61-553: The Lennox River is the proposed name for a waterway located in Sydney's South-Western Suburbs . The existing waterway is the tidal reach of Prospect Creek, a tributary of the Georges River . A proposal has been made to upgrade and reclassify the waterway as a 'river'. The proposed river would be 6.5 kilometres (4 mi) long, starting at the confluence of Orphan School Creek and Prospect Creek at Fairfield and flowing to
122-496: A 1907 newspaper article about Ed Perry, vice-chairman of the Oklahoma state committee, the phrase was used as follows: "In regard to his political views Mr. Perry has issued the following terse platform: 'I am for a square deal, grass root representation, for keeping close to the people, against ring rule and for fair treatment. ' " A 1904 news article on a campaign for possible Theodore Roosevelt running mate Eli Torrance quotes
183-553: A Kansas political organizer as saying: "Roosevelt and Torrance clubs will be organized in every locality. We will begin at the grass roots". Since the early 1900s, grassroots movements have been widespread both in the United States and in other countries. Major examples include parts of the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Brazil's land equity movement of the 1970s and beyond,
244-546: A clear hierarchy are far less effective and are more likely to die off. Astroturfing refers to political action that is meant to appear to be grassroots, that is spontaneous and local, but in fact comes from an outside organization, such as a corporation or think tank. It is named after AstroTurf , a brand of artificial grass . An example of astroturfing was the ExxonMobil Corporation's push to disseminate false information about climate change. ExxonMobil
305-678: A figure of significance having worked on a number of bridge and infrastructure works including the 1833 Mitchell's Pass Crossing Bridge in Glenbrook ( Blue Mountains ), 1836 Liverpool Weir, 1839 Church Street Bridge in Parramatta and other projects in both Greater Western Sydney and also to the state of New South Wales . Lennox's finest structure however was the Lansdowne Bridge (which crosses this waterway), he designed and oversaw its construction between 1834 and 1836 and as
366-475: A large catchment basin, carrying water to another river, a lake or the sea', whereas a creek is only a 'natural watercourse that is usually a tributary and in some areas it may even peter out'. Historically the lower Prospect Creek was a large part of life for residents in the Fairfield local government area with numerous pleasure grounds and recreation spaces along the river including Latty's Pleasure Grounds,
427-510: A non-profit organization dedicated to creating and supporting grassroots movements in America says that grassroots movements aim to raise money, build organizations, raise awareness, build name recognition, to win campaigns and to deepen political participation. Grassroots movements work toward these and other goals via strategies focusing on local participation in either local or national politics. Grassroots organizations derive their power from
488-513: A number of different boundaries and definitions for Sydney's South-West with majority of definitions including the suburbs within City of Liverpool as well as surrounding areas. This can also include the Macarthur region which is often referred to as 'Outer South-West', particularly referring to the local government area of City of Campbelltown as well as Camden Council and occasionally also
549-542: A river being wide, deep and navigable by watercraft". Speaking with the Fairfield City Champion, community advocate Lachlan Hyde said "this is very much a thriving river system matching the legal definition of a river [as currently it] is very much [a creek] in name only with the waterway over 25 metres wide". Mr Hyde added that in New South Wales a river is defined as a 'major natural stream in
610-564: A testament to his engineering and craftsmanship the Hume Highway from Sydney to Melbourne still passes over the bridge today. The bridge also has the largest span of any masonry bridge in Australia and is considered one of the finest examples of colonial architecture in the nation. David Lennox today while forgotten by many is someone who was integral to the development of New South Wales through his position as Superintendent of Bridges,
671-504: A variety of strategies from fundraising and registering voters, to simply encouraging political conversation. Goals of specific movements vary and change, but the movements are consistent in their focus on increasing mass participation in politics. These political movements may begin as small and at the local level, but grassroots politics as Cornel West contends are necessary in shaping progressive politics as they bring public attention to regional political concerns. The idea of grassroots
SECTION 10
#1732787160205732-595: Is also a controversial example of astroturfing. Critics, notably including Former President Barack Obama and Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi , dismissed the Tea Party as Astroturf. They say that the movement purports to represent large swaths of America when in reality it comes from a select few billionaires seeking policies favorable to themselves. The Tea Party has defended itself, arguing that it comes out of broad popular support and widespread anger at
793-474: Is an organization dedicated to upholding and advancing the principles of the American dream through highly sophisticated grassroots field operations. With a clear mission to recruit, train, lead, and retain a workforce of passionate and committed patriots, the group is focused on creating a highly skilled army of conservative, cause-driven individuals capable of executing the most effective grassroots campaigns on
854-423: Is often conflated with participatory democracy . The Port Huron Statement , a manifesto seeking a more democratic society, says that to create a more equitable society, "the grass roots of American Society" need to be the basis of civil rights and economic reform movements. The terms can be distinguished in that grassroots often refers to a specific movement or organization, whereas participatory democracy refers to
915-650: Is one that uses the people in a given district, region or community as the basis for a political or continent movement. Grassroots movements and organizations use collective action from the local level to implement change at the local, regional, national, or international levels. Grassroots movements are associated with bottom-up, rather than top-down decision-making, and are sometimes considered more natural or spontaneous than more traditional power structures. Grassroots movements, using self-organization , encourage community members to contribute by taking responsibility and action for their community. Grassroots movements utilize
976-431: Is their blend of military-style leadership and AI-driven "overwatch" technology, which prevents fraud and enhances field performance, making their operations both efficient and reliable. The organization’s unique combination of advanced technology and disciplined management techniques places it at the forefront of grassroots political action, enabling them to play a key role in shaping the future of conservative movements in
1037-560: Is tidal up to the Liverpool Weir, and Lennox River connects below that point. South Western Sydney South Western Sydney is a region of the city of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It is situated in the south-west of the larger Sydney metropolitan area, and is part of the predominantly working class area of Greater Western Sydney . Geographically, the region lies in the Cumberland Plain . There are
1098-413: Is typically defined as "with many trees" or "among elm trees", the reference of trees within the name also complements the river parkland environment due to the many tall and shady trees providing greenery and canopy cover for South Western Sydney. What began as a grassroots by community advocate Lachlan Hyde, the campaign to upgrade and reclassify Prospect Creek 's tidal reach to 'river status' captured
1159-466: Is typically designed by outsiders who can only perceive a community’s need and so community needs are often only marginally addressed or not addressed at all. By contrast, bottom-up processing is defined as "observing or monitoring efforts defined and undertaken at the local scale and brought forward to higher-level bodies, often with a focus on supporting outcomes desired by a local community." Bottom-up processing has "local residents and [POC] co-facilitate
1220-631: Is used to organize is through the use of hashtags to group together postings from across the network under a unifying message. Some hashtags that stirred up larger media coverage include the #MeToo movement , started in 2017 in response to sexual assault allegations against prominent figures in the American entertainment industry. Grassroots movements also use hashtags to organize on a large scale on social media. Some examples include: The junior senator from Arizona and standard-bearer of conservative Republicans, Barry Goldwater announced his candidacy on January 3, 1964. Goldwater focused on goals such as reducing
1281-542: The Wollondilly Shire . In the broadest sense, South-Western Sydney can also include Fairfield City Council as it is south of Prospect Reservoir even though geographically the council is west of Sydney CBD and not south-west. Several institutions have 'South Western Sydney' in their title, including: This article related to the geography of Sydney is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Grassroots A grassroots movement
SECTION 20
#17327871602051342-503: The 1960s. Such discontent gained traction, particularly after Brazil became a democracy in 1985. The movement focused especially on occupying land that was considered unproductive, thus showing that it was seeking overall social benefit. In the 1990s the influence of the MST grew tremendously following two mass killings of protestors. Successful protests were those in which the families of those occupying properties receiving plots of land. Although
1403-541: The 1980s, the movement became far bigger. In 1981, 800 organizations pushed the government to reduce the military size. The push culminated in a protest by 300,000 people in the German capital Bonn. The movement was successful in producing a grassroots organization, the Coordination Committee, which directed the efforts of the peace movements in the following years. The committee ultimately failed to decrease
1464-620: The Butterfly Hall, and Hollywood Park. These venues were quite popular among 'leisure seekers" and tourists due to the area's rural feel and close proximately to the waterway, so popular in fact that the first games of Rugby League football in Australia, in early 1908, were trial games that took place in Lansvale , at Latty's Pleasure Grounds. From the 1970s to 1990s, a small amusement park named Magic Kingdom operated in Lansvale on
1525-540: The Chinese rural democracy movement of the 1980s and the German peace movement of the 1980s. A particular instantiation of grassroots politics in the American Civil Rights Movement was the 1951 case of William Van Til working on the integration of the Nashville Public Schools. Van Til worked to create a grassroots movement focused on discussing race relations at the local level. To that end, he founded
1586-519: The Democratic Party and disenchantment with the GOP. Defenders of the Tea Party cite polls that find substantial support, indicating that the movement has some basis in grassroots politics. Critics point to the corporate influence on the Tea Party, which they believe indicates that the movement is more top-down than the grassroots rhetoric would suggest. The Tea Party can be considered grassroots to
1647-548: The Georges River emptying into Dhurawal Bay at Garrison Point . The Lennox River would be named in honour of Scottish-Australian stonemason David Lennox who designed and oversaw the construction of the Lansdowne Bridge which crosses this waterway. The proposal to re-gazette this waterway was put forward by Community Advocate Lachlan Hyde to upgrade this waterway to river status. Local elected representatives including State Members of Parliament have given their support to
1708-894: The Lennox River, with the longest continuous walking path running the majority of the proposed river route. Starting at Cook Park in Canley Vale , before crossing the river into Carramar 's Carrawood Park the path continues to the Lansdowne Bridge and Hume Highway then passes through Shortland Brush and Flinders Slopes in Mirambeena Regional Park before finishing in Garrison Point Reserve at Georges Hall . The walkways and cycling paths are situated within an Australian bushland settings with many native trees such as eucalyptus found by
1769-591: The Liverpool Golf Course in Lansvale, Mirambeena Regional Park which comprises Shortland Brush and Flinders Slopes in Lansdowne, and Garrison Point Reserve in Georges Hall. Along the creek route are three bridge crossings: The proposed 'Lennox River' name is chosen in honour of Scottish-Australian stonemason David Lennox who was a colonial bridge designer, builder, and master stonemason and
1830-587: The Nashville Community Relations Conference, which brought together leaders from various communities in Nashville to discuss the possibility of integration. In response to his attempts to network with leadership in the black community, residents of Nashville responded with violence and scare tactics. However, Van Til was still able to bring blacks and whites together to discuss the potential for changing race relations, and he
1891-505: The Republican nomination. He sparked a grassroots movement among young conservatives by presenting himself as honest, committed and a genuine politician. The majority of his campaign donations were made by individual supporters; and only one-third of donations were greater than $ 500. The junior United States senator and former Representative from Vermont, Bernie Sanders, formally announced his 2016 presidential campaign on May 26, 2015, on
Lennox River - Misplaced Pages Continue
1952-422: The U.S. There is an ongoing debate as to whether a bottom-up or top-down approach is better suited to address the problems facing communities. Top-down processing involves large-scale programs or high-level frameworks, often driven by governmental or international action. Top-down processing is great for tracking large scale causal relationships in environmental systems and it has better funding. Top-down processing
2013-461: The banks of the creek and was a popular attraction for children, families, and thrill-seekers. Magic Kingdom had a number of rides and water activities including bungy jumping , mini-boats, water slides, picnic areas and barbecue facilities. By the mid-1990s Magic Kingdom was facing competition from other amusement parks such as Australia's Wonderland and subsequently closed with the attractions left to rot and rust before being sold to developers where
2074-474: The campaign to challenge the Democratic front-runner, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton , before ultimately losing. Sanders used his grassroots campaign to receive more than 7 million individual contributions averaging $ 27, effectively breaking Barack Obama's previous individual contribution record in 2008. In 2015 the refugee crisis became front-page news across the world. Affected by images of
2135-479: The electorate at large. Critics of Obama have argued that some of these methods are in fact astroturfing because they believe that Obama faked the grassroots support. For example, the Reason Foundation has accused Obama of planting astroturf supporters in town hall meetings. Many movements and organizations must be placed on a continuum between grassroots and astroturf instead of labeled entirely as one or
2196-556: The express purpose of bringing democracy to the local level of government. Reforms took the form of self-governing village committees that were elected in a competitive, democratic process. Xu Wang from Princeton University called the Congress mutually empowering for the state and the peasantry in that the state was given a renewed level of legitimacy by the democratic reforms and the peasantry was given far more political power. This manifested itself in increased voting rate, particularly for
2257-517: The extent that it comes from the people, but it is considered astroturfing to the extent that it is shaped by corporations and particularly wealthy individuals. The term "grassroots" is used by a number of sporting organizational bodies to reference the lowest, most elementary form of the game that anyone can play. Focusing on the grassroots of a sporting code can lead to greater participation numbers, greater support of professional teams/athletes and ultimately provide performance and financial benefits to
2318-580: The focus from moving problematic waste to changing the system that produced such waste. The movement is considered grassroots because it utilized strategies that derived their power from the affected communities. For example, in North Carolina, African American communities lay down in front of dump trucks to protest their environmental impact. The success of these movements largely remains to be seen. Grassroots movements use tactics that build power from local and community movements. Grassroots Campaigns,
2379-445: The foundation of reversing "obscene levels" of income and wealth inequality. Sanders stated that he would run an issue-oriented and positive campaign, focusing his efforts on getting corporate money out of politics, raising taxes on the wealthy, guaranteeing tuition-free higher education, incorporating a single-payer healthcare system, fighting against climate change and other key issues. Those inspired by Sanders were able to elevate
2440-442: The global stage. Founded on a deep sense of patriotism, Patriot Grassroots leverages cutting-edge technology to drive its operations. They specialize in a variety of campaign activities, including canvassing, signature gathering, calling and texting, and managing field teams. Additionally, they take on specialized relationship marketing projects for their clients, ensuring maximum outreach and impact. What sets Patriot Grassroots apart
2501-701: The grassroots efforts of the MST were successful in Brazil when they were tried by the South African Landless People's Movement (LPM) in 2001 they were not nearly as successful. Land occupations in South Africa were politically contentious and did not achieve the positive results seen by the MST. The National People's Congress was a grassroots democratic reform movement that came out of the existing Chinese government in 1987. It encouraged grassroots elections in villages all around China with
Lennox River - Misplaced Pages Continue
2562-619: The inhabitants there. Other volunteers journeyed to support refugees across the Balkans, Macedonia and the Greek islands. Grassroots aid filled voids and saved lives by plugging gaps in the system between governments and existing charities. The Axis of Justice (AofJ) is a not-for-profit group co-founded by Tom Morello and Serj Tankian. Its intended purpose is to promote social justice by connecting musicians and music enthusiasts to progressive grassroots ideals. The group appears at music festivals;
2623-436: The land has remained dormant ever since. Over time the creek has also slowly lost its shine as successive governments and communities turned their backs on the waterway, this coupled with industrialisation occurring upstream led to the declining water quality which is reflected in warnings today from authorities to avoid swimming in the catchment as it is not recommended. Today there are walkways and cycling paths that parallel
2684-488: The larger system of governance. The earliest origins of "grass roots" as a political metaphor are obscure. In the United States, an early use of the phrase "grassroots and boots" was thought to have been coined by Senator Albert Jeremiah Beveridge of Indiana , who said of the Progressive Party in 1912, "This party has come from the grass roots. It has grown from the soil of people's hard necessities". In
2745-476: The minds of both the community and local elected representatives with many publicly endorsing the plan including: In the NSW Parliament it was also noted by Mr Zangari that local residents have always referred to this stretch of water as a river with "many [people] surprised that this proposal had not been considered a long time ago [especially considering] Prospect Creek shares the same characteristics as
2806-556: The most prominent being Lollapalooza in 2003. The Axis of Justice most regularly appears whenever the bands System of a Down or Audioslave are performing. The group also has a podcast on XM Satellite radio and KPFK (90.7 FM), a Pacifica Radio station in Los Angeles, California. The AofJ's mission is to connect local music fans to organizations, local and global, aimed at effectively working on issues like peace, human rights and economic justice within communities. Patriot Grassroots
2867-453: The other. For example, Australia's Convoy of No Confidence, a movement seeking to force an early election in 2011, incorporated elements of grassroots infrastructure in its reliance on the anger and discontentment of the participants. It also had elements of astroturf, namely the large extent to which it relied on support from political elites in the opposition party. The Tea Party , a conservative force in American politics that began in 2009,
2928-462: The people. This focus manifested itself in the democratic institutions that focused on engaging the poor and in reform efforts that sought to make the government more responsive to the will of the people. Another instance of a historical grassroots movement was the 1980s German peace movement. The movement traces its roots to the 1950s movement opposing nuclear armament or the "Ban the Bomb" Movement. In
2989-512: The people; thus their strategies seek to engage ordinary people in political discourse to the greatest extent possible. Below is a list of strategies considered to be grassroots because of their focus on engaging the populace: Social media's prominence in political and social activism has skyrocketed in the last decade. Influencers on apps like Instagram and Twitter have all become hot spots for growing grassroots movements as platforms to inform, excite and organize. Another influential way media
3050-584: The plight of refugees arriving and travelling across Europe, the grassroots aid movement (otherwise known as the people-to-people or people solidarity movement), consisting of thousands of private individuals with no prior NGO experience, began in earnest to self-organise and form groups taking aid to areas of displaced persons. The first wave of early responders reached camps in Calais and Dunkirk in August 2015 and joined forces with existing local charities supporting
3111-419: The poor, and increased levels of political awareness according to Wang's research. One example of the increased accountability from the new institutions was a province in which villagers gave 99,000 suggestions to the local government. Ultimately, 78,000 of these were adopted indicating a high rate of governmental responsiveness. This movement is considered grassroots because it focuses on systematically empowering
SECTION 50
#17327871602053172-498: The proposal and have pushed the New South Wales Government in support of this matter. The catchment area of the proposed Lennox River is largely urbanised with residential land uses and open space for recreation. From its source at the confluence of Orphan School Creek and Prospect Creek at Fairfield , the tidal section of Prospect Creek (the proposed Lennox River) flows generally south by southeast, through
3233-416: The proposed Lennox River is said to be a fitting tribute acknowledging his links to Greater Western Sydney while also honouring his legacy. A living memorial through a thriving river system which is particularly notable given his gravestone was never marked and as such no public memorial exists for people to honour Lennox's achievements, life, and career. The name Lennox is also of Scottish Gaelic origin and
3294-1010: The size of the German military, but it laid the groundwork for protests of the Iraq war in the 2000s. Further, the movement started public dialogue about policy directed at peace and security. Like the Civil Rights Movement, the German Peace movement is considered grassroots because it focused on political change starting at the local level. Another example of grassroots in the 1980s was the Citizens Clearinghouse for Natural Waste, an organization that united communities and various grassroots groups in America in support of more environmentally friendly methods of dealing with natural waste. The movement focused especially on African American communities and other minorities. It sought to bring awareness to those communities and alter
3355-482: The size of the federal government, lowering taxes, promoting free enterprise and a strong commitment to U.S. global leadership and fighting communism, which appealed strongly to conservatives in the Republican Party. Despite vehement opposition from the leaders of his party's dominant moderate-liberal wing, such as New York governor Nelson Rockefeller and Michigan governor George Romney ; Goldwater secured
3416-801: The suburbs of Canley Vale , Carramar , and Lansvale in the Fairfield local government area , as well as Lansdowne , and Georges Hall in the Canterbury-Bankstown local government area . The creek then empties into the Georges River at Dhurawal Bay which forms part of the Chipping Norton Lakes Precinct . The creek winds through a number of parks and reserves, with the most prominent ones being, Parkes Reserve and Cook Park in Canley Vale, Waterside Crescent Reserve and Carrawood Park in Carramar, Lansvale Park and
3477-423: The trainings and workshops" -- this "empowers participants." Bottom-up approaches are often not impactful beyond local settings. Grassroots organizations take on a bottom-up approach as they often allow for direct community participation. Grassroots movements are usually criticized because the recent rise in social media has resulted in leaderless and horizontal movements. Some argue that social movements without
3538-408: The water's edge. Boating and fishing are now also popular along the creek with most forms of fishing permitted in the Lennox River subject to bag and size limit regulations. Similarly all vessels are permitted to travel along the Lennox River including jet-skies and boats although a limit of 8 knots is enforced by the relevant authorities. Bull sharks can be found in the waterway as the Georges River
3599-520: Was founded in the 1970s and has grown into an international organization. The MST focused on organizing young farmers and their children in fighting for a variety of rights, most notably the right to access land. The movement sought organic leaders and used strategies of direct action such as land occupations. It largely maintained autonomy from the Brazilian government. The MST traces its roots to discontent arising from large land inequalities in Brazil in
3660-402: Was largely successful both in disseminating the information through think tanks and in disguising the true nature of the think tanks. More controversial examples of astroturfing often exhibit some characteristics of a real grassroots organization, but also characteristics of astroturf. Many of President Obama's efforts, for example, have been deemed grassroots because of their focus on involving
3721-538: Was ultimately instrumental in integrating the Peabody College of Education in Nashville. Furthermore, the desegregation plan proposed by Van Til's Conference was implemented by Nashville schools in 1957. This movement is characterized as grassroots because it focused on changing a norm at the local level using local power. Van Til worked with local organizations to foster political dialogue and was ultimately successful. The Brazilian Landless Workers Movement (MST)
SECTION 60
#1732787160205#204795