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52-617: Lee Sun-kyun ( Korean :  이선균 ; March 2, 1975 – December 27, 2023) was a South Korean actor. Internationally, he was best known for his role in Bong Joon-ho 's Academy Award –winning film Parasite (2019), for which he won a Screen Actors Guild Award along with his castmates. He received several other awards, including a nomination for an International Emmy Award . Lee debuted as an actor in 2000 and performed in TV dramas and musical theatre. The dramas Coffee Prince and Behind

104-502: A Break-up (also known as Rules of Love , 2005). In 2006, Choi starred in the low-budget black / romantic comedy film My Scary Girl , which became a critically praised sleeper hit . Choi released two popular films in two consecutive years, a 2009 dramedy Goodbye Mom and 2010 romantic comedy Petty Romance , which earned her three Popularity Awards from major film awards: 46th Baeksang Arts Awards and 30th - 32nd Blue Dragon Film Awards . In 2011 Choi starred in

156-484: A Korean influence on Khitan. The hypothesis that Korean could be related to Japanese has had some supporters due to some overlap in vocabulary and similar grammatical features that have been elaborated upon by such researchers as Samuel E. Martin and Roy Andrew Miller . Sergei Starostin (1991) found about 25% of potential cognates in the Japanese–Korean 100-word Swadesh list . Some linguists concerned with

208-636: A bankable romantic leading man. Petty Romance reunited him with his My Sweet Seoul co-star Choi Kang-hee , and one-upmanship action comedy Officer of the Year (also known as Arrest King ) soon followed. Lee showed his support for the revival of Drama Special (formerly Drama City ) by starring in Our Slightly Risque Relationship (his acting was later recognized at the KBS Drama Awards ). He continually defended

260-431: A blackmail attempt. Due to Lee's public persona as a "family man", and South Korean society's high moral expectations of public figures and strong social disapproval of both infidelity and drug use, Lee and the investigation was heavily covered by South Korean media. On December 27, 2023, at 10:30 a.m., Lee was found dead at the age of 48 inside his car at the road parking lot nearby Waryong Park in central Seoul. In

312-480: A core vowel. The IPA symbol ⟨ ◌͈ ⟩ ( U+0348 ◌͈ COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW ) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/ . Its official use in the extensions to the IPA is for "strong" articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice . The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice , but it is not yet known how typical this

364-545: A later founder effect diminished the internal variety of both language families. Since the establishment of two independent governments, North–South differences have developed in standard Korean, including variations in pronunciation and vocabulary chosen. However, these minor differences can be found in any of the Korean dialects , which are still largely mutually intelligible . The Chinese language , written with Chinese characters and read with Sino-Xenic pronunciations ,

416-613: A nomination for Best Actor for his role in the film at the 58th Baeksang Arts Awards ; however, the award went to his costar Sol Kyung-gu . In 2023, Lee starred alongside Lee Ha-nee (Honey Lee) in Lee Won-suk's comedy Killing Romance . While the film received a tepid reaction upon release, it has since become a cult favorite in Korea, and made its North American debut at the 22nd New York Asian Film Festival on July 14, 2023. In that same year, Lee also starred alongside Jung Yu-mi in

468-574: A possible relationship.) Hudson & Robbeets (2020) suggested that there are traces of a pre- Nivkh substratum in Korean. According to the hypothesis, ancestral varieties of Nivkh (also known as Amuric ) were once distributed on the Korean Peninsula before the arrival of Koreanic speakers. Korean syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), consisting of an optional onset consonant, glide /j, w, ɰ/ and final coda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding

520-625: A romantic comedy series Protect the Boss . The drama became one of major winners at the SBS Drama Awards . Her next TV dramas were 2013 action romantic comedy 7th Grade Civil Servant and 2015 medical romantic comedy Heart to Heart . Choi starred in a heavy melodrama without any comedy element after a long time with 2015 series Glamorous Temptation . She then acted in a two seasons series with 2017-2018 procedural comedy Queen of Mystery and its sequel . In 2020 Choi led

572-570: A spotlight on the high-pressure environment in South Korea's entertainment industry. Following Lee's death, a woman was arrested following allegations she had blackmailed him, and has been sent to prosecution. Director Bong Joon-ho and other prominent figures demanded an inquiry into the role of South Korean media and police in Lee's death. Korean language Korean ( South Korean : 한국어 , Hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선어 , Chosŏnŏ )

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624-619: Is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as between South Korea–United States and China–North Korea since the end of World War II and the Korean War . Along with other languages such as Chinese and Arabic , Korean is ranked at the top difficulty level for English speakers by the United States Department of Defense . Modern Korean descends from Middle Korean , which in turn descends from Old Korean , which descends from

676-656: Is an agglutinative language . The Korean language is traditionally considered to have nine parts of speech . Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question 가게에 gage-e store- LOC 가셨어요? ga-syeo-sseo-yo go- HON . PAST - CONJ - POL 가게에 가셨어요? gage-e ga-syeo-sseo-yo store-LOC go-HON.PAST-CONJ-POL 'Did [you] go to

728-511: Is closer to a near-open central vowel ( [ɐ] ), though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition. Grammatical morphemes may change shape depending on the preceding sounds. Examples include -eun/-neun ( -은/-는 ) and -i/-ga ( -이/-가 ). Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples include -eul/-reul ( -을/-를 ), -euro/-ro ( -으로/-로 ), -eseo/-seo ( -에서/-서 ), -ideunji/-deunji ( -이든지/-든지 ) and -iya/-ya ( -이야/-야 ). Some verbs may also change shape morphophonemically. Korean

780-399: Is mainly reserved for specific circumstances such as newspapers, scholarly papers and disambiguation. Today Hanja is largely unused in everyday life but is still important for historical and linguistic studies. The Korean names for the language are based on the names for Korea used in both South Korea and North Korea. The English word "Korean" is derived from Goryeo , which is thought to be

832-399: Is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. /s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] before [j] or [i] for most speakers (but see North–South differences in the Korean language ). This occurs with

884-544: Is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea . Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China , namely Jilin , and specifically Yanbian Prefecture , and Changbai County . It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin , the Russian island just north of Japan, and by

936-747: Is well attested in Western Old Japanese and Northern Ryukyuan languages , in Eastern Old Japanese it only occurs in compounds, and it is only present in three dialects of the Southern Ryukyuan language group . Also, the doublet wo meaning "hemp" is attested in Western Old Japanese and Southern Ryukyuan languages. It is thus plausible to assume a borrowed term. (See Classification of the Japonic languages or Comparison of Japanese and Korean for further details on

988-521: The Koryo-saram in parts of Central Asia . The language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family . Even so, Jejuan and Korean are not mutually intelligible . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in contemporary Manchuria . The hierarchy of the society from which

1040-527: The yangban aristocracy, who looked down upon it too easy to learn. However, it gained widespread use among the common class and was widely used to print popular novels which were enjoyed by the common class. Since few people could understand official documents written in classical Chinese, Korean kings sometimes released public notices entirely written in Hangul as early as the 16th century for all Korean classes, including uneducated peasants and slaves. By

1092-589: The Proto-Koreanic language , which is generally suggested to have its linguistic homeland somewhere in Manchuria . Whitman (2012) suggests that the proto-Koreans, already present in northern Korea, expanded into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at around 300 BC and coexisted with the descendants of the Japonic Mumun cultivators (or assimilated them). Both had influence on each other and

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1144-568: The Three Kingdoms of Korea (not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula), while " -eo " and " -mal " mean "language" and "speech", respectively. Korean is also simply referred to as guk-eo , literally "national language". This name is based on the same Han characters ( 國語 "nation" + "language") that are also used in Taiwan and Japan to refer to their respective national languages. In North Korea and China ,

1196-427: The courtroom drama film The Advocate: A Missing Body . In 2018, Lee starred in the critically acclaimed television series My Mister . The same year he starred in the action thriller film Take Point . In 2019, Lee starred in the legal television series Prosecutor Civil War . In 2019, Lee had a starring role in the critically acclaimed film Parasite as Park Dong-ik (Nathan; 박동익 ; Bak Dongik ),

1248-494: The stage musical The Rocky Horror Show , and his television debut in the sitcom Lovers . Lee eventually achieved his breakthrough in 2007 with the critically lauded medical drama White Tower and the highly popular romantic series Coffee Prince . He was nominated for Best New Actor in Television during the 43rd Baeksang Arts Awards . Besides Coffee Prince , he worked with director Lee Yoon-jung two other times—in

1300-829: The 17th century, the yangban had exchanged Hangul letters with slaves, which suggests a high literacy rate of Hangul during the Joseon era. In the context of growing Korean nationalism in the 19th century, the Gabo Reform of 1894 abolished the Confucian examinations and decreed that government documents would be issued in Hangul instead of literary Chinese. Some newspapers were published entirely in Hangul, but other publications used Korean mixed script , with Hanja for Sino-Korean vocabulary and Hangul for other elements. North Korea abolished Hanja in writing in 1949, but continues to teach them in schools. Their usage in South Korea

1352-408: The 20th century. The script uses 24 basic letters ( jamo ) and 27 complex letters formed from the basic ones. When first recorded in historical texts, Korean was only a spoken language . Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean culture have spread to other countries through globalization and cultural exports . As such, interest in Korean language acquisition (as a foreign language )

1404-636: The Best Actor award at the Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival held in Spain. Film distributor Myung Film quoted the judging committee as handing Lee high points for portraying the anguish his character felt for loving his wife's younger sister. Lee successfully shook off his "gentle" TV drama image in Pasta , where he played a brilliant-but-abrasive chef. The series' popularity made him

1456-574: The Park family father. Parasite was directed by Bong Joon-ho and became the first South Korean film to win the Palme d'Or as well as the Academy Award for Best Picture . The cast of Parasite , including Lee, also received an SAG Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. In 2021, Lee played a neuroscientist trying to solve the mysterious death of his family by hacking into

1508-840: The White Tower (both 2007) brought Lee mainstream popularity, which he followed with Pasta (2010), Golden Time (2012) and My Mister (2018). Meanwhile, on the big screen, he received a Best Actor award from the Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival for his role in Paju (2009), followed by critical acclaim for mystery thriller Helpless (2012), romantic comedy All About My Wife (2012), and crime / black comedy A Hard Day (2014). Lee also continued to collaborate with director Hong Sang-soo , and his arthouse films with Hong include Night and Day (2008), Oki's Movie (2010), and Nobody's Daughter Haewon (2013). On December 27, 2023, Lee died from suicide at

1560-568: The age of 48. At the time of his death, Lee had been investigated for alleged drug consumption. Lee Sun-kyun was born in Seoul on March 2, 1975. He attended the Korea National University of Arts in 1994, and graduated in the first ever class of its School of Drama with a Bachelor of Fine Arts . Lee made his debut as the lead actor in the 2000 short film Psycho Drama . In 2001, he made his stage acting debut as Brad Majors in

1612-455: The beginnings of words. /l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/ . A written syllable-final ' ㄹ ', when followed by a vowel or a glide ( i.e. , when the next character starts with ' ㅇ '), migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ] . Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j] , and otherwise became /n/ . However,

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1664-443: The brains of the deceased. Dr. Brain is the first Korean-language show produced for Apple TV+ . As the drama series debut of renowned filmmaker Kim Jee-woon , the sci-fi thriller is based on the Korean webtoon of the same name. For his performance he was nominated for a Best Actor award for the 50th International Emmy Awards . The same year, Lee appeared in the political drama film Kingmaker as political strategist. He received

1716-487: The critically acclaimed horror film Sleep . Lee married his wife, actress Jeon Hye-jin , on May 23, 2009. Their agency announced that their first son was born on November 25, 2009. The couple's second son was born on August 9, 2011. On October 19, 2023, it was revealed that Lee was booked for internal investigation over suspected drug use. As a result, he voluntarily dropped out of No Way Out , an upcoming thriller drama serial which just started its production days before

1768-499: The espionage comedy drama Good Casting , In 2021, Choi is appearing in fantasy romantic comedy Hello, Me! opposite Kim Young-kwang . In addition to acting, Choi is a radio DJ on KBS Cool FM . She also has her own clothing brand, Nowhere333. In October 2006, Choi was awarded a silver medal by the Korea National Red Cross in recognition of her frequent blood donations . A year later she became

1820-399: The first Korean dynasty known to Western nations. Korean people in the former USSR refer to themselves as Koryo-saram or Koryo-in (literally, " Koryo/Goryeo persons"), and call the language Koryo-mal' . Some older English sources also use the spelling "Corea" to refer to the nation, and its inflected form for the language, culture and people, "Korea" becoming more popular in

1872-462: The importance of the short drama format as a training ground for young talent, acknowledging its contribution to his own career. In 2012, he starred in two consecutive well-reviewed big-screen hits—mystery thriller Helpless and romantic comedy All About My Wife . Reuniting with Pasta director Kwon Seok-jang, Lee played a trauma doctor in Golden Time . His third collaboration with Kwon

1924-479: The inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ (mostly from English loanwords) are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l] . All obstruents (plosives, affricates, fricatives) at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release , [p̚, t̚, k̚] . Plosive sounds /p, t, k/ become nasals [m, n, ŋ] before nasal sounds. Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains

1976-408: The issue between Japanese and Korean, including Alexander Vovin, have argued that the indicated similarities are not due to any genetic relationship , but rather to a sprachbund effect and heavy borrowing, especially from Ancient Korean into Western Old Japanese . A good example might be Middle Korean sàm and Japanese asá , meaning " hemp ". This word seems to be a cognate, but although it

2028-639: The language is most often called Joseon-mal , or more formally, Joseon-o . This is taken from the North Korean name for Korea (Joseon), a name retained from the Joseon dynasty until the proclamation of the Korean Empire , which in turn was annexed by the Empire of Japan . In mainland China , following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term Cháoxiǎnyǔ or

2080-472: The language originates deeply influences the language, leading to a system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation. Modern Korean is written in the Korean script ( 한글 ; Hangeul in South Korea, 조선글 ; Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea), a system developed during the 15th century for that purpose, although it did not become the primary script until

2132-455: The late 1800s. In South Korea the Korean language is referred to by many names including hanguk-eo ("Korean language"), hanguk-mal ("Korean speech") and uri-mal ("our language"); " hanguk " is taken from the name of the Korean Empire ( 대한제국 ; 大韓帝國 ; Daehan Jeguk ). The " han " ( 韓 ) in Hanguk and Daehan Jeguk is derived from Samhan , in reference to

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2184-570: The passenger seat was a charcoal briquette commonly used in suicide via carbon monoxide poisoning in South Korea. The police earlier received a report from his wife that Lee had left home after "writing a memo akin to a suicide note ". Lee's funeral was held at the funeral hall of Seoul National University Hospital, and he was buried on the 29th in Yeonhwajang, Suwon . Lee's death came amidst multiple suspected suicides among South Korean celebrities, and an analysis article by CNN said it cast

2236-425: The police to conduct an additional lie detector test through his lawyer. The complaint is that it is unfair to be accused of drug use in a situation where there is only a statement and no physical evidence. Lee had admitted that the drugs were given to him by a hostess who he had been at a bar with, but said he was unaware that what he was given were illegal drugs, and that he had been deceived into doing so as part of

2288-463: The population was illiterate. In the 15th century King Sejong the Great personally developed an alphabetic featural writing system , known today as Hangul , to promote literacy among the common people. Introduced in the document Hunminjeongeum , it was called eonmun ('colloquial script') and quickly spread nationwide to increase literacy in Korea. The Korean alphabet was denounced by

2340-502: The revelation of his alleged drug use. On October 24, he was charged on suspicion of using cannabis and psychoactive drugs, according to Incheon Metropolitan Police Agency , and was summoned for questioning on October 28. Lee was also given a travel ban to prevent him from leaving the country during the course of investigations. Initial test results of Lee's hair samples revealed that Lee tested negative for drugs, and further investigations were expected as of November 2023. Lee first requested

2392-669: The short form Cháoyǔ has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian , whereas Hánguóyǔ or the short form Hányǔ is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea. Korean is a member of the Koreanic family along with the Jeju language . Some linguists have included it in the Altaic family, but the core Altaic proposal itself has lost most of its prior support. The Khitan language has several vocabulary items similar to Korean that are not found in other Mongolian or Tungusic languages, suggesting

2444-563: The sports-themed Taereung National Village in 2005, and in the slice-of-life drama Triple in 2009. Despite his burgeoning fame, Lee then turned to low-budget arthouse films to polish his acting caliber. He appeared in films directed by Hong Sang-soo , such Night and Day , Lost in the Mountains , Oki's Movie , Nobody's Daughter Haewon and Our Sunhi . Hong had been renowned for his realistic portrayal of ordinary lives in his films. Lee also headlined Paju , for which he won

2496-447: The store?' Response 예/네. ye/ne AFF Choi Kang-hee (actress) Choi Kang-hee made her acting debut in 1995 with a high school drama The New Generation Report: Adults Don't Know . She then went on to appear in the first installment of famed film and series franchises, horror film Whispering Corridors (1998) and television series School (1999), followed by Sweet Buns (2004) and Our Stance on How to Treat

2548-441: The tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ changes to /t/ (example: beoseot ( 버섯 ) 'mushroom'). /h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] before [o] or [u] , a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i] , a velar [x] before [ɯ] , a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere. /p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds. /m, n/ frequently denasalize at

2600-464: The underlying, partly historical morphology . Given this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in a certain word. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /ɾ/ became a morphological rule called "initial law" ( 두음법칙 ) in the pronunciation standards of South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /ɾ/ in the pronunciation standards of North Korea. For example, ^NOTE ㅏ

2652-594: Was Miss Korea , a drama set amidst the IMF crisis in the 1990s. Lee returned to the theater opposite wife Jeon Hye-jin in Mike Bartlett 's stage play Love, Love, Love in 2013. The following year, he headlined the film A Hard Day , which screened at the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , and became a critically acclaimed sleeper hit at the box office. In 2015, Lee starred in

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2704-487: Was first introduced to Korea in the 1st century BC, and remained the medium of formal writing and government until the late 19th century. Korean scholars adapted Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja ) to write their own language, creating scripts known as idu , hyangchal , gugyeol , and gakpil. These systems were cumbersome, due to the fundamental disparities between the Korean and Chinese languages, and accessible only to those educated in classical Chinese. Most of

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