The Mediterranean Squadron , also known as the Mediterranean Station , was part of the United States Navy in the 19th century that operated in the Mediterranean Sea . It was formed in response to the First and Second Barbary Wars . Between 1801 and 1818, the squadron was composed of a series of rotating squadrons. Later, squadrons were sent in the 1820s to the 1860s to suppress piracy , primarily in Greece and to engage in gunboat diplomacy . In 1865 the force was renamed the European Squadron .
30-532: Lewis Warrington may refer to: Lewis Warrington (United States Navy officer) , officer during the Barbary Wars and the War of 1812 Lewis Warrington (Medal of Honor) , American officer in the U.S. Army Lewis Warrington (footballer) , English footballer [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with
60-650: A mercenary army against Derne . During the battle the Mediterranean Squadron vessels under Oliver Hazard Perry bombarded the city while the land forces besieged the Tripolitan garrison. When the city finally fell, the Dey of Algiers surrendered and the First Barbary War was over. The Mediterranean Squadron continued to operate until 1807. That year the squadron was withdrawn which tempted
90-548: A polacre near Tripoli. The polacre was sunk and the gunboats forced to flee, the Americans suffered no casualties. The second squadron returned to the United States in 1803 and that same year another force was sent and operated until 1804. On October 31, 1803, USS Philadelphia grounded on a reef just off Tripoli Harbor . Under heavy fire from enemy shore batteries the Americans attempted to refloat their ship but she
120-517: A voyage to Cartagena, Spain , to convey there Christopher Hughes , the representative of the United States at negotiations over the release of some Americans imprisoned by Spanish authorities. In 1819 and 1820, Captain Warrington commanded Java , followed by Guerriere in 1820 and 1821. Each ship was assigned to the Mediterranean Squadron during his tenure as her commanding officer. Captain Warrington returned home and received orders to duty at
150-628: The Bureau of Ordnance , which office he held until his death on 12 October 1851. He was buried at Congressional Cemetery at a service attended by President Millard Fillmore , members of the Cabinet, and a crowd of other dignitaries. Three ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Warrington for him. Mediterranean Squadron (United States) The Barbary pirates ' seizure of American merchant ships went back to just after
180-573: The Bureau of Yards and Docks . On 28 February 1844, he took over temporarily the duties of the Secretary of the Navy after Secretary Thomas W. Gilmer died as a result of wounds received when the large cannon "Peacemaker" exploded during a firing demonstration on board Princeton at Washington. Near the end of March, Warrington relinquished those duties to the new secretary, John Y. Mason , and resumed his former assignment. In 1846, he became Chief of
210-571: The College of William & Mary before accepting an appointment as a midshipman in the Navy on 6 January 1800. His first duty, aboard the frigate Chesapeake , took him to the West Indies , where his ship cruised with a squadron during the last year of the Quasi-War with France . His ship appears to have engaged in one action near the end of the cruise. On New Year's Day 1801, she took
240-1019: The Irish coast, the Shetland Islands , and the Faroe Islands , he took fourteen British prizes. After returning via the West Indies to New York, Warrington took Peacock on her third and final war cruise. His sloop-of-war stood out of New York with the Hornet and Tom Bowline on 23 January 1815, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope , and entered the Indian Ocean . Unaware that peace had been concluded in December 1814 at Ghent, Belgium , Warrington led his ships on another foray against British commerce. After taking three British prizes in
270-553: The Norfolk Navy Yard . In February 1825, he relieved David Porter as commander of the West Indian Squadron during the latter stages of the piracy suppression campaign and thereafter bore the title, commodore. In 1826, Warrington served as one of three commissioners on a panel charged with selecting a site on which to establish a new South Atlantic fleet. The panel selected Pensacola, Florida - site of
300-789: The President , Vixen , and Enterprise . Promoted to lieutenant in February 1807, he returned home to assume command of a gunboat at Norfolk. In 1809, Lt. Warrington voyaged to Europe aboard the Syren as a dispatch courier. He next served a tour of duty in Essex . When the War of 1812 with the British Empire began in June 1812, Warrington was aboard the frigate USS Congress serving as
330-519: The frigates USS Boston , USS Essex , USS Philadelphia and USS President as well as the sloop-of-war USS George Washington and the schooner USS Enterprise . During the squadron's deployment from 1801 to 1802, it operated by convoying merchant ships. Commodore Dale did not have orders to capture enemy vessels and could only respond to the North African's attacks if fired upon first or if coming to
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#1732779985087360-613: The victory over Great Britain in 1783. When the Dey of Algiers demanded tribute, the Americans refused and thus began a long series of conflict between the Barbary states and the United States lasting from the 1780s to 1815. The Mediterranean Squadron was created for the protection of American merchant ships sailing in Mediterranean waters. The first squadron sent was under the command of Commodore Richard Dale . His command included
390-409: The Barbary corsairs to attack American ships again. It was not until the end of the War of 1812 in 1815 that the United States Navy resumed operations against the Barbary coast. Now a commodore, Stephen Decatur led the main squadron of ten vessels including the frigates USS Guerriere , USS Macedonian , USS Constellation , the sloops USS Epervier and USS Ontario ,
420-631: The French privateer La Jeune Creole . Following the cessation of hostilities with France, Midshipman Warrington remained in the Navy. His ship spent most of 1801 in ordinary at Norfolk, Virginia . The following year, Warrington was transferred to the frigate President for service in the Mediterranean against the Barbary pirates. Over the next five years, he remained with the Mediterranean Squadron , serving successively aboard
450-826: The Indian Ocean, he entered the East Indies in search of more targets. On 30 June, he encountered the East India Company brig Nautilus in the Sunda Strait and attacked her, despite having been told that peace had been concluded. After a sharp, unequal action which cost Nautilus 15 men including her first lieutenant, she surrendered to Warrington. Warrington then released the prize and started for home. Peacock arrived back in New York on 30 October 1815. In 1816, he commanded Macedonian briefly for
480-561: The Second Barbary War. Decatur's squadron captured the Algerian flagship Mashouda of forty-six guns off Cape Gata on June 15 and later defeated the twenty-two gun Estedio off Cape Palos on June 19. After, the squadron arrived at Algiers and prepared for battle but before fighting began the enemy surrendered and the short war came to an end. Commanded by Commodore Richard Dale . Deployed in 1801, and returned to
510-696: The United States government eventually authorized the United States Navy to send a second squadron to blockade Tripoli and attack their ships. In May 1802 Captain Daniel McNeill in USS Boston assisted two Swedish frigates in a battle while blockading Tripoli. In the action several Barbary vessels sortied and the Americans and Swedish frigates fought off the attack which then forced the Tripolitans back into harbor. In June 1803, USS John Adams and USS Enterprise defeated nine enemy gunboats and
540-441: The United States in 1802. Commanded by Commodore Richard Valentine Morris , and later Commodore John Rodgers , who took command after Morris was relieved of duty by the president for inaction—he was later recommended for a court martial, but the president declined to pursue the matter. Deployed in 1802, and returned to the United States in 1803. Commanded by Commodore Edward Preble . Deployed in 1803, and returned to
570-440: The aid of a merchant ship. On August 1, 1801, the twelve gun schooner USS Enterprise under the command of Lieutenant Andrew Sterett encountered the fourteen gun Tripolitan polacca named Tripoli . USS Enterprise captured Tripoli after a long and bloody fight but because the squadron could not legally make a prize of the ship, it was stripped of its fighting capabilities and released. As attacks on merchantmen continued,
600-636: The battle of Yorktown. The matter of his parentage has long been confused by historians and writers, as other French officers, such Louis-François-Bertrand du Pont d'Aubevoye de Lauberdière , recorded flirtations with a number of Williamsburg's women, including Rachel Warrington and her sister Cecilia, at the same time. However, more recent research has discovered extended unsuccessful attempts by members of his mother's family to persuade Rochambeau to openly acknowledge his child, along with indications that Rochambeau offered to legitimize his son after Warrington had achieved success and notoriety. He briefly attended
630-435: The brigs USS Firefly , USS Spark , USS Flambeau and the schooners USS Torch and USS Spitfire . A second force under Commodore William Bainbridge included the ship of the line USS Independence , the frigates USS Congress , USS Java and USS United States with eight smaller vessels but these warships did not see combat. Only two battles were fought during
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#1732779985087660-522: The first permanent European settlement in North America in the year 1559 - and Warrington was ordered to Pensacola where he was charged with overseeing the construction of a new navy yard. Warrington established a village adjacent to the new navy yard and gave it his name. Warrington Village remained occupied until the 1930s when the property was transitioned for use in naval aviation and the residents were relocated. Many residents moved just outside
690-532: The navy base, and established a New Warrington. Today, the diverse community is known simply as Warrington. In 1829, Lewis Warrington was promoted and returned to Norfolk for a decade as commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard . In 1840, he was reassigned to Washington for another two years as commissioner on the Navy Board. After the 1842 reorganization of the Navy Department , Warrington became Chief of
720-566: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Warrington&oldid=1136121714 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lewis Warrington (United States Navy officer) Commodore Lewis Warrington (3 November 1782 – 12 October 1851)
750-574: The ship's first lieutenant while she patrolled the North Atlantic. During his tour of duty aboard Congress , she made two cruises, capturing nine British prizes off the east coast of the United States during the first and four off the Atlantic seaboard of South America during the second. Promoted to Master Commandant in July 1813, he took command of the sloop-of-war USS Peacock later in
780-650: The victory, Warrington received the Thanks of Congress in the form of a Congressional Gold Medal , and of the state of Virginia in the form of a gold-hilted sword. He was also elected an honorary member of the New York Society of the Cincinnati . Warrington took his prize into Savannah, Georgia , and then embarked upon his second cruise on 4 June. On that voyage, which took him to the Grand Banks ,
810-459: The year. On 12 March 1814, he put to sea with his new command bound for the naval station at St. Mary's, Georgia . After delivering supplies to that installation, he encountered the Royal Navy brig Epervier off Cape Canaveral, Florida . Peacock emerged victorious from a brisk 45-minute exchange with Epervier , killing 8 and wounding 15 of her crew and capturing the ship. For his role in
840-539: Was a United States Navy officer who saw action during the First Barbary War and the War of 1812 and temporarily served as the secretary of the Navy . Born at Williamsburg, Virginia on 3 November 1782, Warrington was the illegitimate son of Rachel Warrington and Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau , who was stationed in Williamsburg during the winter of 1781–1782, following
870-403: Was hard aground. When Tripolitan gunboats approached for her capture, her commander surrendered his ship and was made a slave along with the crew. Philadelphia was then manned by the Tripolitans as a sort of harbor defence until February 16, 1804. On that night Lieutenant Stephen Decatur in the ketch USS Intrepid boarded and recaptured Philadelphia and scuttled her by fire. This
900-652: Was the most remembered action in the battle for Tripoli. Decatur became famous immediately after this and had a long career of serving the American navy with distinction. He later commanded American forces during the Second Barbary War in 1815. At the final engagement of the war in April and May 1805, the brig USS Argus , the schooner USS Nautilus and the sloop USS Hornet provided gun support for ten American marines and soldiers leading
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