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19-434: In 1950–53, she edited and published the highly regarded science fiction fanzine , Quandry . In November 1951, she began publication of Science-Fiction Five-Yearly , which has appeared regularly since then (the 2006 issue ran 58 pages). Hoffman used a gender-neutral name within science fiction fandom, and many believed that she was a man. In 1951, she 'came out' as a leading editor of the science fiction fanzine Quandry at

38-412: A sample issue will be mailed on request; to receive further issues, a reader sends a "letter of comment" (LoC) about the fanzine to the editor. The LoC might be published in the next issue: some fanzines consisted almost exclusively of letter columns, where discussions were conducted in much the same way as they are in internet newsgroups and mailing lists , though at a relatively slow pace. Since 1955,

57-468: A separate category from fanzines in 1984 after Locus won the award for best fanzine several years running (See Hugo Award for Best Semiprozine ). Well-known semiprozines include Locus , Ansible , The New York Review of Science Fiction , and Interzone . Amateur press associations (APAs) publish fanzines made up of the contributions of the individual members collected into an assemblage or bundle called an apazine . The first science-fiction APA

76-508: Is also given. The Hugo Awards have been described as "a fine showcase for speculative fiction " and "the best known literary award for science fiction writing". The fan award was first presented in 1967 and has been awarded annually. Beginning in 1996, Retrospective Hugo Awards, or "Retro Hugos", have been available to be awarded for years 50, 75, or 100 years prior in which no awards were given. To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943–1946, 1951, and 1954, although only

95-402: Is an amateur or semi-professional magazine published by members of science-fiction fandom , from the 1930s to the present day. They were one of the earliest forms of fanzine , within one of which the term " fanzine " was coined, and at one time constituted the primary type of science-fictional fannish activity ("fanac"). The first science-fiction fanzine, The Comet , was published in 1930 by

114-451: Is derived from the jargon of the fanzine fans. See fanzine , fanspeak . The fanzine movement is now well represented on the Web; see webzine . Fanzine readers and producers naturally gather at science fiction conventions , but there are also small conventions dedicated to fanzines. The first fanzine-only annual convention was Autoclave, held by a Detroit-based fan group for several years in

133-615: The 1946 and 1951 Retro Hugos received sufficient nominations for the Fan Artist Hugo to make the ballot. Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention , or Worldcon, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in

152-416: The 1951 World Science Fiction Convention. Briefly married to editor Larry Shaw from 1956 to 1958, she was the assistant editor on the science fiction magazines he edited, Infinity Science Fiction and Science Fiction Adventures . During that same time, she began editing and publishing her folk music publications, Caravan and Gardyloo , which found a readership through Izzy Young 's Folklore Center as

171-586: The 1970s. In 1984, the first Corflu was held in Berkeley, California . A second convention, Ditto , started in Toronto in 1988. Both of these conventions continue to take place each year. Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist The Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist is given each year for artists of works related to science fiction or fantasy which appeared in low- or non-paying publications such as semiprozines or fanzines . A Hugo Award for professional artists

190-738: The Black Knight (Avon, 1970) and Change Song (Doubleday, 1972). Her short stories include "Soundless Evening", published in Harlan Ellison 's Again, Dangerous Visions (1972). In 1987, Hoffman was presented the Rebel Award , a lifetime achievement award for a science fiction fan "who has done a great deal for Southern Fandom." She died in Port Charlotte, Florida of a massive heart attack on February 6, 2007. Science fiction fanzine A science-fiction fanzine

209-612: The Science Correspondence Club in Chicago . The term "fanzine" was coined by Russ Chauvenet in the October 1940 issue of his fanzine Detours . "Fanzines" were distinguished from "prozines", that is, all professional magazines . Prior to that, the fan publications were known as "fanmags" or "letterzines". Traditionally, science-fiction fanzines were (and many still are) available for "the usual", meaning that

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228-664: The annual Worldcon has awarded Hugo Awards for Best Fanzine ; awards for Best Fan Writer and Best Fan Artist were added in 1967 and have continued since then. During the 1970s and 1980s, some fanzines—especially sercon (serious and constructive) zines devoted to science fiction and fantasy criticism, and newszines such as Locus —became more professional journals, produced by desktop publishing programs and offset printing . These new magazines were labeled "semiprozines", and were eventually sold rather than traded, and paid their contributors. Some semiprozines publish original fiction. The Hugo Awards recognized semiprozines as

247-516: The case of a tie. The works on the ballot are those six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated. Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held. Prior to 2017, the final ballot

266-461: The concept of "Retro Hugos", in which the Hugo award could be retroactively awarded for 50, 75, or 100 years prior. Retro Hugos may only be awarded for years in which a Worldcon was hosted, but no awards were originally given. Retro Hugos have been awarded eight times, for 1939, 1941, 1943–1946, 1951, and 1954. Only the 1946 and 1951 Retro Hugos received enough nominations for the Fan Artist Hugo to make

285-487: The folk music scene expanded during the late 1950s. Hoffman won the Western Writers of America Spur Award for her novel The Valdez Horses (Doubleday, 1967). In Spain, John Sturges directed the 1973 film adaptation, The Valdez Horses / Valdez, il Mezzosangue (aka Chino ), starring Charles Bronson and Jill Ireland . Under the pseudonym Georgia York , she wrote historical romances for Fawcett Books during

304-515: The following tables, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony. Artists are eligible based on their work of the previous calendar year. Entries with a yellow background and an asterisk (*) next to the artist's name have won the award; those with a gray background are the nominees on the short-list.   *    Winners Beginning with the 1996 Worldcon , the World Science Fiction Society created

323-591: The years 1979 to 1983. In her autobiographical writings, she described the mid-1960s events that led to her Western novels: She went on to write seventeen Western novels between the years 1966 and 1977 for several publishers—Ace, Avon, Ballantine, Dell, Doubleday, Dell, NAL/Signet—with various editions in Germany, Italy and the UK. During that same time period, she wrote four science fiction novels: Telepower (Belmont, 1967), The Caves of Karst (Ballantine, 1969), Always

342-736: Was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations. Worldcons are generally held near Labor Day and in a different city around the world each year. During the 60 nomination years, 84 artists have been nominated; 34 of these have won, including co-winners and Retro Hugos. Brad W. Foster has received the largest number of awards, with 8 wins out of 27 nominations. William Rotsler and Tim Kirk have won five awards, from twenty-three and eight nominations respectively. The only other artists to win more than twice are Teddy Harvia , with four out of twenty nominations, Alexis A. Gilliland , with four out of eight, and Frank Wu , also with four out of eight. In

361-564: Was the Fantasy Amateur Press Association (FAPA) formed by a group of science-fiction fans in 1937. Some APAs are still active as hardcopy publications, and some are published as virtual "e-zines", distributed on the internet . The term "fanzine" is also used to refer to fan-created magazines concerning other topics: the earliest rock-and-roll fanzines were edited by science-fiction fans. A significant part of modern computer/Web/Internet slang, abbreviations, etc.

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