37-522: The Heaton Lodge and Wortley Railway was constructed by the London and North Western Railway , to provide a duplicate route between Huddersfield and Leeds , leaving the existing line at Heaton Lodge Junction , east of Huddersfield and rejoining it at Farnley junction, south west of Leeds. During construction it became known as the Leeds New Line and following nationalisation it was referred to as
74-568: A cutting crossed by a series of road overbridges. The next station was Northorpe Higher which was originally built of wood, north of the bridge over Shillbank Lane. This station burnt down in 1921 and was replaced by a new station south of the overbridge. The line then ran parallel to the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Mirfield Branch, crossing it and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Ravensthorpe Branch before entering Heckmondwike in
111-858: A grand railway network, the company encouraged the development of the North Union Railway which extended the tracks onward to Preston , and it also invested in the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway and the Caledonian Railway . In 1845, the GJR merged with the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and consolidated its position by buying the North Union Railway in association with the Manchester and Leeds Railway . In 1841,
148-487: A series of cuttings and a short tunnel. Heckmondwike Spen was itself in a cutting and was followed by a section of walled cutting with many overbridges, before passing through another cutting and reaching Liversedge Spen . The line then began a gentle curve to the east, passing through Cleckheaton Spen before reaching Gomersal shortly after exiting Gomersal Tunnel. The line then passed through Birstall Town and Gildersome Tunnel before reaching Gildersome East . In 2007
185-609: Is known as the West Coast Main Line . The LNWR's network also extended into Wales and Yorkshire . In 1923, it became a constituent of the London, Midland and Scottish (LMS) railway, and, in 1948, the London Midland Region of British Railways . The company was formed on 16 July 1846 by the London and North Western Railway Act 1846 ( 9 & 10 Vict. c. cciv), which authorised the amalgamation of
222-586: The Chester and Holyhead Railway and became responsible for the lucrative Irish Mail trains via the North Wales Main Line to Holyhead . On 1 February 1859, the company launched the limited mail service, which was only allowed to take three passenger coaches, one each for Glasgow, Edinburgh and Perth. The Postmaster General was always willing to allow a fourth coach, provided the increased weight did not cause time to be lost in running. The train
259-704: The Dearne Valley Railway ) and at the same time absorbed the North London Railway and the Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company , both of which were previously controlled by the LNWR. With this, the LNWR achieved a route mileage (including joint lines, and lines leased or worked) of 2,707.88 miles (4,357.91 km). The company built a war memorial in the form of an obelisk outside Euston station to commemorate
296-661: The District Railway at Earl's Court and over the route to Richmond. With the Bakerloo Tube Line being extended over the Watford DC lines , the railway was electrified at 630 V DC fourth rail . The electricity was generated at the LNWR's power station in Stonebridge Park and a depot built at Croxley Green. The LNWR became a constituent of the London, Midland and Scottish (LMS) railway when
333-545: The Grand Junction Railway acquisition of the North Union Railway in 1846, the London and North Western Railway operated as far north as Preston. In 1859, the Lancaster and Preston Junction Railway amalgamated with the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway and this combined enterprise was leased to the London and North Western Railway, giving it a direct route from London to Carlisle. In 1858, they merged with
370-534: The Grand Junction Railway , London and Birmingham Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway . This move was prompted, in part, by the Great Western Railway 's plans for a railway north from Oxford to Birmingham. The company initially had a network of approximately 350 miles (560 km), connecting London with Birmingham, Crewe, Chester, Liverpool and Manchester. The headquarters were at Euston railway station . As traffic increased, it
407-484: The Great Northern Railway . The LNWR also operated a joint service with the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway from Fleetwood to Belfast and Derry . Southern Division: North Eastern Division: NE Division became part of N Division in 1857. Northern Division: Northern and Southern Divisions amalgamated from April 1862: Grand Junction Railway The Grand Junction Railway ( GJR )
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#1732802197674444-496: The Inter City network , such as the main lines from London to Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and Carlisle, collectively known in the modern era as the West Coast Main Line . These were electrified in the 1960s and 1970s, and further upgraded in the 1990s and 2000s, with trains now running at up to 125 mph. Other LNWR lines survive as part of commuter networks around major cities such as Birmingham and Manchester. In 2017 it
481-426: The London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR), whose adjacent platforms gave an interchange with full connectivity (with through carriages) between Liverpool, Manchester and London . The company merged with its business partners in 1846 to form the London and North Western Railway (LNWR). The lines which comprised the GJR now form the central section of the West Coast Main Line . The Grand Junction Railway Company
518-532: The London and North Western Railway in 1846, which in turn formed part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. One locomotive, Columbine , a 2-2-2 tender engine built in 1845 at Crewe Works , is preserved at the Science Museum . Designed by Alexander Allan , it was the first of the GJR's standard 'Crewe-type' engines , with outside cylinders , and carried fleet number 49. It
555-645: The 1890s, bringing the total to 15. The LNWR described itself as the Premier Line. This was justified, as it included the pioneering Liverpool and Manchester Railway of 1830 and the original LNWR main line linking London, Birmingham and Lancashire had been the first big railway in Britain, opened throughout in 1838. As the largest joint stock company in the United Kingdom, it collected a greater revenue than any other railway company of its era. With
592-640: The 3,719 of its employees who died in the First World War. After the Second World War, the names of the LMS's casualties were added to the LNWR's memorial. The LNWR were also involved in the mass manufacture of replacement legs in the mid 19th century and the early 20th century. This is due-to the routine demand for prostheses for disabled staff. Serious injuries that resulted in the loss of limbs were common at this time with over 4,963 casualties in
629-537: The Grand Junction Railway in January 1838. Using a converted horse-box, it was carried out at the suggestion of Frederick Karstadt, a General Post Office surveyor. Karstadt's son was one of two mail clerks who did the sorting. When the London and Birmingham Railway opened on 17 September 1838, services were routed to and from Curzon Street station which it shared with the Grand Junction Railway,
666-611: The LNWR owned the 26-mile (42 km) Dundalk, Newry and Greenore Railway , which connected to other lines of the Irish mainline network at Dundalk and Newry. The LNWR also had the Huddersfield Line connecting Liverpool and Manchester with Leeds , and secondary routes extending to Nottingham , Derby , Peterborough and South Wales . At its peak just before World War I , it ran a route mileage of more than 1,500 miles (2,400 km), and employed 111,000 people. In 1913,
703-725: The Spen Line. Passenger services ceased in the 1950s with full closure in stages between 1960 and 1990. An early casualty of the construction of the railway was Mirfield Cricket Club, who stated in the Report and Balance sheet of the Annual General Meeting held at the Black Bull Hotel on Wednesday 18 December 1895: Owing to the construction of the Heaton Lodge and Wortley Railway; it became necessary at
740-615: The Spen Valley Ringway was a 3.3 kilometres (2.1 mi) greenway route linking two schools at Littletown and Millbridge. In 2010 it was extended along 500 yards (460 m) of the old Leeds New Line into Heckmondwike. This was part of a diversion of the Spen Valley Greenway whilst it was closed for water main construction and was financed by Yorkshire Water . London and North Western Railway The London and North Western Railway ( LNWR , L&NWR )
777-401: The company achieved a total revenue of £17,219,060 (equivalent to £2,140,160,000 in 2023) with working expenses of £11,322,164 (equivalent to £1,407,230,000 in 2023). On 1 January 1922, one year before it amalgamated with other railways to create the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), the LNWR amalgamated with the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (including its subsidiary
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#1732802197674814-542: The company appointed Captain Mark Huish as the secretary of the railway. Huish was ruthless in the development of the business and contributed significantly to the company's success. The GJR was very profitable, paying dividends of at least 10% from its beginning and having a final capital value of more than £5.75 million (equivalent to £703.33 million now) when it merged with the London and Birmingham Railway and Manchester and Birmingham Railway companies to become
851-465: The end of the season 1894, to select a new ground, lay a new cricket pitch, and erect a new pavilion. The line was opened on 1 October 1900. Leaving the existing LNWR Huddersfield to Leeds line at Heaton Lodge junction, the line curved north, crossing the River Calder and Huddersfield Road on overbridges, to where Battyeford was reached. The line then crossed Mirfield viaduct before entering
888-441: The ensuing winter is over, and the embankments on the London and Birmingham Line are well settled down, first class trains between Liverpool and Manchester and London will not occupy more than nine hours in the journey. This being accomplished, what further improvement could be desired between London and Lancashire? In 1840, the GJR absorbed the Chester and Crewe Railway soon before it began operation. Considering itself as part of
925-466: The existing Warrington and Newton Railway to join the Liverpool and Manchester Railway at a triangular junction at Newton Junction . The GJR established its chief engineering works at Crewe , relocating there from Edge Hill , in Liverpool. It began operation with a temporary Birmingham terminus at Vauxhall , The travelling post office where mail was sorted on a moving train was instituted on
962-615: The platforms of which were adjacent, providing a link between Liverpool, Manchester and London . The route between Curzon Street railway station and Vauxhall primarily consisted of the Birmingham Viaduct. It consisted of 28 arches, each 31 feet (9.4 m) wide and 28 feet (8.5 m) tall and crossed the River Rea . In October 1838, the Liverpool Mercury reported that It is confidently expected, that after
999-597: The railways of Great Britain were merged in the grouping of 1923. Ex-LNWR lines formed the core of the LMS's Western Division. Nationalisation followed in 1948, with the English and Welsh lines of the LMS becoming the London Midland Region of British Railways . Some former LNWR routes were subsequently closed, including the lines running east to west across the Midlands (e.g. Peterborough to Northampton and Cambridge to Oxford ), but others were developed as part of
1036-513: The standard livery. This finish has been described as "blackberry black". Major accidents on the LNWR include: Minor incidents include: The LNWR operated ships on Irish Sea crossings between Holyhead and Dublin , Howth , Kingstown or Greenore . At Greenore, the LNWR built and operated the Dundalk, Newry and Greenore Railway to link the port with the Belfast–Dublin line operated by
1073-475: The use of the water trough designed by John Ramsbottom . It was introduced on a section of level track at Mochdre, between Llandudno Junction and Colwyn Bay. The company inherited several manufacturing facilities from the companies with which it merged, but these were consolidated and in 1862, locomotive construction and maintenance was done at the Crewe Locomotive Works , carriage building
1110-522: The year of 1910 on the LNWR alone, and over 25,000 injuries across the whole industry, manufacturing prostheses resulted in self-sufficiency for the company. From 1909 to 1922, the LNWR undertook a large-scale project to electrify the whole of its London inner-suburban network. The London and North Western Railway London inner-suburban network, encompassed the lines from London Broad Street to Richmond, London Euston to Watford, with branch lines such as Watford to Croxley Green . There were also links to
1147-521: Was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. In the late 19th century, the LNWR was the largest joint stock company in the world. Dubbed the "Premier Line", the LNWR's main line connected four of the largest cities in England; London , Birmingham , Manchester and Liverpool , and, through cooperation with their Scottish partners, the Caledonian Railway also connected Scotland's largest cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh . Today this route
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1184-536: Was an early railway company in the United Kingdom, which existed between 1833 and 1846. The line built by the company, which opened in 1837, linked the Liverpool and Manchester Railway to Birmingham via Warrington , Crewe , Stafford and Wolverhampton . This was the first trunk railway to be completed in England, and arguably the world's first long-distance railway with steam traction. It terminated at Curzon Street Station in Birmingham, which it shared with
1221-474: Was announced that the new franchisee for the West Midlands and semi-fast West Coast services between London and North West England would utilise the brand London Northwestern Railway as an homage to the LNWR. The LNWR's main engineering works were at Crewe (locomotives), Wolverton (carriages) and Earlestown (wagons). Locomotives were usually painted green at first, but in 1873 black was adopted as
1258-505: Was done at Wolverton and wagon building was concentrated at Earlestown . At the core of the LNWR system was the main line network connecting London Euston with the major cities of Birmingham , Liverpool and Manchester , and (through co-operation with the Caledonian Railway ) Edinburgh and Glasgow . This route is today known as the West Coast Main Line . A ferry service also linked Holyhead to Greenore in County Louth, where
1295-728: Was established in the second half of 1832 by the consolidation of two rival companies: the Birmingham and Liverpool Railway Company and the Liverpool and Birmingham Railway Company . Authorised by an act of Parliament , the Grand Junction Railway Act 1833 ( 3 & 4 Will. 4 . c. xxxiv), on 6 May 1833 and designed by George Stephenson and Joseph Locke , the Grand Junction Railway opened for business on 4 July 1837, running for 82 miles (132 km) from Birmingham through Wolverhampton (via Perry Barr and Bescot ), Stafford , Crewe , and Warrington , then via
1332-466: Was greatly expanded with the opening in 1849 of the Great Hall, designed by Philip Charles Hardwick in classical style. It was 126 ft (38 m) long, 61 ft (19 m) wide and 64 ft (20 m) high and cost £150,000 (equivalent to £19,650,000 in 2023). The station stood on Drummond Street. Further expansion resulted in two additional platforms in the 1870s with four more in
1369-411: Was timed to leave Euston at 20.30 and operated until the institution of a dedicated post train, wholly of Post Office vehicles, in 1885. On 1 October 1873 the first sleeping carriage ran between Euston and Glasgow, attached to the limited mail . It ran three nights a week in each direction. On 1 February 1874 a second carriage was provided and the service ran every night. In 1860, the company pioneered
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