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26-428: The plateau has rich mining areas where iron and copper ores are extracted, as well as rock-salt, talc and mica. The Lena-Angara Plateau is mostly sparsely populated. The biggest settlements are Ust-Kut , Kirensk , Zheleznogorsk-Ilimsky , as well as the villages of Zhigalovo and Kachug . The Bratsk Reservoir is located in the plateau area. The Lena-Angara Plateau rises in the middle part of Irkutsk Oblast, between

52-462: A resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring ). Patrons visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits. Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath in 1668. He became interested in the curative properties of the hot mineral waters there and in 1676 wrote A discourse of Bathe, and the hot waters there. Also, Some Enquiries into

78-514: A growing number of spa towns. The traditional ones are: Águas de Lindoia , Serra Negra , Águas de São Pedro , Caxambu , Poços de Caldas , Caldas Novas , Araxá , and São Lourenço . Bulgaria is known for its more than 500 mineral springs, including the hottest spring in the Balkans at Sapareva Banya - 103 °C. Other famous spa towns include Sandanski , Hisarya , Bankya , Devin , Kyustendil , Varshets , Velingrad . In Bulgarian ,

104-465: A maximum width of 380 kilometers (240 mi). The average height of the plateau surface is 1,100 meters (3,600 ft) in the south, decreasing to an average of 500 meters (1,600 ft) in the north. Mountaintops are flat and elevations moderate; the highest point is the Namai , a 1,464 meters (4,803 ft) high summit. This same mountain, however, is marked as a 4,852-foot-high (1,479 m) peak in

130-732: A spa town. Spa towns in South Africa include: Spa towns in Spain include: Taiwan is home to a number of towns and cities with tourism infrastructure centered on hot springs. These include: There are several spa towns in Turkey . The most famous of these is Pamukkale, Denizli where the Pamukkale thermal springs are located. Some but not all UK spa towns contain "Spa", "Wells", or "Bath" in their names, e.g., Matlock Bath . Some towns are designated Spa Heritage Towns. Two out of four of

156-592: A transport hub, with the connection of road and rail transport with river traffic on the Lena. During the summer months, passenger ferries depart downriver from Ust-Kut to Yakutsk and Tiksi . There is a road bridge over the river in Ust-Kut. There are also shipyards and food production in the town. Ust-Kut is spread along the Baikal–Amur Mainline with multiple stations, including the smaller Ust-Kut station and

182-638: Is rich in thermal waters with health benefits, and many spa towns are popular tourist destinations. Budapest has several spas , including Turkish style spas dating back to the 16th century. Eger also has a Turkish spa. Other famous spas include the ones at Hévíz , Harkány , Bük , Hajdúszoboszló , Gyula , Bogács , Bükkszék , Zalakaros , the Cave Bath at Miskolctapolca and the Zsóry-fürdő at Mezőkövesd . In Italy , spa towns, called città termale (from Latin thermae ), are very numerous all over

208-514: Is the largest spa town in Germany. The most popular spa towns in Greece are Aidipsos , Agkistro, Serres , Loutraki , Kamena Vourla , Kimolos , Loutra Kyllinis , Sidirokastro, Serres , Lakkos Milos , Loutrochori, Aridaia, Pella (Pozar) In Hungary , the word fürdő or the more archaic füred ("bath"), fürdőváros ("spa town") or fürdőhely ("bathing place") implies a spa town. Hungary

234-948: The Angara River to the west and the Kirenga River, a tributary of the Lena, to the east. To the northwest it is bound by the Angara Range , to the south by the Angara valley, to the southeast by the Primorsky Range , and to the east by the Baikal Range , beyond which lies Lake Baikal . To the north the Lena-Angara Plateau merges with the Central Siberian Plateau . It extends roughly for over 600 kilometers (370 mi) with

260-659: The West Bohemian Spa Triangle of Karlovy Vary , Františkovy Lázně and Mariánské Lázně , listed on UNESCO World Heritage Site . Other important spas are Luhačovice , Teplice , Jáchymov , Konstantinovy Lázně , Jeseník , Třeboň , Poděbrady , Bechyně or Velké Losiny . Traditionally, Hanko , Rauma and Kalajoki have been considered spa towns. Today there are more than 50 spas ( kylpylä ) in Finland; some towns known for their spa centers include Ikaalinen , Naantali and Imatra . In France ,

286-538: The "Spa Centre of Australia". In Queensland , many towns have mineral springs created by artesian bores into the Great Artesian Basin , often the only or primary water supply to the towns. Some of these towns had periods of popularity as spa towns, including Ararmac , Barcaldine , Dalby , Helidon , Innot Hot Springs , and Muckadilla , mostly in the late 1800s and early 1900s when mineral spas were believed to cure various medical conditions. However,

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312-742: The E-8 sheet of the Defense Mapping Agency Navigation charts. The same peak is shown as a 1,509-metre-high (4,951 ft) summit in the N-48 sheet of the Soviet Topographic Map. The plateau is dissected by deep river valleys with average depths ranging between 600 meters (2,000 ft) and 200 meters (660 ft). The upper course of river Lena crosses the plateau roughly from south to north. Its tributaries Kirenga , Ilga , Tutura , Tayura and Kuta join it in

338-412: The Lena . Mineral springs to the west of the town were reportedly discovered as early as the 17th century by Yerofey Khabarov and a spa was built at the site in 1925. In the early 20th century Ust-Kut served as a destination for political exiles, most notably Leon Trotsky . In 1951, the railway from Tayshet reached Ust-Kut. The town thus became the first and only river port on the Lena served by

364-642: The Nature of the water . This brought the purported health-giving properties of the waters to the attention of the aristocracy, who started to partake in them soon after. The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy , which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and geothermal baths. There are mineral springs in the Central Highlands of Victoria . Most are in and around Daylesford and Hepburn Springs . Daylesford and Hepburn Springs call themselves "Spa Country" and

390-519: The actual main station Lena near the river port in Osetrovo. At the small settlement of Yakurim a few kilometers further, the railway crosses the Lena via a 500-meter (1,600 ft) bridge, the last bridge across the river for its entire length. The town is served by the Ust-Kut Airport , located 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) northwest of the town center. Spa town A spa town is

416-646: The administrative center of the oblast . Located on a western loop of the Lena River , the town spreads out for over 20 kilometers (12 mi) along the left bank, near the point where the Kuta River joins from the west. Population: 45,375 ( 2010 Census ) ; 49,951 ( 2002 Census ) ; 61,165 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The town's name means "the mouth of the Kuta River" in Russian, with

442-473: The affix). Portugal is well known by famous spa towns throughout of the country. Due to its high quality, as well as the landscape where are located, the most important ones are: In Romania , the word Băile implies a spa town. The most famous spa towns in Romania are Băile Herculane , Băile Felix , Mangalia , Covasna , Călimănești & Borsec . Serbia is known for its many spa cities. Some of

468-966: The best known springs are the Vrnjačka Banja , Bukovička Banja , Vrujci , Sokobanja and Niška Banja . The hottest spring in Serbia is at Vranjska Banja (96°C) In Serbia, the word Banja implies a spa town. Slovakia is well known by its spa towns. The most famous is the city of Piešťany in Trnava Region . Other notable spa towns in Slovakia include: Spa towns in Slovenia include Rogaška Slatina , Radenci , Čatež ob Savi , Dobrna , Dolenjske Toplice, Šmarješke Toplice, Moravske Toplice , Rimske Toplice , Laško and Topolšica . They offer accommodation in hotels, apartments, bungalows, and camp sites. The Slovenian words terme or toplice imply

494-630: The country because of the intense geological activity of the territory. These places were known and used since the Roman age. Most spa towns in Poland are located in the Lesser Poland and Lower Silesian Voivodeships. Some of them have an affix " Zdrój " in their name (written with hyphen or separately), meaning "water spring", to denote their spa status, but this is not a general rule (e.g. Ciechocinek and Inowrocław are spa towns, but do not use

520-697: The headquarters of the construction of the western section of the BAM. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Ust-Kut serves as the administrative center of Ust-Kutsky District , to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division , the town of Ust-Kut, together with the selo of Turuka in Ust-Kutsky District, is incorporated within Ust-Kutsky Municipal District as Ust-Kutskoye Urban Settlement . Ust-Kut's economy relies mainly on its position as

546-502: The name "Kuta" coming from an Evenk word meaning "peat bog". The town is located in the Lena-Angara Plateau . It was founded in 1631 by Siberian Cossack ataman Ivan Galkin, who built an ostrog (fort) there. The fort's military importance declined in the latter half of the 17th century; however, the settlement was increasingly important as a river port, becoming one of the main starting points for trade along

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572-578: The plateau area. The plateau also includes highly developed karst forms such as the Botovskaya Cave . There are taiga forests made up mostly of larch , spruce and Siberian pine in the higher areas and larch in the river valleys. Ust-Kut Ust-Kut ( Russian : Усть-Кут ) is a town and the administrative center of Ust-Kutsky District in Irkutsk Oblast , Russia , located 961 kilometers (597 mi) from Irkutsk ,

598-476: The railway and an important railhead through which cargoes could travel to and from the locations along the Lena, such as most of Yakutia . Ust-Kut was granted town status in 1954, with the merger of the original settlement of Ust-Kut and the river port suburb of Osetrovo. Ust-Kut remained the end of the line until 1974, when construction work started to extend the railway, now known as the Baikal–Amur Mainline , east toward Lake Baikal and beyond. The town became

624-691: The remote locations of most of these towns made them expensive to visit and only small-scale spa facilities developed there. Helidon, a day trip from Brisbane by car, was more successful, particularly with growing owernship of cars after World War II . However, concerns about radioactivity and bacterial contamination resulted in the Helidon Spa falling into disuse by 1994. Many towns in Queensland continue to provide bathing facilities fed by hot springs, but these are promoted as relaxing holiday activities rather than as medical treatments. Brazil has

650-705: The word for a spa is баня (transliterated banya ). Harrison Hot Springs is one of the oldest among 18 in British Columbia; there are also two in Alberta and one in Ontario. In Croatia , the word Toplice implies a spa town. The most famous spa towns in Croatia are Daruvar , Šibenik and Sisak . In Czech , the word Lázně implies a spa town. The most famous spa towns in Czech Republic are

676-950: The words bains , thermes and eaux in city names often imply a spa town. There are more than 50 spa towns in France, including Vichy , Aix-les-Bains , Bagnoles-de-l'Orne , Dax , and Enghien-les-Bains . Borjomi is one such example in south Georgia. In Germany , the word Bad implies a spa town. Among the many famous spa towns in Germany are Bad Aachen , Baden-Baden , Bad Brückenau , Bad Ems , Bad Homburg , Bad Honnef , Bad Kissingen , Bad Kreuznach , Bad Mergentheim , Bad Muskau , Bad Oeynhausen , Bad Pyrmont , Bad Reichenhall , Bad Saarow , Bad Schandau , Bad Schönborn , Bad Segeberg , Bad Soden , Bad Tölz , Bad Wildbad , Bad Wimpfen , Bad Wildstein , Berchtesgaden , Binz , Freudenstadt , Heiligendamm , Heringsdorf , Kampen , Königstein , Radebeul , Schwangau , St. Blasien , Titisee , Tegernsee , Travemünde and Zingst . Wiesbaden

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