59-535: Leavenworth may refer to: Geography [ edit ] Leavenworth, Indiana Leavenworth, Minnesota Leavenworth , a neighborhood of Omaha, Nebraska Leavenworth, Washington Leavenworth County, Kansas , a county in northeast Kansas Leavenworth, Kansas , a city in the county which includes the fort and federal prisons within its city limits Roman Catholic Diocese of Leavenworth Institutions and structures [ edit ] Fort Leavenworth ,
118-586: A Union supply depot in Brownsville, Kentucky , then robbed a train in Elizabethtown to acquire Union currency. Dressed as Federal troops, they crossed the Ohio River on horseback a few miles downstream from Leavenworth, then struck out for Paoli , pretending to be in pursuit of Union deserters. In French Lick , they met with the local Copperhead leader, Doctor William A. Bowles, who headed
177-539: A U.S. Army base in Leavenworth, Kansas Fort Leavenworth National Cemetery , a cemetery on the base Midwest Joint Regional Correctional Facility , often referred to as Leavenworth, a military prison built on the grounds of Fort Leavenworth United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth , often referred to as Leavenworth, a civilian medium security prison built in the town of Leavenworth, Kansas United States Disciplinary Barracks , often referred to as Leavenworth,
236-592: A ghost town. Rebuilding was complete by December 1938. Leavenworth was then the only completely rebuilt community in Indiana, though in the 1950s and 1990s, English was ravaged by floods on the Blue River and eventually relocated to higher ground in the mid 1990s, the second largest relocation of a town in U.S. history. According to the 2010 census, Leavenworth has a total area of 0.87 square miles (2.25 km ), of which 0.82 square miles (2.12 km ) (or 94.25%)
295-770: A household in the town was $ 24,375, and the median income for a family was $ 36,250. Males had a median income of $ 26,250 versus $ 20,000 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 15,717. About 14.5% of families and 18.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. Ohio River flood of 1937 The Ohio River flood of 1937 took place in late January and February 1937. With damage stretching from Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , to Cairo, Illinois , 385 people died, one million people were left homeless and property losses reached $ 500 million ($ 10.2 billion when adjusted for inflation as of September 2022). Federal and state resources were strained to aid recovery as
354-601: A large area of Ohio. January 1937 remains as the wettest month ever recorded in Cincinnati. One hundred thousand people in Cincinnati were left homeless, as the flood affected the city from January 18 to February 5. The river reached its peak on January 26, at 79.9 feet (24.4 m), more than 25 feet (7.6 m) higher than flood stage. Ohio River levels on January 26–27 were the highest known from Gallipolis downstream past Cincinnati. Crests were 20 to 28 feet (8.5 m) above flood stage and 4 to 9 feet (2.7 m) above
413-505: A long-term concentration of wealth among residents and businesses which located away from the older central and western areas of the city. At Paducah , in January 1937, there was a two-week period of rain followed by a sleet storm. Initially, there were only a few individuals that were skeptical of the risen water level. At the time, most residents were accustomed to it and thought absolutely nothing of it. By January 19, it became clear that
472-449: A military maximum security prison built on the grounds of Fort Leavenworth People [ edit ] Henry Leavenworth , U.S. soldier who established Fort Leavenworth Jesse Henry Leavenworth , U.S. soldier, son of Henry Leavenworth Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Leavenworth . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
531-479: A mob in a notorious armed “courthouse war" against the town of English . Seth Leavenworth eventually left Indiana and moved to Missouri , where he died in 1854. His son Zebulon, named after the boy's uncle in Indiana, became a famous riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River and was a friend of Mark Twain before Twain became a writer. Together, they piloted the steamboat Nebraska past Memphis at
590-569: Is a town in Jennings Township , Crawford County , Indiana , along the Ohio River . The 2010 US Census recorded a population of 238 persons. Leavenworth was laid out in 1818 in a horseshoe shaped bend of the Ohio River , directly under a large bluff called Mt. Eden. The bluff forms part of the Indiana Ridge and faces directly across the river toward Kentucky . "Old Leavenworth" (the original town, now practically abandoned)
649-490: Is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km ) (or 5.75%) is water. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Leavenworth has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. As of the census of 2010, there were 238 people, 88 households, and 52 families residing in
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#1732765455705708-545: The American Red Cross and local churches. Buildings in downtown Paducah bear historic plaques that note the high-water marks, and at least one historic marker indicates the farthest inland extent of flood waters in the city. With 18 inches (460 mm) of rainfall in 16 days, along with sheets of swiftly moving ice, the '37 flood was the worst natural disaster in Paducah's history. Because Paducah's earthen levee
767-648: The Army Corps of Engineers navigated the city via rowboats and helped citizens to reach the relief shelters set up in undamaged churches and schools. Like other communities in the Ohio River Valley, Huntington was regularly visited by damaging floods, and business owners and community members were typically self-reliant in the aftermath. After the unprecedented damage of the 1937 flood, however, community and business leaders decided that more substantive preventative measures were necessary. Immediately following
826-491: The Ohio Valley frontier. Seth Leavenworth advocated the construction of a marine hospital for the purpose of quarantine and medical treatment, which he hoped to build somewhere near the town of Leavenworth. The bill he put before the Indiana legislature was never enacted. In 1843, Leavenworth supplanted Fredonia as the county seat. Leavenworth remained the county seat until 1896, when the county records were stolen by
885-604: The Tennessee Valley Authority sought to create a continuous minimum 9-foot (2.7 m) channel along the entirety of the Tennessee River from Paducah to Knoxville . The Authority also sought to help control flooding on the lower Mississippi River , especially in the aftermath of the Ohio River flood of 1937, as research had shown that 4% of the water in the lower Mississippi River originates in
944-639: The United States Congress . U.S. Sen. Alben W. Barkley of Paducah and U.S. Rep. William Gregory from Mayfield and his brother U.S. Rep. Noble Gregory from Mayfield who succeeded him in office strongly supported the funding of TVA and its role in addressing flood control, soil conservation, family relocation, recreation, production of electricity, and economic development. Six to 12 inches (300 mm) of rain fell in Ohio during January 13–25, 1937, totals never before or since equaled over such
1003-503: The 1880s and lime was shipped out on flatboats. In October 1890, a fire destroyed about one-third of Leavenworth. The population at this time was over five hundred. The river's waters began to rise in January 1937. Record rainfalls by late January resulted in a huge flood, the most destructive in the Ohio Valley's history. Of 145 houses in Leavenworth, twenty floated away and sixty-five were lifted off their foundations. Four hundred of
1062-406: The 1937 flood was so unprecedented that civic and industrial groups lobbied national authorities to create a comprehensive plan for flood control. The plan involved creating more than seventy storage reservoirs to reduce Ohio River flood heights. Not fully completed by the Army Corps of Engineers until the early 1940s, the new facilities have drastically reduced flood damages since. In the 1930s,
1121-571: The Cache to the Mississippi River above Cairo . The majority of county residents were driven from their homes, while the riverside county seat, Mound City , was entirely flooded, with the shallowest locations still lying under 12 feet (3.7 m) of water. Cairo itself was saved only by low water levels on the Mississippi River, which rose only to the highest spots on the levees without surmounting them. The historic city of Shawneetown
1180-610: The Confederate-leaning Democratic party in southern Indiana and was a supporter of slavery. Bowles told them he was unable to help them. Indiana Home Guards were then in pursuit of the Confederates. Hines hired a Leavenworth local to guide them to a safe ford over the river where they could escape into Kentucky, but the local was actually a Union supporter and betrayed them. Residents of Leavenworth carried ammunition to Union troops, who gunned several of
1239-811: The Evansville-Vanderburgh Levee Authority District, which built a system of earth levees, concrete walls, and pumping stations to protect the city. Jeffersonville welcomed the 1,000 WPA workers who came to rescue that city's residents. The federal government spent $ 500,000 in aid there, and $ 70,000 in New Albany. The Pennsylvania Railroad evacuated many area residents by train from its depot in Jeffersonville. Several small riverside towns, such as Mauckport and New Amsterdam , were so devastated that they never recovered. Harrisburg suffered flooding from
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#17327654557051298-572: The Ohio River in 1883–1884 and again in 1913. Much of the city, except "Crusoes' Island", a downtown orbit that encircled the town square, was underwater. High water had reached 30 miles (48 km) from the river, and the city was flooded in its position among tributary lowlands of the Saline River . Floodwaters reached nearly 30 miles (50 km) inland and Harrisburg was nearly destroyed. 4,000 within Harrisburg were left homeless and 80% of
1357-668: The Tennessee River watershed. TVA surveyed the lower part of the river and considered the Aurora Landing site, but eventually settled on the present site at river mile 22.4. The Kentucky Dam project was authorized on May 23, 1938, and construction began July 1, 1938. Much of the work of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the Tennessee River basin was strongly supported by the majority of the citizens in western Kentucky and their representatives in
1416-426: The age of 18 living with them, 38.6% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.9% were non-families. 37.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.06 and the average family size was 2.63. The median age in
1475-473: The air and provided information and support for nine days until 8:00 o'clock the following Sunday night, Jan 31, when the station's regular schedule was resumed. In January 1937, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , District Engineer, MAJ Bernard Smith dispatched an entire fleet down the Cumberland River for rescue and relief work in response to the severe flooding. The bridges were too low to allow
1534-536: The city of Louisville by an astonishing 10 feet, showing how large the flood really was. Several businesses in the Louisville area were devastated, especially the famed Rose Island amusement park (on the Indiana side of the river near Charlestown ), which never rebuilt. As a result of the flood, newer development in Louisville was directed to the east out of the flood plain. The east end has since benefited by
1593-627: The city was inundated. Many flooded mines were deemed condemned which left the local economy crippled. In 1938, the state of Illinois had completed one of the largest operations of its kind ever attempted in the United States, the removal of more than two and a half billion gallons of flood water from Sahara mine No. 3 near downtown Harrisburg. By the time the flood waters had receded, 4000 were left homeless . Between Gallatin County and Harrisburg, about 25 miles (40 km) of Illinois Route 13
1652-690: The city's general relief headquarters in City Hall with Red Cross, the Naval Reserve, the American Legion, the police and fire departments, and the Coast Guard. Messages of inquiry concerning the safety of friends and relatives, warnings of rising gasoline-covered waters, appeals for help from marooned victims, orders to relief agencies and workers poured into the cramped studios and quickly broadcast. Staff and local volunteers stayed on
1711-605: The disaster occurred during the depths of the Great Depression and a few years after the beginning of the Dust Bowl . A handful of powerhouse radio stations, including WLW Cincinnati and WHAS Louisville, quickly switched to non-stop news coverage, transmitting commercial-free for weeks. These broadcasts consisted mostly of messages being relayed to rescue crews, as many civil agencies had no other means of communication. The Regionalist painter Thomas Hart Benton
1770-454: The flood gates and allowed river water to flood the business district 8 to 10 feet (3.0 m) deep, thus preventing a catastrophic breaching of the flood wall. The Ohio River eventually crested 14 feet (4.3 m) over the top of the flood wall . Ten people died, many fewer than the 467 killed in the floods of March 1913. The river rose to a record 53.74 feet (16.38 m), which was 19 feet (5.8 m) above flood stage, and sent water over
1829-773: The flood, the Chamber of Commerce pushed for the construction of a floodwall that would protect Huntington and the surrounding areas. After a prolonged fight and a legal battle that made it to the West Virginia Supreme Court , the flood wall was approved, and the project was taken on by the United States Army Corps of Engineers . Since its completion in 1943, the Huntington floodwall has prevented an estimated $ 238.8 million in flood damage. Other areas of West Virginia were devastated by
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1888-625: The horsemen down as they tried to get across the river at Little Blue Island. Three Confederate soldiers were killed and a large number were taken prisoner and kept in the Methodist Church in Leavenworth. The spy, Hines, escaped. At the end of the Civil War, Leavenworth was a thriving town, a regular stop for steamboats on the Ohio River . In the Fall of 1890 a fire ravaged a portion of the town and many business were destroyed. The hotel,
1947-477: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leavenworth&oldid=1147773051 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Leavenworth, Indiana Leavenworth
2006-572: The lower Ohio River. Other stations across the country did much the same. Around January 18, Huntington, West Virginia radio station WSAZ (1190 AM) began hourly broadcasts of flood related news. On January 22, the station received permission from the Federal Communications Committee to broadcast around the clock. The studios and offices in the downtown Keith-Albee Theatre Building became a regional communications center. They established direct telephonic communication with
2065-621: The newspaper, and most of the stores in the town suffered a complete loss. The fire was discovered by Lyman Davis, a porter at the Hawn Hotel, but all attempts to extinguish the blaze were to no avail. Button-making was an important industry, relying on shell banks in the river. The industry declined in the 1920s, when shell banks were exhausted. A total of 700 people lived in the town in 1910 and three button factories employed twenty-four families. Other industries included boat-making, freight hauling, and barrel production. Quarries opened up in
2124-540: The outbreak of the Civil War , receiving gunshots across their bow as a warning to halt. In June 1863, a 25-year-old Confederate spy from Kentucky , Thomas Hines , was sent by General John Hunt Morgan to ride north into Indiana and reconnoiter with Southern sympathizers there, whose dedication to the Southern cause Morgan drastically overestimated. Hines and his party of nearly a hundred men stole uniforms from
2183-477: The population had fallen to 13,000. Afterwards, the Army Corps of Engineers erected a levee north and east of the city to protect it from future floods. The levee has become the official northern and eastern border of the town. Rural Pulaski County was functionally left an island by the rising portions of the Cache River , which near its mouth flowed in reverse as the Ohio floodwaters forced their way along
2242-498: The previous record of 1884. 12 square miles (31 km ) of the city's area was flooded, the water supply was cut, and streetcar service was curtailed. Among the flooded structures was Crosley Field , home field of the Cincinnati Reds baseball team. Additionally, the amusement park Coney Island was submerged, causing pieces of carousel horses to float away, which were recovered as far downriver as Paducah . According
2301-528: The remainder of the original 2,800 prisoners were transferred to in a hastily constructed outdoor barbed wire stockade on high ground. They were eventually moved to a temporary prison camp in La Grange where a new Kentucky State Reformatory was then built. In Frankfort where the uncontrollable waters of the Kentucky River had attained an all-time crest of 48.45 feet, nearly one-half of the city
2360-536: The rushing water was equivalent to that of the Niagara Falls. More than 100,000 persons were left homeless by the disaster. The WPA workers led the cleanup of the city. The Evansville Merchants Retail Bureau took out newspaper ads to praise their work: Before and during the flood these men of WPA were active in salvaging property and saving lives, and immediately afterward they handled the cleanup job with such efficiency that many visitors were amazed that there
2419-439: The several local historians, the town of Gallipolis was completely submerged as high as the mound hill cemetery overlook, and many rumors regarding the curse of Lafayette's Gold Treasure buried by slaves on Gallipolis Island began to surface around the town.This flood was very severe. In Portsmouth , the rising river threatened to top the flood wall, erected 10 feet (3.0 m) above flood stage. City officials deliberately opened
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2478-465: The six-month-old riverfront plaza in Evansville. After January 19, the conditions in New Albany, Indiana were deteriorating at a rapid pace. By January 21, all roads leading to Jeffersonville were completely covered in water making it near impossible to travel. On January 23, a levee located on the intersection of two main streets failed. This caused for water to start rushing into the city; by midday,
2537-412: The town relocated three miles inland to higher ground. In Louisville, the water reached a height of 40 feet, which resulted in almost 70 percent of the entire city being underwater. 175,000 people were forced to leave their homes and relocate due to the flood. The reported damage of the flood in the state resulted in about $ 250 million worth of damage. This flood outdoes the second highest water level in
2596-555: The town was 56.5 years. 13.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.1% were from 25 to 44; 30.7% were from 45 to 64; and 35.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 40.8% male and 59.2% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 353 people, 123 households, and 86 families residing in the town. The population density was 423.3 inhabitants per square mile (163.4/km ). There were 187 housing units at an average density of 224.2 per square mile (86.6/km ). The racial makeup of
2655-501: The town was 97.73% White , 1.70% African American , 0.28% from other races , and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population. There were 123 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.4% had someone living alone who
2714-431: The town. The population density was 290.2 inhabitants per square mile (112.0/km ). There were 159 housing units at an average density of 193.9 per square mile (74.9/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 95.0% White , 2.5% African American , 1.7% Pacific Islander , and 0.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population. There were 88 households, of which 21.6% had children under
2773-552: The town’s population of 418 were forced to evacuate. Laborers enlisted by Franklin Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the Salvation Army salvaged what they could, but when the waters receded, it was decided to move what was left of Leavenworth uphill. Under the direction of Indiana Work Relief Administrator John K. Jennings, the town decided to relocate to the top of the bluff, rendering "Old" Leavenworth
2832-422: The vessels to pass under, so the vessels were forced to steam across farmland and bridge approaches, dodging telephone and power lines. The federal government under President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent thousands of area WPA workers to the affected cities to aid in rescue and recovery. It also sent supplies for food and temporary housing, and millions of dollars in aid after the floodwaters receded. The scale of
2891-401: The water had risen to a total of 9 feet. The city and state declared martial law on January 24 and the federal government sent 4,000 WPA workers to the city to assist rescue operations. Residents were rapidly evacuated from river town by train and bus in the early stages of the flood, making Indiana the only state to avoid drowning fatalities. According to some residents of the area, the sound of
2950-479: The water was reaching a very high level. The Ohio River rose above its 50-foot (15 m) flood stage on January 21, cresting at 60.8 feet (18.5 m) on February 2 and receding again to 50 feet (15 m) on February 15. For nearly three weeks, 27,000 residents were forced to flee to stay with friends and relatives in higher ground in McCracken County or in other counties. Some shelters were provided by
3009-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.70. In the town, the population was spread out, with 17.6% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 32.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males. The median income for
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#17327654557053068-455: Was almost completely wiped out by the huge 1937 Ohio River flood , as it was built directly on the floodplain. The town was founded by Zebulon Leavenworth and his brother Seth, natives of Connecticut . In 1824, a wood yard was established in the town to provide fuel to steamboats, and David Lyon had a boatbuilding industry here in 1830. The Whitcomb brickyard was also a flourishing industry. The Crisis , Crawford County’s first newspaper,
3127-553: Was begun in Leavenworth in 1839. In 1835, Zebulon started a stage line from Leavenworth to the new state capitol in Indianapolis , a route intended primarily for students going to the new State College in Bloomington (later Indiana University ) and for boatmen returning from downriver. Riverboat men returning from New Orleans were thought to be carriers of the yellow fever and cholera epidemics that often devastated
3186-670: Was commissioned by The Kansas City Star and St. Louis Post-Dispatch newspapers to provide sketches depicting the miserable conditions of the flooded areas in the Missouri Bootheel region. When it became obvious that the river would cut the electric power to radio station WHAS—thus cutting the last radio voice in Louisville—the rival clear channel station in Nashville, WSM , picked up WHAS's broadcast via telephone and broadcast emergency flood reports for three days for
3245-460: Was completely inundated and the residents were forced to move to a tent city on the outskirts. Property damages in the southern Illinois region amounted to more than $ 75 million ($ 1.2 billion in 2015). Over three hundred bridges were smashed, six schools were ruined, and twelve hundred submerged homes. Flood waters were recorded at 65.4 feet (19.9 m). Damage in Shawneetown was so cataclysmic
3304-545: Was covered by 8.0 to 14.0 feet (2.4 to 4.3 m) of water; motorboats navigated the entire distance to rescue marooned families. National guard boats were the means of transportation in the city, and several thousand people were transported daily from temporary island to island. According to the Sanborn Map Company , Harrisburg in October 1925 had a population of 15,000, and in a revised version by January 1937
3363-573: Was ineffective against this flood, the United States Army Corps of Engineers was commissioned to build the flood wall that now protects the city. Flooding in Frankfort submerged half the city and caused an emergency when panicked prisoners in the old Kentucky State Penitentiary started rioting with the rising waters. With the assistance of the National Guard and state police, some prisoners were transferred to other Kentucky facilities, and
3422-473: Was practically no evidence of the flood left throughout our entire city. All honor and gratitude is due to the rank and file of the WPA for their often almost super-human efforts, always giving their best in the interest of humanity. The Red Cross and federal government spent the equivalent of $ 11 million in today's money in aid to the city. The Indiana State Flood Commission was created in response, and it established
3481-487: Was submerged. This included the one hundred and forty year old State Penitentiary from which about 3,000 convicts, guards and officials were evacuated under military supervision directed personally by Governor A. B. Chandler. Huntington, West Virginia , a city in the tri-state area that was built as a link between steamboat and railway commerce, experienced some of the worst flooding, with a crest of 69.45 ft (19 feet above flood stage ). First responders, volunteers, and
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