Viennese German ( Bavarian : Weanarisch, Weanerisch , German : Wienerisch ) is the city dialect spoken in Vienna , the capital of Austria , and is counted among the Bavarian dialects. It is distinct from written Standard German in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Even in Lower Austria , the state surrounding the city, many of its expressions are not used, while farther to the west they are often not even understood.
36-455: Leopoldstadt ( German pronunciation: [ˈleːopɔldˌʃtad] ; Viennese : Leopoidstod ; "Leopold-Town") is the 2nd municipal district of Vienna ( German : 2. Bezirk ) in Austria. As of 1 January 2016, there are 103,233 inhabitants over 19.27 km (7 sq mi). It is situated in the heart of the city and, together with Brigittenau (20th district), forms
72-456: A kind of Standard German spoken with a typical Viennese accent (for example, the original Viennese Wos host’n fir a Notn gschriebn? becomes modern Was hast’n für eine Note gschriebn? ). The typical Viennese monophthongization, through which the dialect differentiates itself from the neighboring dialects, remains, but mostly in the form of a developing "Pseudo-Standard German" that many visitors, particularly from other German-speaking areas, feel
108-685: A large island surrounded by the Danube Canal and, to the north, the Danube . It is named after Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor . Due to its relatively high percentage of Jewish inhabitants before the Holocaust (38.5 percent in 1923), Leopoldstadt gained the nickname Mazzesinsel (' Matzo Island'). This context was a significant aspect for the district twinning with the New York City borough Brooklyn in 2007. Places of interest include
144-583: A single Viennese dialect, with its usage varying as one moves further away from the city. Besides the regional dialects of Old Vienna, there were also class-based dialects, or sociolects . For example, Schönbrunner Deutsch ( Schönbrunn German ), or German as spoken by the courtiers and attendants of the Habsburg Imperial Court at Schönbrunn Imperial Palace , was a manner of speech with an affected bored inflection combined with overenunciation. Though based on Standard German, this sociolect
180-560: Is influenced by Viennese. Features typical of Viennese German include: The following Viennese German characteristics are also found in other Bavarian dialects: There are not many grammatical differences from other Bavarian dialects, but the following are typical: The dialect is distinct mostly in its vocabulary. Vocabulary displays particular characteristics. Viennese retains many Middle High German and sometimes even Old High German roots. Furthermore, it integrated many expressions from other languages, particularly from other parts of
216-406: Is influenced by Viennese. The nasal tonality was akin to Standard German spoken with a French accent. While far less used today, educated Viennese are still familiar with this court sociolect. All in all, speaking Viennese masterly by intonating sentences with distinctive ups and downs creates a very warm, melodic sound. This is particularly true for the "Schönbrunn" variety of Standard German, which
252-658: Is no single regular cinema in the district area. Even the UCI opened in 1999, at the Mehrsälekino Lassallestraße, was already closed three years later because of poor attendance. The former cinemas, in the order of closure, are: This development is however an increasing demand for outdoor summer cinema , since the early 1990s, before the Vienna City Hall every summer, the Film Festival at
288-842: Is on, inter alia , the Theater in Leopoldstadt , the Carl-Theater , the Leopoldstädter Theater , the Prater, and the Jewish Ghetto. The Museum für Unterhaltungskunst covers the history of clowns, artists, and circuses; whereas the Museum des Blindenwesens in his exhibition shows the development of teaching and lessons for the blind and Braille . The Wiener Kriminalmuseum ("Vienna Crime Museum"), connected with
324-664: Is one of Vienna 's main railway stations , used by 35,000 people daily. It is located on the roundabout Praterstern in Leopoldstadt , in the north of the city. Vienna's two most recognisable structures, the Wiener Riesenrad ( Ferris wheel ) and the Stephansdom (cathedral), are both visible from the platforms. Underneath the station is the Praterstern U-Bahn station , which is on U1 and U2 of
360-406: Is ugly. For example: Waaaßt, wos mir heut in der Schule für än gråååsliches Fläääsch kriegt ham? (Standard German Weißt du, was für ein widerliches Fleisch wir heute in der Schule vorgesetzt bekamen? ) ("Do you know what disgusting meat we were served at school today?") The monophthongized diphthongs , like ei ~ äää or au ~ ååå , are particularly stressed and lengthened. The reason for
396-743: The Leopoldstädter Tempel , the Türkischer Tempel , the Polnische Schul , and the Pazmanitentempel , as well as yeshivas . None of the synagogues escaped the destruction during the Kristallnacht pogroms of November 1938 following the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany. A fragment of a Torah scroll was saved by Heschel Messias from one of the synagogues as it burned. The Jewish population
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#1732771756815432-690: The Wiener Prater (from Latin pratum "meadow"), former imperial hunting grounds to which the public was denied access until 1766. The area of the Prater closest to the city centre contains a large amusement park , known as the Volksprater ("People's Prater") or Wurstelprater (after the Harlequin -type figure of Hanswurst ), and at its entrance there is the giant Wiener Riesenrad Ferris wheel opened in 1897 which features prominently in
468-602: The A22 Donauufer Autobahn over the Reichsbrücke . Multiple tram lines service the district, including the terminal of the '1' tram in the Wiener Prater. The arms of the Leopoldstadt district, since the retirement of Brigittenau from the 2nd District, contains three parts, symbolizing the former independent communities: The Leopoldstadt Museum has a particular emphasis on the arts. The focus
504-557: The Austrian form of Standard German , as well as from other dialects spoken in Austria. At the beginning of the 20th century, one could differentiate between four Viennese dialects (named after the districts in which they were spoken): Favoritnerisch ( Favoriten , 10th District), Meidlingerisch , ( Meidling , 12th District), Ottakringerisch ( Ottakring , 16th District), and Floridsdorferisch ( Floridsdorf , 21st District). Today these labels are no longer applicable, and one speaks of
540-557: The European Football Championship , links Leopoldstadt with the northern edge of the city centre and runs south east over the Donaustadtbrücke . Praterstern railway station provides direct links to Vienna International Airport in the south and Floridsdorf to the north east, and inner city stations Wien Mitte and Wien Hauptbahnhof . The station sits amid a large roundabout, which connects to
576-529: The Vienna U-Bahn . The first station was built during the construction of the North railway . It was opened on 6 January 1838 as k.k. Nordbahnhof (Imperial and Royal North railway station) in the style in which the names of virtually all public works were rendered at the time. Due to rapidly rising passenger numbers, the station became too small very quickly and had to be rebuilt. Between 1858 and 1865,
612-593: The home of the "Waltz King" Johann Strauss the Younger in the Praterstraße. The Belvedere has also two branch offices in the 2nd District: Augarten Contemporary (contemporary art) and the neighboring Gustinus-Ambrosi Museum . The Augarten factory has regular exhibits of porcelain in the foyer of the Palais Augarten. In the great hall of the former Agricultural Products Exchange (Taborstraße 10),
648-533: The Jewish community ( Vienna Gesera , from Hebrew : גזרה , 'decree'), with the popular support of the local non-Jewish population. As a thanksgiving for the expulsion, the inhabitants renamed the area Leopoldstadt ('Leopold's city'), after the emperor. During the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , Jewish immigrants from eastern parts of the realm again flocked to Leopoldstadt, owing to
684-867: The Museum of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate, brings the visitor closer to the history of the judiciary and the police and of criminality from the late Middle Ages forward. Two major museums in Vienna have branch offices in Leopoldstadt. The Vienna Museum (formerly the Museum of the City of Vienna) operates the Prater Museum (next to the Ferris wheel) on the history of the Wurstelprater amusement park and also allows visits to
720-783: The Vienna City Hall Square takes place. In the 2nd District, there are currently four summer open-air cinemas: In Augarten (Obere Augartenstraße 1), the Austrian film archive established here and at the Metro Cinema (1st district) shows historical films and scientific research. In the year 2007, Brooklyn , New York City entered into a district partnership with the Viennese district of Leopoldstadt. Other sources 48°12′37″N 16°24′44″E / 48.21028°N 16.41222°E / 48.21028; 16.41222 Viennese German Viennese differs from
756-544: The area. There is also a miniature steam railway (" Liliputbahn ") which, on its track through the woodland parallel to the Hauptallee , passes Vienna's Ernst-Happel-Stadion . Another, smaller, park in Leopoldstadt is the topiary -type Augarten , which is the home of the Vienna Boys' Choir and of a porcelain manufactory ("Augarten-Porzellan"). Its distinguishing marks are two disused Flak towers built towards
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#1732771756815792-551: The convergence of the typical Viennese dialects is the attitude, strengthened by the media, that Urwienerisch (old Viennese) is associated with the lower classes. With the rising standard of living, the original Viennese can further converge, as it is considered a sign of low-class origins, while the unique Viennese words (such as Zwutschgerl ) (cf Zwetschge/Zwetsche/Pflaume depending on dialect ("plum")) however generally remain in use. Viennese dialects have always been influenced by foreign languages, particularly due to immigration. In
828-532: The end of the Second World War . For features of this versatile district not listed here, see the bottom-linked Leopoldstadt Category page. In 1625, Rabbi Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller became the rabbi of Vienna. At the time, the Jews of Vienna were scattered throughout the city, not having a central community. Heller obtained for the Jews the right to establish a central Jewish community in Leopoldstadt, which
864-426: The former Habsburg monarchy , as Vienna served as a melting pot for its constituent populations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Because transcription of Viennese has not been standardised, the rendering of pronunciation here is incomplete: In Viennese, the following pragmatics peculiarities are found quite often: In more recent times Viennese has moved closer to Standard German; it has developed into
900-673: The former Soviet Union, the Jewish population of Leopoldstadt was able to grow again. Today, many members of Vienna's Jewish community live there again, and there are a number of shops and restaurants selling kosher food. Several parts of the old residential areas have been gentrified , resulting in a gentle shift from Leopoldstadt's traditional, predominantly working class roots towards a somewhat wealthier population. The U1 metro line runs east to west through central Leopoldstadt, with stops at Nestroyplatz and Praterstern and Vorgartenstrasse . The U2 metro line, opened in May 2008 in time for
936-612: The introduction of the new timetable in December 2006. The new station offers 6,000 m of space for businesses and service enterprises. Platforms were raised to 55 cm above the track age to make boarding and disembarkation easier. A tactile orientation system is planned for blind people. The reconstruction started in 2004 and was completed in April 2008. No longer needed by the Austrian Federal Railways,
972-409: The movie The Third Man and which has become one of Vienna's landmarks. The Schweizerhaus (" Swiss Hut "), an establishment boasting a huge beer garden , sells the original Czech Budweiser draught beer . The owners claim that, back in the 1920s, the potato crisp was invented there. Nearby you can find the "Republic of Kugelmugel ", a micronation proclaimed in 1984 that became a landmark of
1008-524: The past 40 years immigrants mostly came from the former Yugoslavia, Turkey and most recently (East) Germany; but modern-day immigration has changed, which in turn has affected and created new varieties of modern-day Viennese. As an ongoing process, particularly in areas with a high percentage of first- and second-generation immigrants, new loanwords find their way into Viennese, and so do changes in pronunciation. Wien Praterstern railway station Wien Praterstern ( German for Vienna Praterstern )
1044-524: The proximity of the Nordbahnhof railway station , which was one of the main railway stations at which migrants from other parts of the empire arrived in Vienna. The high number of Jewish inhabitants led to the area being called Mazzesinsel ('Island of Matzo', referring to the unleavened bread eaten during Passover). Several important synagogues were located there, including the Schiff Shul ,
1080-673: The station building in the vicinity of Praterstern was built. Like all other stations in Vienna at this time, the Northern Station was planned to be an exhibition building. Several architects were assigned to planning the building, interior decorating was done by sculptors and fresco painters. The station was opened on 15 November 1865. In the days of Austria-Hungary , the station was one of the most significant stations in Europe and Vienna's primary railway stations, connecting Vienna with Brno , Prague and Warsaw . For many immigrants, it
1116-685: The team of Serapions Ensembles to Erwin Piplits and Ulrike Kaufmann with the assistance of the City Council until 1988, created the Odeon, a flexible theater space of considerable proportions. The Serapionsensemble, Neue Oper Wien , and other artists appear here. The name recalls the Odeon dance hall, which was located in the area of today's Odeongasse, behind the Agricultural Exchange. Opened in 1845 and destroyed by fire in 1848, it
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1152-485: Was already then a suburb of Vienna. He was instrumental in reorganizing the community, and he drew up its constitution. By the mid-17th century, part of the built-up area was the Jewish ghetto . At that time the area was called Im Werd , with the Jewish population living in an area called Unterer Werd . The hatred that Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor held for the Jews led to the forceful expulsion and destruction of
1188-470: Was increasingly isolated and terrorised and was finally deported and exterminated in concentration camps such as Auschwitz . The once thriving communal life was completely destroyed. Only a handful of survivors were able to hide until the end of the war, from an original population of several thousands. With the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 , and renewed immigration from Eastern Europe, especially
1224-615: Was renamed Wien Nord . In 1997, the Austrian Federal Railways started a nationwide renovation initiative, in the course of which it was decided to completely rebuild this station to a design by the architect Albert Wimmer , featuring a transparent roof for the station and its platforms and improved interchange with the U-Bahn , trams and buses. On platform level, the new station was completed in April 2007; prior to that it had been renamed to Wien Praterstern again with
1260-465: Was the door to Vienna. The train traffic to Germany and its seaports passed through the nearby Nordwestbahnhof (Northwest railway station), which was opened in 1872. During World War II , the station was severely damaged by bombs and subsequently fell into disuse; it was finally demolished in 1965. The new building was constructed directly at Praterstern for logistical reasons and was opened on 1 June 1959 as Bahnhof Praterstern . On 1 September 1975, it
1296-422: Was the largest dance hall in Vienna at that time, with room for several thousand persons. As a traditional theater district, Leopoldstadt had, in the middle of the 20th century, numerous cinemas. As a result of the spread of television in Austria from the late 1950s, cinemas began to close in the 1960s, by which the 2nd District was severely affected. By and by, Leopold townspeople cinemas were closed, and now there
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