply with. To allow the LEA to operate and comply with the law, it is given lawful exemption to undertake secret activities. Secret activities by a LEA are often referred to as covert operations . To deceive a subject and carry out its activities, a LEA may be lawfully allowed to secretly: to typically collect information about and evidence of non-compliance with

10527-887: The one legal jurisdiction is the degree of flexibility to move resources between versus within agencies. When multiple LEAs cover the one legal jurisdiction, each agency still typically organizes itself into operations areas. In the United States, within a state's legal jurisdiction, county and city LEAs do not have full legal jurisdictional flexibility throughout the state, and this has led in part to mergers of adjacent police agencies. Jurisdictionally, there can be an important difference between international LEAs and multinational LEAs, even though both are often referred to as "international", even in official documents. An international law enforcement agency has jurisdiction and or operates in multiple countries and across state borders, such as Interpol . A multinational law enforcement agency will typically operate in only one country, or one division of

10648-450: The others operate only in the US. Many LEAs are also involved in the monitoring or application of regulations and codes of practice. See, for example, Australian Commercial Television Code of Practice , building code , and code enforcement . Monitoring of the application of regulations and codes of practice is not normally considered law enforcement. However, the consistent non-compliance by

10769-574: The police functions at Harry Reid International Airport are also solely funded by Clark County. There are two commissioned career tracks in the LVMPD. They have identical civil service rank structures and pay, but different day-to-day tasks and responsibilities. The LVMPD is divided into ten urban area commands: When Metro was formed in 1973, the Las Vegas Valley was served by only three area commands: North, South and West. Other major coverage details: Traffic Bureau (all sectors), Airport Division (Sector Q), and nine different rural areas outside

10890-470: The previous few years, and to have acted as facilitator between the department and at least six of his a16z portfolio companies. Purchases from Horowitz's donations include Skydi o drones , in which he was an early investor. On November 12, 2024, LVMPD officers attended a 911 call for a break-in at a home in Sunset Park, where the caller, resident Brandon Durham, was fatally shot by police. Since

11011-404: The previous two years but had paid off all gambling debts before the shooting. In the year prior to the shooting, Paddock's girlfriend noted a change in his demeanor; he had become increasingly distant, and their relationship was no longer intimate . According to his girlfriend, Paddock repeatedly cased Las Vegas Village from different windows in their room when they stayed at the Mandalay Bay

11132-455: The protection of the country's head of state and of other designated very important persons, such as the U.S. Secret Service or the U.S. Department of State Diplomatic Security Service . A federal police agency is a federal LEA that also has the typical police responsibilities of social order and public safety as well as federal law enforcement responsibilities. However, a federal police agency will not usually exercise its powers at

11253-419: The relevant sub-national jurisdiction, and may cooperate in law enforcement activities with municipal or national police where either exist. LEAs can be responsible for the enforcement of laws affecting the behavior of people or the general community (e.g. New York City Police Department ), the behavior of commercial organizations and corporations (e.g. Australian Securities and Investments Commission ), or for

11374-765: The retirement of the Ford Crown Victoria in 2011, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police went through a short session of testing vehicles. As a result, the Ford Explorer took the place of the Crown Victoria, the main patrol vehicle. Construction was completed on LVMPD's 370,500-square-foot headquarters, located at 400 S. Martin L. King Boulevard, in mid 2011. The building consolidated 27 bureaus, which were previously located in leased buildings around Las Vegas. It also houses

11495-476: The round used to kill himself from the Smith & Wesson revolver. During the subsequent investigation, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives determined that the firearms found in his hotel room, along with more guns found in his homes, had been legally purchased in Nevada, California, Texas , and Utah . In the month preceding the shooting, he had attempted to purchase tracer ammunition , but

11616-555: The same country, to provide law enforcement within the division. For example, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is a federal agency and is contracted by most of Canada 's provinces and many municipalities to police them, even though law enforcement in Canada is constitutionally a divided responsibility. This arrangement has been achieved by formal agreement between those provinces and municipalities and

11737-546: The shooter was still active . She is the only civilian in medical services to receive this honor. Trooper Ross Woodward, a British soldier from the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards , who was off-duty at a nearby hotel when the shooting began, was awarded the Queen's Commendation for Bravery for his actions during the event. His citation stated that "he consciously, deliberately and repeatedly advanced towards danger, moving people to safety and treating casualties". Matthew Cobos,

11858-579: The shooting have been accused of being crisis actors , and some have received death threats on social media. Conspiracy theorists have claimed that there were multiple shooters and that details of the massacre are being covered up for the sake of promoting gun control laws. After some media outlets reported that YouTube search results for information about the shooting returned links to conspiracy videos, YouTube said it had tweaked its search algorithm to promote news sources which it considered more authoritative. Political scientist Joseph Uscinski suggested

11979-513: The shooting location, was closed to the public. Also, an erroneous emergency services announcement made one hour after the shooting reported UMC had reached capacity and was on diversion. This confusion persisted for several hours and led to most patients being transported to Sunrise, a Level II trauma center. On the morning after the shooting, lines to donate blood in Las Vegas stretched for blocks, and wait times were as much as six hours or more. In Las Vegas alone, 800 units of blood were donated to

12100-458: The shooting required blood transfusions, which totaled 499 components in the first 24 hours of treatment. This blood was rapidly replaced by available blood from local and national blood banks. University Medical Center, the Level I trauma center in Las Vegas, was difficult to access for the more than 50% of patients transported by private vehicles because Interstate 15, the most direct route from

12221-539: The shooting stopped, he continued to assess and aid casualties. Detective Conor O'Donnell of the Rhode Island State Police , who had attended the event with his girlfriend, was awarded a service ribbon. The San Diego Police Department honored nine officers and two detectives from their department who were vacationing separately in Las Vegas. Detective Michael Vo and Officers Thomas McGrath, Mark Williams, Max Verduzco and Richard Barton received

12342-484: The shooting, died more than two years later on November 15, 2019. On August 24, 2020, the San Bernardino County medical examiner officially attributed her death to the shooting, though the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD) declined at the time to include her in the official death toll. The LVMPD also initially declined to include a 49-year-old Nevada woman who died from complications of

12463-476: The shooting, police officers were initially confused whether the shots were coming from the Mandalay Bay, the nearby Luxor hotel , or the festival grounds. There were also multiple false reports of additional shooters at other hotels on the Strip. Officers eventually spotted multiple muzzle flashes from the middle of the northern side of Mandalay Bay and responded to the hotel. At 10:12   p.m., two officers on

12584-560: The shooting. Following the shooting, misinformation and fake news about the shooter's identity and motive went viral on social media : Google and Facebook were criticized for displaying such false news stories in some of their search results. Alexis Madrigal of The Atlantic accused the two technology companies of failing in their responsibility to keep these from reaching the public. Facebook later said its algorithms were designed to detect and remove false stories, but failed to work adequately in this instance. Survivors of

12705-478: The six hospitals of Valley Health System . Sunrise Hospital treated the largest portion of the wounded: 199 patients, 150 of whom arrived within about 40 minutes. University Medical Center treated 104 patients. Additionally, six victims sought medical treatment in Southern California ; UC Irvine Medical Center treated four and Loma Linda University Medical Center treated two. Many victims of

12826-504: The specified training course. Skydio drones Law enforcement agency LEAs which have their ability to apply their powers restricted in some way are said to operate within a jurisdiction . Jurisdictions are traditionally restricted to a geographic area and territory. LEA might be able to apply its powers within a state (e.g. the National Police for the entirety of France ), within an administrative division (e.g.

12947-514: The terms military police , provost , security forces , and gendarmerie vary from country to country. Non-military law enforcement agencies are sometimes referred to as civilian police , but usually only in contexts where they need to be distinguished from military police. However, they may still possess a military-like structure and protocol. In most countries, the term law enforcement agency when used formally includes agencies other than only police agencies. The term law enforcement agency

13068-524: The time when Campos encountered the barricaded door. Sheriff Lombardo dismissed allegations that the changing timeline was the result of some kind of conspiracy between the police department, the FBI, and MGM Resorts International saying, "Nobody is attempting to hide anything in reference to this investigation. The dynamics and the size of this investigation requires us to go through voluminous amounts of information in order to draw an accurate picture." The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department released

13189-436: The total number of injured to approximately 867. About an hour later, he was found dead in his room from a self-inflicted gunshot wound . The motive for the shooting is officially undetermined. The incident is the deadliest mass shooting by a lone gunman in American history. It focused attention on firearms laws in the U.S. , particularly with regard to bump stocks , which Paddock used to fire shots in rapid succession, at

13310-437: The type of law non-compliance actively establish mechanisms for cooperation, establish joint operations and joints task forces. Often, members of a LEA working outside of their normal jurisdiction on joint operations or task force are sworn in as special members of the host jurisdiction. A national law enforcement agency is a LEA in a country which does not have divisions capable of making their own laws. A national LEA has

13431-771: The typical police responsibilities of social order and public safety as well as national law enforcement responsibilities. Examples of countries with non-federal national police agencies are New Zealand , Italy , Indonesia , France , Ireland , Japan , Netherlands , Malaysia , the Philippines , and Nicaragua . State police , provincial police , or regional police are a type of subnational territorial police force found in nations organized as federations , typically in North America , South Asia , and Oceania , because each of their state police are mostly at country level. These forces typically have jurisdiction over

13552-400: The venue. In addition to shooting at the concertgoers, Paddock fired eight bullets at a large jet fuel tank at McCarran International Airport 2,000 feet (600 m) away. Two of those bullets struck the exterior of the tank, with one bullet penetrating the tank. The fuel did not explode because jet fuel is mostly kerosene , which is unlikely to ignite when struck by a bullet. During

13673-549: The victims were pronounced dead at the scene; twenty-seven died from their wounds at hospitals, the last on October 3, two days after the shooting. An employee of the Las Vegas police department and an employee of the Manhattan Beach police department were both shot and killed. Paddock's suicide was the only death at the Mandalay Bay Hotel. A 57-year-old woman from California, who had been paralyzed in

13794-419: The world are secular, and their governing bodies separating religious matters from the governance of their subjects. Religious law enforcement agencies, such as Saudi Arabia 's Mutaween or Iran 's Guidance Patrol , exist where full separation of government and religious doctrine has not occurred, and are generally considered police agencies, typically religious police , because their primary responsibility

13915-406: Was a high-stakes gambler who placed bets at a high enough level to earn valuable comps —free benefits such as rooms and meals. He was a familiar figure to casino hosts in Las Vegas but was not well known among other high-stakes gamblers because he mostly played single-player video poker . He reportedly kept to himself and was a heavy drinker. Paddock had lost a significant amount of his wealth over

14036-545: Was evidence—which he declined to discuss—that Paddock intended to escape the scene, and that he may have had assistance from an accomplice. Investigators searched Paddock's room and found a " bulletproof vest " and breathing apparatus , neither of which was used by Paddock. There have been several changes in the official account and timeline of Paddock's shooting of hotel security guard Campos. Police officials described these adjustments as "minute changes" that are common in complex investigations. In their first statement about

14157-558: Was formed on July 1, 1973, by merging the Las Vegas Police Department with the Clark County Sheriff's Department . Metro serves the city limits of Las Vegas and the unincorporated areas and towns of Clark County . In the early 1970s, both the Las Vegas Police Department and the Clark County Sheriff's Department struggled with jurisdictional and budgetary problems. Oftentimes, people living in

14278-459: Was found dead on the floor from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head. Police then breached Room 32–134; while entering the hotel suite, an officer accidentally fired a three-round burst from his weapon, but the bullets did not hit anyone. At 11:27   p.m., officers announced over the police radio that a suspect was down. McCarran Airport, adjacent to the shooting site, was shut down for several hours. Approximately 300 people entered

14399-412: Was hit in the right thigh by one of about 35 bullets that Paddock fired through the door of his suite. After Campos was hit, he took cover in the alcove between Rooms 32–122 and 32–124 and immediately informed the hotel by radio and cellphone that he had been shot, though he believed he had been shot with a BB or pellet gun . At the same time, maintenance worker Stephen Schuck was on the same floor to fix

14520-517: Was honored by Boy Scouts of America for demonstrating unusual heroism and extraordinary skill in saving or attempting to save a life at extreme risk to self with the Honor Award with Crossed Palms. Brittany Speer, an EMT at UCLA , received a Medal of Courage from the University of California Police Department (UCPD) for her bravery in setting up a triage area and treating victims while

14641-531: Was passed by the Nevada State Legislature, and the merger became effective in 1973. In 1999, an outside audit conducted by DMG-Maximus, commended the department for having fewer managers and supervisors than are typically found in large police agencies. The audit also said that the managers, both sworn and civilian, were of "excellent quality". On January 5, 2015, the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department officially assumed responsibility for

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