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43-479: Leimebamba (or Leymebamba) is a district of the province of Chachapoyas , located in the northern Peruvian department of Amazonas , in the valley of the Utcubamba River , about 60 kilometers (37 miles) south of Chachapoyas . Leimebamba is at approximately 2,000 meters above sea level, and the area is warm with a lush tropical vegetation . Although it can rain anytime of the year, during June to September

86-476: A festival in her honour is held on July 16 every year. Celebrations include a special mass, a procession, a festival of local cuisine, street parties and fireworks. August 28, the Day of Saint Augustine sees another celebration. There are two overland approaches to Leimebamba. It is located on the main road between Chachapoyas and Cajamarca , all of which is now paved. Cajamarca has an airport, and from there it

129-466: A modest and worthily way and they devoted themselves to agriculture and mining . Many settlers achieved a loose economic position, keeping, nevertheless, the austerity of the customs that was one of the highlight points of Chachapoyas' social life. With time the settlers were spreading to other zones of the region, such as Luya , city that was established in 1569 by the governor Lope García de Castro , ratified later in its administrative organization by

172-443: A place called Jalca , which apparently did not have the demanded conditions. This was the reason why the location of the flaming city was changed several times. According to the papers of the epoch, the last time that a change was made was in 1544, but it is unknown when the city was established in its current place. The same day of Chachapoyas' foundation, the members of the first cabildo were elected, turning out to be designated

215-437: A second expedition, this time with instructions to take possession of the zone, delivering Alvarado a provision so he would be able to found the city of San Juan de la Frontera de los Chachapoyas . But this time Pizarro's envoy met the bellicose resistance of a curaca called Huamán , whom they had to defeat before coming to their destination, where they founded the mentioned city on September 5, 1538. Alvarado had chosen

258-537: Is an 8-hour bus ride to Leimebamba, taking in dramatic and ever-changing scenery, as the road, much of which is single-lane, climbs to a 3,200m (10,500 ft) pass after Celendin , then drops to the town of Balsas on the Marañon River at 850m (2,789 ft), before climbing again to the Barro Negro pass at 3,678m (12,068 ft), before descending again to reach Leimebamba (2,200m / 7,218 ft). It

301-577: Is born from the meeting of several creeks that go down the heights of Molino Pampa district . This river flows into the Utcubamba along with the Huancachaca . It has a short trip, its beaches are narrow and its areas are unusable because its slopes are rocky and steep. In Shihual , a Magdalena 's district, there are many calcareous caverns, which stalactites and stalagmites formations serve as habitat to diverse night birds. La Jalca has

344-481: Is located at 2,144 m. This is the lowest pass of the whole Peruvian Andes to arrive to the Pan-American road system. The vast and deep Marañón valley which constitutes one of the most important morphologic features of the region. The Marañón valley crosses a big part of its territory and expands itself from south to north. It reaches its greatest width in the province of Bagua . It narrows when it crosses

387-920: Is longitudinally developed up to the Marañón River, in which it flowed at 400 m. This zone is the principal center of production and human groups location. It is developed in four very pronounced sectors: The principal tributaries of the Utkupampa are the Chiriaco , the Nieva , the Santiago (that is born in Ecuador ) and the Cenepa , that is born in the north zone of the Cordillera del Cóndor . The Cenepa River receives in its trip numerous tributaries like

430-541: Is only 60 km (37 miles) from Chachapoyas to Leimembamba, along the Utcubamba valley, and public transport takes about two hours to make the journey. However, Chachapoyas does not have a commercial airport, with the nearest one being in Jaen , a 4-hour bus journey away. Leimebamba District is home to a large number of tourist attractions. The best known of these is the Leymebamba Museum, which contains many of

473-458: The Chachapoya culture , but have been little studied. Reaching these ruins can be done on foot, with a selection of one-day and multi-day hikes. The town of Leimebamba has a small selection of accommodation, and can be used as a base to visit other attractions of Amazonas, such as Revash , Kuelap and Gocta Falls . Leimebamba is a head office of a parish that is served by two Priests from

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516-581: The Comaina . It flowed in the Marañon river , located near Orellana ( Condorcanqui Province ). The Utkupampa valley which is born in the high jalcas of the Chachapoyas Province and which runs from southeast to northwest to mix with the waters of the Marañón River, forms the immense plain of Bagua . This plain has a warm climate, which temperature can reach a maximum of 40 °C, being

559-554: The Cordillera Oriental ( Spanish for "eastern mountain range") in its most violent route towards the east, towards the lowest part of the Amazon . It crosses those wonderful canyons and natural porches called punkus , a Quechua word that means doors. The Utkupampa valley which is the real axis of the department of Amazonas is located between 5° and 6° of south latitude and 78° and 79° of west longitude. It

602-544: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Chachapoyas . 6°40′59″S 77°46′59″W  /  6.68306°S 77.78306°W  / -6.68306; -77.78306 Chachapoyas Province After the department of Amazonas was created, by law of November 21, 1832, it became a province of the Amazonas region, and the city of Chachapoyas remained a regional capital. Its principal quarters are: A big part of

645-758: The Sociedad Amantes del País (Lovers of the Country Society), founder and collaborator of the newspaper Mercurio Peruano , deputy of the Spanish Parliament and congressman of the first Constituent Congress , in which the majority of its members were his disciples. The department of Amazonas was created by a law issued by the government of the marshal Agustín Gamarra , promulgated on November 21, 1832. The initiative belonged to two illustrious children of Chachapoyas: Modesto de la Vega and José Braulio de Camporredondo . Camporredondo

688-513: The councillors Gómez de Alvarado , Alonso de Chávez , Gonzalo de Trujillo , Gonzalo de Guzmán , Luis Valera (father of the chronicler Blas Valera ), Pedro Romero , Bernardino de Anaya and Francisco de Fuentes . According to the Spanish custom, the layout of the city was made by means of rectilinear design streets. A few years after its foundation, the prosperity of the region began to demonstrate itself in magnificent constructions in

731-448: The viceroy Francisco de Toledo . There it bloomed an agriculture of varied production and the upbringing of dairy , sheep and equine cattle. In one of his pastoral visits, Saint Toribio de Mogrovejo visited the principal populations of this department in this epoch. The inhabitants of Chachapoyas became involved in the movement for independence. In April 1821, helping the action of San Martin's liberating army, they ignored

774-857: The 16th century, the Chachapoya were among the many nations incorporated into the Inca Empire . Their incorporation to the Inca Empire had not been easy, due to the sprouts of resistance that the chachapoyas offered repeatedly to the Inca's troops. The chronicler Pedro Cieza de León offers some notes about the Chachapoyas: "They are the whitest and most handsome of all the people that I have seen in Indies , and their wives were so beautiful that because of their gentleness, many of them deserved to be

817-595: The Amazonas Region and it only includes 27.07% of its whole territorial surface. One of the factors that help to give big importance to its geography is not only that the big valleys and plains of its rainforest zone are the closest to the Pacific Ocean , but also its connections with the routes of the coast are the lowest. This is because they use the Paso de Porculla (the mountain pass of Porculla) that

860-511: The Incas' wives and to also be taken to the Sun Temple (...) The women and their husbands always dressed in woolen clothes and in their heads they wear their llautos , which are a sign they wear to be known everywhere." Cieza adds that, after the annexation to the Inca Empire, the Chachapoya apparently adopted the customs imposed by the people from the department of Cuzco . The meaning of

903-604: The Pre- Hispanic cultures that became prosperous in the area are still a mystery due to the lack of research. Deep in the interior, Kuélap's Fortress is an ancient walled city and archeological site in the mountains. The largest stone complex in South America, it is located 3,000 meters above sea level, higher than the site of Machu Picchu. It is located above the Amazon River , where it bends before entering

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946-508: The Spanish authorities, exiling the subdelegate Francisco Baquedano and the bishop of Maynas Hipólito Sánchez , who were fighting openly against independence . Noted patriots born in Amazonas include: The military chief of Moyobamba , colonel José Matos , organized an army of 600 men, who confronted the patriots on June 6, 1821, in Higos Urco pampa . Although the latter lacked training, military knowledge or discipline, they faced

989-545: The broad lowland basin. A huge construction of military architecture, Kuélap's Fortress includes the ruins of some 450 houses. The Chachapoyas culture developed during the Inca age; these people strongly opposed the Incan conquest and repelled the first Inca attempts to incorporate the region to their empire in the 15th century. The Spanish colonial region's capital, Chachapoyas, was founded in 1538 by Alonso de Alvarado . During

1032-406: The city of Chachapoyas, with big courts , wide lounges and architectural characteristics adapted to the zone. The colonial aspect of Chachapoyas stays almost intact until now, and it is one of the most attractive characteristics of this old city. A refined religious feeling was one of the characteristics that distinguished the settlers of this region during the colonial period. In the same year of

1075-406: The coast, or by the rivers from the region of the east. Such situation continue until 1960, date in which the highway arrived to Chachapoyas, although it had been already preceded by air transport. Later, during the last government of the doctor Manuel Prado , there was constructed and inaugurated the highway that joins Chachapoyas with the big route of penetration Olmos-Marañon. With this, Amazonas

1118-506: The following dates: The colonial splendour of Chachapoyas , almost a complete city, was disappearing during the Republic because it had been imposed in the country new means of transport that were turning it in a cloistered and outlying city from the rest of the country. Chachapoyas remained this way during more than one century in the Republic. Without highways of access, the route had to be done on horse, in long and painful caravans from

1161-509: The foundation of Chachapoyas, the first church was built. Its first priest was Hernando Gutiérrez Palacios . Later the churches of Santa Ana , San Lázaro and Señor de Burgos were built. Three religious convents were also established: San Francisco, La Merced and that of the betlehemitas. The majority of the persons who settled in Chachapoyas from the time of its foundation were people with nobility , but poor. They were living in

1204-407: The mid-16th century. It is one of Peru's major archeological sites. The department of Amazonas consists of regions covered by rainforests and mountain ranges . The rainforest zone predominates (72.93%) and it extends to the north over its oriental slope, up to the border with Ecuador in the summits of the Cordillera del Cóndor . The mountain range zone is located in the southern provinces of

1247-432: The minimum one 21 °C. Like in the whole high jungle region of Peru –head of mountain-, its water regimen is irregular and sometimes without rains. Some of the important places inside this route are the touristic corridor of the Utkupampa and the lake Pumaqucha . Some excavation of archaeological sites covered over by the rain forest have attested to the presence of humans in the area since ancient times. Most of

1290-470: The mountains, some of them are situated near the Utcubamba River. Leimebamba District was legally created on May 3, 1955, during the government of President Manuel A. Odria . The Incas accompanying Tupac Yupanqui celebrated Inti Raymi in the area, and so named it Raymipampa . From this, the name Leimebamba is derived. Our Lady of Mount Carmel is the patron saint of Leimebamba town, and

1333-482: The mummies found at the Laguna de los Condores site, along with their funerary offerings. It also has information about the region's flora and fauna, and a display of quipus found in the area. The spectacular Laguna de los Condores itself can be visited, either by hike or on horseback. There are also many pre-Inca ruins in the region, such as Congona, Petaca and Diablo Wasi, most of which are thought to have belonged to

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1376-409: The north and west, Cajamarca on the west, La Libertad on the south, and Loreto and San Martín on the east. Its capital is the city of Chachapoyas . With a landscape of steep river gorges and mountains, Amazonas is the location of Kuelap , a huge stone fortress enclosing more than 400 stone structures; it was built on a mountain about 3,000 meters high, starting about 500 AD and was occupied to

1419-784: The privilege of being the first Spanish city that has been founded in the region: in effect, captain Alonso de Alvarado , conqueror of the Amazonas , on September 5, 1538 founded there the first city of San Juan de la Frontera de los Chachapoyas , which then would be moved to the place that it occupies now. For Peter Lerche, an anthropologist, in la Jalca there is the legitimate Andean pre-Hispanic indigenous Peruvian culture , with traditional towns like Conila , Levanto , Colcamar , Luya . Fruit of his investigations initiated in 1980, he has published "Chachapoyas, travelers' guide". In this book he proposes some tourist circuits. The first one of them,

1462-453: The province is constituted by soils of puna , located between 4,000 and 5,000 metres (13,000 and 16,000 ft) in the oriental districts of Chiliquín , Quinjalca and Granada . Two principal rivers cover its territory: the Utcubamba , which runs from south to north and which right margin is dedicated to the agriculture in diverse form; and the Sonche , which runs from east to west and it

1505-546: The realistas determined to give their lives in defense of the proclaimed freedom. Matea Rimachi was an Amazonas woman renowned as a heroine of Higos Urco . Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza , a professor , politician , philosopher and jurist , was one of the most important patriot leaders of the Amazonas. He signed the record of national independence in Lima . He was the rector of the Convictorio de San Carlos , member of

1548-408: The regions of Pataz , Chachapoyas and Maynas will stay inside the limits of the Amazonas Region. Salaverry tried futilely to annul the creation of this department that, later, according to diverse demarcating dispositions was diminishing in its area. Most of its territory was dismembered in 1866, when the department of Loreto was created. The creation of its current provinces was realized in

1591-603: The same year, its first church was built. Later the Santa Ana, San Lázaro and Señor de Burgos churches were built. In April 1821, the city's inhabitants expelled the Spaniards and ignored their rule, following the steps taken by the San Martín liberating army as Peru gained independence from Spain. The area of the Amazonas Region was strongly linked to the movement for independence. The cleric Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza

1634-457: The shortest, can take in average 5 days, and the others, for more adventurous spirits, can take in average 15 days. Chachapoyas is divided into twenty-one districts , which are: 6°20′S 77°48′W  /  6.333°S 77.800°W  / -6.333; -77.800 Amazonas (Peruvian department) Amazonas ( Spanish pronunciation: [amaˈsonas] ) is a department and region in northern Peru bordered by Ecuador on

1677-609: The weather tends to be dry. To the north, the Leimebamba District is bordered by San Francisco del Yeso District and Montevideo District , to the east by San Martín Region , to the south by the District of Chuquibamba ; and to the west by the District of Balsas . Leimebamba is located on a mountain near the River Utcubamba. The majority of the villages and hamlets of Leymebamba District are situated in

1720-565: Was an excellent agricultural region where the people possessed a lot of gold and silver. The conquistador did not lose time and formed an expedition of 20 men, putting captain Alonso de Alvarado in charge of it, with the express order to found a Christian city at Chachapoyas. The chroniclers say that, when the Spanish arrived to the region, the Chachapoyas people gave big parties in their honor and gave them many rich gifts willingly, also numerous examples of appreciation, including showing some interest to become Christians. Pizarro decided to send

1763-472: Was in charge of the presidency of the republic, in absence of the marshall Gamarra . Four years later, a department of the same name was established alongside the Peru–Bolivian Confederation . The same law contained a series of norms to promote the economic development of the new Hindu network including exonerations of rights in its commerce with Ecuador or Brazil. In accordance with this law,

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1806-618: Was its most outstanding representative, encouraging the patriots of this era and signing the National Act of Independence. The Cordillera del Condor , located in this region, was the scene of the border war between Peru and Ecuador in 1981. The natives of the region received in a jubilant and cordial way the first Spanish who came into Amazonas. They knew about their arrival in Peru by the news that they had received from Cajamarca . Those people had told Francisco Pizarro that Chachapoyas

1849-541: Was put in direct communication with Lima and the rest of the Republic. The department of Amazonas possesses a great past that is still precariously evaluated and spread. On its borders, there are fabulous archaeological testimonies like Cuélap , the most extensive monument of the Peruvian ancestral past. Cuélap was the main city of the Chachapoyas culture in their peak years. When the Spanish arrived in Peru in

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