Westphalian or Westfalish ( Standard High German : Westfälisch , Standard Dutch : Westfaals ) is one of the major dialect groups of Low German . Its most salient feature is its diphthongization (rising diphthongs). For example, speakers say iäten ( [ɪɛtn̩] ) instead of etten or äten for "to eat". (There is also a difference in the use of consonants within the Westphalian dialects: North of the Wiehengebirge , people tend to use unvoiced consonants, whereas south of the Wiehengebirge they tend to use the voiced equivalents, e.g. Foite > Foide .)
24-734: Iserlohn ( German: [iːzɐˈloːn] ; Westphalian : Iserlaun ) is a city in the Märkischer Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany. It is the largest city by population and area within the district and the Sauerland region. Iserlohn is located at the north end of the Sauerland near the Ruhr river, in West-Central Germany. The Pancratius church (also called Bauernkirche)
48-511: A villa on the Caelian Hill . They were converted to Christianity by one Marcellinus, and Pancras became a zealous adherent of the religion. Dionysius subsequently died, leaving Pancras on his own. During the persecution of Christians by Emperor Diocletian , around 303 AD, he was brought before the authorities and asked to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods . Diocletian, impressed with
72-742: A form of German based on the written standard. Westphalian was spoken in Kruppwerke up to the 19th century. Nevertheless, the Westphalian regiolect of Standard High German includes some words that originate from the dying Westphalian dialects, which are otherwise unintelligible for other German speakers from outside Westphalia. Examples include Pölter [ˈpœltɐ] "pyjamas/pajamas", Plörre [ˈplœʁə] "dirty liquid", and Mötke [ˈmœtkə] "mud, dirt". Westphalian authors include: Münsterländisch: East Westphalian: South Westphalian: Pancras of Rome Pancras ( Latin : Sanctus Pancratius )
96-431: A special status compared to most other municipalities in the district. This means that the city takes on tasks more usually performed by the district, such as social and youth affairs, hence it is comparable to an urban district. The current mayor of Iserlohn is Michael Joithe, a member of the voter group Die Iserlohner . The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and
120-467: Is also the patron saint of the Italian city San Pancrazio Salentino . The Tridentine calendar had on 12 May a joint feast (semidouble rank) of Nereus, Achilleus and Pancras. The name of Domitilla was added in 1595. The joint celebration of Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla and Pancras continued with that ranking (see General Roman Calendar of 1954 ) until the revision of 1960, when it was reclassified as
144-550: Is believed to have been founded in around 985, but the first written document mentioning lon dates only from 1150. In 1237 the Count of the Mark gave Iserlohn municipal rights. In 1975 the city, which had been an urban district before, incorporated the surrounding ex-municipalities of Letmathe , Hennen , Sümmern and Kesbern, and became part of the district " Märkischer Kreis ". As a larger mid-sized city, Iserlohn, however, still has
168-577: Is located in the city centre on Alexanderhöhe. The Gesamtschule Seilersee (BiTS) is a private, state-approved business school with a campus near the Seilersee. The Schützenfest is a famous festival which takes place every year, and is central to Iserlohner's cultural life - and the town's identity. It is held at the Parkhalle, Alexanderhöhe. At the same time as the Shooters festival (Schützenfest)
192-519: Is one of the oldest sites of Christian worship in England). In medieval iconography, Pancras was depicted as a young soldier, due to his association with the paired soldier saints Nereus and Achilleus. Pancras is popularly venerated as the patron saint of children, jobs and health. His name is also invoked against cramps, false witnesses, headaches and perjury. His image in statue form can be found in many bars, restaurants and other businesses. He
216-569: The Counts of the Mark . Iserlohn is twinned with: Westphalian language The Westphalian dialect region includes the north-eastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia , i.e. the former Prussian province of Westphalia, without Siegerland and Wittgenstein, but including the southern part of former government district Weser-Ems (e.g. the region around Osnabrück and the landscape of Emsland in modern Lower Saxony). Traditionally, all Dutch Low Saxon dialects are considered Westphalian, with
240-533: The Hanover region , whose speech variety is generally considered to be standard modern German. The Low Saxon dialects in the bordering Twente and Achterhoek regions in the east of the Netherlands are traditionally classified as Westphalian dialects, albeit with some notable traits from Standard Dutch. A 2005 study showed 62% of the population of Twente spoke the language daily, and efforts are made to insert
264-562: The East and slightly to the North of the area where Westphalian is spoken. The personal pronouns in Störmede are as follows: German Westphalian is currently spoken mostly by elderly people. The majority of the inhabitants of Westphalia proper speak (regionally coloured) standard German . This accent, however, does not stand out as much as for example Bavarian , because Westphalia is closer to
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#1732797733198288-734: The Great . The city is home of the Iserlohn Roosters , a DEL (first-division) ice hockey team. The Roosters joined the DEL in 2000 and developed from a low-budget team to a solid one that regularly competes for a Playoff -spot. The club plays its home games at the Eissporthalle Iserlohn , which holds 4,967 spectators. The original club, EC Deilinghofen, was founded in 1959 and went bankrupt in 1987. The second club, ECD Sauerland, existed from 1988 to 1994. In 1994, Iserlohner EC
312-526: The Iserlohn Peace committee (FriedensPlenum) has held a 3 day free benefit music festival around the farmers church (Bauernkirche) since 1991. Iserlohn's coat of arms features, in the middle, Saint Pancras ( St. Pancratius ), who is patron of the oldest church in Iserlohn. He is depicted between two towers of the historic city wall . The checked fess below the saint is derived from the arms of
336-519: The boy's determination to resist, promised him wealth and power, but Pancras refused, and finally the emperor ordered him to be beheaded on the Via Aurelia , on 12 May 303 AD. This traditional year of his martyrdom cannot be squared with the saint's defiance of Diocletian in Rome, which the emperor had not visited since 286, nor with the mention of Cornelius (251–253) as Bishop of Rome at the time of
360-471: The cave. The Danzturm, located on the southern hill overlooking the old city, is a landmark and featured on the logo of the local brewery (Iserlohner). The tower has views of the valley and surrounding hills and is open to the public with a small inn at the base. In the 18th century, the town became known for its Iserlohn boxes , a form of tobacco or snuff box with an engraved or embossed lid that often featured an image of former Prussian King Frederick
384-621: The fifth century onwards, for the basilica of Saint Pancras was built by Pope Symmachus (498–514), on the place where the body of the young martyr had been buried; his earliest passio seems to have been written during this time. Pope Gregory the Great gave impetus to the cult of Pancras, sending Augustine to England carrying relics of that saint and including his legend in Liber in gloria martyrum (for this reason, many English churches are dedicated to Pancras; St Pancras Old Church in London
408-655: The language into the local school curriculum. One of the reasons for the diminishing use of Westphalian in Germany is the rigorous enforcement of German-only policies in traditionally Low German -speaking areas during the 18th century. Westphalian, and Low German in general, unlike many of the High German dialects, were too distant from standard German to be considered dialects and were therefore not tolerated and efforts were made to ban them. In an extreme case, Hannover and its hinterland were forced to adopt rather unnaturally
432-527: The martyrdom, as the most recent monograph on Pancras' texts and cult has pointed out. A Roman matron named Octavilla recovered Pancras' body, covered it with balsam , wrapped it in precious linens, and buried it in a newly built sepulchre dug in the Catacombs of Rome . Pancras' head was placed in the reliquary that still exists today in the Basilica of Saint Pancras . Devotion to Pancras existed from
456-580: The notable exception of Gronings , which is grouped with the Northern Low Saxon and Friso-Saxon dialects. The rising diphthongisation is still noticeable in the dialects of Rijssen , Enter and Vriezenveen . Among the Westphalian language there are different subgroups of dialects: Westphalian dialects in the Netherlands: Westphalian has many lexical similarities and other proximities to Eastphalian , extending to
480-454: The results were as follows: The Iserlohn city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows: The Dechenhöhle caves were discovered in 1868 during the construction of the railway line Hagen -Iserlohn. 360 metres are accessible for visitors, and there are many stalactites and stalagmites in
504-494: Was a Roman citizen who converted to Christianity and was beheaded for his faith at the age of fourteen, around the year 304. His name is Greek ( Πανκράτιος Pankrátios ), meaning 'all-powerful'. From an early period, Pancras was venerated together with Nereus and Achilleus in a shared feast day and Mass formula on 12 May. In 1595, 25 years after Pope Pius V promulgated the Tridentine Missal , Domitilla
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#1732797733198528-569: Was also added. Since 1969, Pancras has been venerated separately, still on 12 May. He is traditionally the second of the Ice Saints . In the Syriac traditions he is known as Mor Izozoel (Mar Azazael), remembered on 12 May and 12 August. He is the patron saint of children. The London district of St Pancras , and by extension, the railway station of the same name, is named after St Pancras Old Church and St Pancras New Church . Because he
552-491: Was founded. Iserlohn has 15 elementary schools and 12 secondary schools (3 Gymnasien , 1 Gesamtschule , 3 Realschulen , 5 Hauptschulen ). Two universities of applied sciences are also located in the city. The headquarters, together with a major branch, of the South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences (also: Fachhochschule Südwestfalen (FH SWF)) offering engineering and informatics programmes
576-449: Was said to have been martyred at the age of fourteen during the persecution under Diocletian , Pancras would have been born around 289, at a place designated as near Synnada , a city of Phrygia Salutaris , to parents of Roman citizenship . When Pancras was nine years old, his mother Cyriada died during childbirth; his father died of grief not long after. Pancras was entrusted to his uncle Dionysius' care. They both moved to Rome to live in
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