157-658: The Backnang–Ludwigsburg railway is a line on the northern edge of the Stuttgart region in the German state of Baden-Württemberg , linking Backnang and Ludwigsburg . The Backnang–Bietigheim line was opened in 1879 as a branch of the Murr Valley Railway from Waiblingen to Hessenthal and left the current route at Beihingen-Heutingsheim (now part of Freiberg am Neckar ). The section between Beihingen-Heutingsheim and Bietigheim (now called Bietigheim-Bissingen )
314-405: A class BR 426 electric multiple unit. The additional service in the peaks used a class BR 110.3 with three Silberling carriages. On Sundays the places between Marbach and Backnang were served only by bus. Since 8 December 2012, S-Bahn line S 4 has served the whole route on weekdays until 8 pm at 30-minute intervals. After 8 pm and on weekends, it operates hourly. Since the electrification of
471-456: A flying junction . At about the same point, the tracks of the Rems line are rearranged to be paired by direction of operation, with S-Bahn trains running on the outer tracks and regional and long-distance trains running on the inner tracks. The line climbs about 60 metres on an S-bend on its way to Fellbach . Stuttgart Nürnberger Straße station is located at the change of curves, where the bend to
628-601: A derivation from a Gaulish *kondâti- "confluence". In AD 950, Duke Liudolf of Swabia , son of the current Holy Roman Emperor Otto I , decided to establish a stud farm for his cavalry during the Hungarian invasions of Europe on a widened area of the Nesenbach river valley 5 km (3.1 mi) south of the old Roman castrum. The land and title of Duke of Swabia remained in Liudolf's hands until his rebellion
785-680: A double-track line through the Rems valley and it crosses the Haldenbach river outside Endersbach station on a round-arched viaduct. A low point of 234 metres is reached at Beutelsbach. In Schorndorf, the Wieslauf Valley Railway branches off to Welzheim . The line crosses the Rems before Urbach and follows the course of the Rems until Essingen . In Schwäbisch Gmünd , the Hohenstaufen Railway branched off to Göppingen from 1911 to 1984. The line follows
942-462: A member of the Württemberg royal family. In the late 1970s, the municipal district of Stammheim was centre stage to one of the most controversial periods of German post-war history. Stammheim Prison , built from 1959 to 1963, came to be the place of incarceration for Ulrike Meinhof , Andreas Baader , Gudrun Ensslin , and Jan-Carl Raspe , members of a communist terrorist organization known as
1099-761: A move that earned him much scorn from his contemporaries. In the 150th year since his death (1955), the last remnant of the alma mater of Friedrich Schiller , the Karlsschule, was removed in favor of an expansion to the Bundesstraße 14 . Klett also dramatically expanded the public transportation of Stuttgart with the Stuttgart Stadtbahn and, in 1961, initiated a city partnership with the French city of Strasbourg as part of an attempt to mend Franco-German relations . It would be finalized in 1962 and
1256-733: A new suburb on the northeastern edge of the city around the Dominican monastery Hospitalkirche. In the 1457, the first Landtag of the Estates of Württemberg was established in Stuttgart and a similar institution was established in Leonberg . After the temporary partitions of the County of Württemberg by the Treaties of Nürtingen , Münsingen , and Esslingen, Stuttgart was once again declared
1413-588: A railway connection from Marbach to Bietigheim or Ludwigsburg. After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871 and the subsequent Unification of Germany , construction of the Backnang-Bietigheim line was sought by the national government for military-strategic reasons. In Bietigheim a connection had previously been planned north of the station, which would have meant that trains running in an east–west direction would have had to reverse in
1570-779: A region of 3,700 km (1,400 sq mi) containing a total of 2.76 million people as of December 2014. In addition, Stuttgart serves as a Mittelzentrum for Esslingen District cities Leinfelden-Echterdingen and Filderstadt as well as Ditzingen , Gerlingen , and Korntal-Münchingen in Ludwigsburg District. Stuttgart is also chief of the three centres Stuttgart Metropolitan Region , an area of 15,000 km (5,800 sq mi) containing 5.3 million persons. Stuttgart experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). Its summers are warm, with average highs around 25 °C (77 °F), while its winters are chilly, with daily means just above freezing. Annually,
1727-490: A result of skill shortages and the lack of profitability of the Württemberg Railways. An order of 25 August 1879 made available the necessary funds, which could also be used for a partial reconstruction of Ludwigsburg station. The only station on the line is at Favoritepark halt . The single track railway was opened on 15 October 1881 and the reconstruction of Ludwigsburg station was completed in 1883. Although
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#17328011303221884-587: A small workshop in Bad Cannstatt that would become Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft in 1887. As a result, it is considered to be the starting point of the worldwide automotive industry and is sometimes referred to as the 'cradle of the automobile', and today Mercedes-Benz and Porsche both have their headquarters in Stuttgart, as well as automotive parts giants Bosch and Mahle . The year prior, Robert Bosch opened his first "Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering" in Stuttgart. In 1907,
2041-577: A speech the Württemberg Minister of Transport, Karl von Varnbüler announced on 28 April 1865 that the Murr Valley Railway would be built from Waiblingen to Schwäbisch Hall with a branch from Backnang to Bietigheim. The Backnang–Bietigheim line came to have a high strategic importance as a through route. The plan was welcomed in many petitions from the communities on the route, but the town of Marbach in 1864 and 1865 called for
2198-647: A trip to West Germany to offer a spot for a West German astronaut in a Soviet space mission, visited Stuttgart 14 June 1989 and was the honored guest of a sumptuous reception held at the New Palace . Since the monumental happenings of the 1980s, Stuttgart has continued being an important centre of not just Europe, but also the world. In 1993, the World Horticultural Exposition , for which two new bridges were built, and World Athletics Championships of that year took place in Stuttgart in
2355-701: A workshop was built in Essingen. The line between Bad Cannstatt and Waiblingen was completely closed from 12 May to 9 June 2023 for work on the Waiblingen digital interlocking. It is planned to build two new stations in the Ostalb district. In 2016, it was decided to establish Aalen-West station between the Hofherrnweiler district and the western industrial estate. The station was originally scheduled to open in 2020. However, due to different opinions among
2512-709: Is an important financial center ; the Stuttgart Stock Exchange is the second largest in Germany (after Frankfurt ), and the Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW) is Germany's largest Landesbank . Stuttgart is also a major transport junction; it is among the most congested conurbations of Europe, and its airport is the sixth-busiest in Germany (2019). Stuttgart is a city with a high number of immigrants; according to Dorling Kindersley 's Eyewitness Travel Guide to Germany , "In
2669-730: Is considered part of the Riesbahn (Ries Railway). Between Waiblingen and Essingen , the Remsbahn runs parallel to the River Rems from which it gets its name. The Riesbahn is named after the Nördlinger Ries and continues to Donauwörth . The line's chainage is measured from Stuttgart Bad Cannstatt station . A short distance from the station, the four tracks of the line separate from the Fils Valley Railway at
2826-643: Is fully electrified and the western section from Stuttgart to Schorndorf is part of the Stuttgart S-Bahn . The line is also known as the Remsbahn (Rems Railway) or the Remstalbahn (Rems Valley Railway) and is the main line from Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt via Aalen to Nördlingen. Today the designation Remsbahn only refers to the section from Stuttgart to Aalen, while the Aalen–Nördlingen section
2983-490: Is known as the " cradle of the automobile ". As such, it is home to famous automobile museums like the Mercedes-Benz Museum and Porsche Museum , as well as numerous auto-enthusiast magazines, which contributes to Stuttgart's status as Germany's " Autohauptstadt " ("car capital city"/"capital of cars"). The city's tourism slogan is "Stuttgart offers more". Under current plans to improve transport links to
3140-731: Is of considerable importance for freight transport as a link between the Kornwestheim marshalling yard ( Kornwestheimer Rangierbahnhof ) and Nuremberg . The line starts in the heights above the Murr at Backnang station. While the Murr Railway runs to the southwest and, after separating from the Little Murr line to Ludwigsburg under the B 14 highway , leaves the Murr valley, swinging south towards Waiblingen. The Little Murr line follows
3297-571: Is still active today. Klett's Stuttgart saw two major media events: the same year the partnership with Strasbourg was finalized, then French president Charles de Gaulle visited the city and Ludwigsburg Palace in the ending moments of his state visit to Germany, and Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom visited the city 24 May 1965. On 25 April 1952, the other two parts of the former German states of Baden and Württemberg , South Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged and formed
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#17328011303223454-576: Is supplemented by the IRE 1 Interregio-Express service, which runs every two hours between Karlsruhe and Aalen, with intermediate stops in Schorndorf and Schwäbisch Gmünd. Between Aalen and Donauwörth, regional trains on line RB 89 run every hour from Monday to Friday. Until the 2022/2023 timetable change, operations were operated by DB Regio Bayern as part of the E-Netz Augsburg under
3611-730: The Augsburg Interim by the Duke in 1548. Duke Ulrich himself died two years later, and was succeeded by his son, Christoph . He had grown up in a Württemberg in turmoil, and wished to rebuild its image. To this end, he once again began a construction boom all over the Duchy under the direction of Court Architect Aberlin Tretsch; knowing full well that the time of the Reisekönigtum was over, Christoph and Tretsch rebuilt and remodeled
3768-783: The Birkenkopf (511 m (1,677 ft)) on the edge of the Stuttgart basin , the Württemberg (411 m (1,348 ft)) rising above the Neckar valley, and the Grüner Heiner (395 m (1,296 ft)) at the northeast end of the city. Stuttgart is one of 14 regional centers in Baden-Württemberg and is naturally the primary centre of the Stuttgart Region , making it the administrative centre for
3925-652: The FIFA World Cup as it had in 1974. Stuttgart still experienced some growing pains even long after its recovery from the Second World War. In 2010, the inner city become the focal point of the protests against the controversial Stuttgart 21 . Since shortly after the end of World War II, there has been a US military presence in Stuttgart. At the height of the Cold War over 45,000 Americans were stationed across over 40 installations in and around
4082-462: The Free imperial city of Esslingen by ordering his Vogt, Konrad IV von Weinberg, to declare war on Eberhard I. Eberhard I, defeated on the battlefield, lost Stuttgart and his castle (razed in 1311) to Esslingen and the city was thus managed by the city state from 1312 to 1315. Total destruction of the county was prevented by Henry VII's death on 24 August 1313 and the elections of Louis IV as King of
4239-806: The German state of Baden-Württemberg . It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the Stuttgarter Kessel (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest . Stuttgart has a population of 632,865 as of 2022, making it the sixth largest city in Germany , while over 2.8 million people live in the city's administrative region and nearly 5.5 million people in its metropolitan area , making it
4396-792: The International Socialist Congress was held in Stuttgart was attended by about 60,000 people. In 1912, VfB Stuttgart was founded. Two years later, the current iteration of the Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof was completed according to plan by Paul Bonatz from 1914 to 1927. During World War I , the city was a target of air raids. In 1915, 29 bombs struck the city and the nearby Rotebühlkaserne, killing four soldiers and injuring another 43, and likewise killing four civilians. The next major air raid on Stuttgart occurred 15 September 1918, when structural damage caused house collapses that killed eleven people. At
4553-601: The Red Army Faction , during their trial at the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart in 1975. Several attempts were made by the organization to free the terrorists during the " German Autumn " of 1977 that culminated in such events as the kidnap and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181 . When it became clear, after many attempts to free the inmates including
4710-750: The Rems Railway in 1863 and the Kocher Railway to Crailsheim in 1867, which was connected to the Bavarian railways in 1875. To improve links through the area spanned by the square of lines that had been opened, a line was proposed from Waiblingen on the Rems Railway to Schwäbisch Hall on the Kocher Railway. Together with the Gäu Railway , this would create a northeast–southwest line through Württemberg, running through Stuttgart. In
4867-643: The Shoah . An early concept of the Marshall Plan aimed at supporting reconstruction and economic/political recovery across Europe was presented during a speech 6 September 1946 given by US Secretary of State James F. Byrnes at the Stuttgart Opera House . His speech led to the unification of the British and American occupation zones, resulting in the 'bi-zone' (later the 'tri-zone' when
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5024-522: The Stuttgart–Ulm railway at Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt station and runs via Aalen to Nördlingen , where it merges with the Augsburg–Nördlingen railway . Between Bad Cannstatt and Goldshöfe , the line is part of the long-distance inter-regional connection between Stuttgart and Nuremberg . The line has two tracks from Bad Cannstatt to Goldshöfe and the remaining section is single track. The line
5181-732: The Thirty Years' War and devastating air raids by the Allies on the city and its automobile production during World War II . However, by 1952, the city had bounced back and became the major cultural, economic, industrial, financial, tourism and publishing centre it is today. Stuttgart is known for its strong high-tech industry, especially in the automotive sector . It has the highest general standard of prosperity of any German city. In addition to many medium-sized companies , several major corporations are headquartered in Stuttgart, including Porsche , Bosch , and Mercedes-Benz Group . Stuttgart
5338-889: The University of Music and Performing Arts later, in 1857. Stuttgart had a role to play during the revolution of 1848/1849 as well. When internal divisions of the Frankfurt Parliament began the demise of that congress, the majority of the Frankfurt Congress voted to move to Stuttgart to flee the reach of the Prussian and Austrian armies in Frankfurt and Mainz . Even though the Congress may have had contacts with revolutionaries in Baden and Württemberg ,
5495-569: The Volkswagen Beetle were manufactured in Stuttgart, according to designs by Ferdinand Porsche , by a design team including Erwin Komenda and Karl Rabe . The Hotel Silber (English: Silver ), previously occupied by other forms of political police , was occupied by the Gestapo in 1933 to detain and torture political dissidents. The hotel was used for the transit of Nazi prisoners of conscience including Eugen Bolz , Kurt Schumacher , and Lilo Herrmann to concentration camps . The nearby court at Archive Street ( German : Archivstraße ) 12A
5652-411: The Year Without Summer and following famine, introduced the first Cannstatter Volksfest to celebrate the year's bountiful harvest. Hohenheim University was founded in 1818, and two years later the Württemberg Mausoleum as completed on the hill where Wirtemberg Castle once stood. From the outset of the 19th century, Stuttgart's development was once again impeded by its location (population of
5809-419: The fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany . The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 4 European metropolitan areas by GDP ; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living ; innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities in its Innovation Cities Index; and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked
5966-481: The 100,000 inhabitant mark. This number doubled, due to the incorporation of local towns, to approximately 185,000 in 1901 and then 200,000 in 1904. In 1871, Württemberg joined the German Empire created by Otto von Bismarck , Prime Minister of Prussia , during the Unification of Germany , as an autonomous kingdom. Stuttgart is purported to be the location of the automobile's invention by Karl Benz and then industrialized by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in
6123-407: The 335 m long Neckar Viaduct over a loop of the Neckar it reaches Benningen . From Freiberg the line is now double-track. The line passes through Favoritepark and crosses the B 27 highway to reach Ludwigsburg station . The line runs over a flying junction over the tracks of the Stuttgart–Bietigheim-Bissingen line and ends at Ludwigsburg's S-Bahn platforms. The now abandoned northern route of
6280-511: The Backnang–Bietigheim line on 8 December 1879. The rebuilding of Bietigheim station made it the second largest in Württemberg. The Murr Valley Railway was completed on 5 May 1880, so this new east–west axis was open before the completion of the Kraichgau Railway on 7 August 1880. The construction of the Beihingen–Heutingsheim–Ludwigsburg branch line was authorised in 1870, but construction was delayed first due to Württemberg's difficult financial situation, increasing wages for construction workers as
6437-429: The Bottwar Valley to Ludwigsburg and Stuttgart. Construction of the Murr Valley Railway from Hall to Backnang with the two branches to Waiblingen and to Bietigheim were authorised under an order of 22 March 1873. A few months later, on 29 December 1873, the Württemberg and Baden governments signed an agreement for the construction of the Kraichgau Railway to Heilbronn. An order of 19 June 1874 released funds that enabled
Backnang–Ludwigsburg railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
6594-419: The Cold War developed US Army VII Corps was re-formed in July 1950 and assigned to Hellenen Kaserne (renamed Kelley Barracks in 1951) where the headquarters was to remain throughout the Cold War. In 1990 VII Corps was deployed directly from Germany to Saudi Arabia for Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm to include many of the VII Corps troops stationed in and around Stuttgart. After returning from
6751-400: The Congress, not popular with the content citizens of Stuttgart, were driven out by the King's army. Stuttgart's literary tradition also bore yet more fruits, being the home of such writers of national importance as Wilhelm Hauff , Ludwig Uhland , Gustav Schwab , and Eduard Mörike . From 1841 to 1846, the Jubiläumssäule was erected on the Schlossplatz before the New Palace according to
6908-469: The French forces coordinated with the US Seventh Army and VI Corps heavy artillery, who began a barrage of the city. The French 5th Armored Division then captured Stuttgart on 21 April 1945, encountering little resistance. The city fared poorly under their direction; French troops forcefully quartered their troops in what housing remained in the city, rapes were frequent (there were at least 1,389 recorded incidents of rape of civilians by French soldiers), and
7065-447: The French reluctantly agreed to cede their occupied territory to the new state). In 1948, the city applied to become the capital of the soon to-be Federal Republic of Germany , and was a serious contender against Frankfurt , Kassel , and Bonn . All these cities were examined by the Parlamentarischer Rat , but ultimately Bonn won the bid when the Republic was founded on 23 May 1949. The city's bid for capital failed primarily because of
7222-418: The Germans and Frederick III as anti-king. Eberhard seized the opportunity granted to him by the political chaos, and recaptured his hometown and birthplace in 1316, and made much territorial gain. With peace restored at last, Eberhard began repairs and expansion to Stuttgart beginning with the reconstruction of Wirtemberg Castle , ancestral home to the House of Württemberg, in 1317 and then began expansion of
7379-400: The Karlsschule to prevent the spreading of revolutionary ideas. Stuttgart was proclaimed capital once more when Württemberg became an electorate in 1803, and was yet again named as capital when the Kingdom of Württemberg was formed in 1805 by the Peace of Pressburg . King Frederick I 's Württemberg was given high status in the Confederation of the Rhine among the College of Kings, and
7536-452: The Killesburg park and Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion respectively, bringing millions of new visitors to the city. At the 1993 WCA, British athlete Sally Gunnell and the United States Relay team both set world records . In 2003, Stuttgart applied for the 2012 Summer Olympics but failed in their bid when the German Committee for the Olympics decided on Leipzig to host the Olympics in Germany. Three years later, in 2006, Stuttgart once again hosted
7693-412: The Kornwestheim–Untertürkheim line), to relieve Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof of freight traffic. At the end of World War II , the German military blew up the viaduct over the Haldenbach west of Endersbach station and the bridge over the Kocher west of Aalen, so that the intervening places were only accessible via the Hohenstaufen Railway from Schwäbisch Gmünd to Göppingen on the Fils Railway. Pioneers of
7850-415: The League's conquest of Württemberg. Württemberg was then sold by the League to Emperor Charles V , who then granted it to his brother, Ferdinand I , thus beginning the 12 year ownership of the county by the Habsburgs . When the peasants Ulrich had crushed before rose once again in the German Peasants' War , Stuttgart was occupied by the peasant armies for a few days in the Spring of 1525. Ulrich, with
8007-418: The Little Murr railway ran from Freiberg further to the west. The A 81 autobahn now crosses over the line on a bridge and near Bietigheimer Wilhelmshof and the line runs for 4 km through deposits of glacial debris in cuttings up to 13 m deep. These cuttings were at the time of its construction the deepest of their kind in Württemberg . After crossing the line from Stuttgart, the Little Murr line ended on
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#17328011303228164-419: The Ludwigsburg line was opened later, its role grew significantly in the following years: in 1894, the opening of the Bottwar Valley Railway ( Bottwartalbahn ) produced passenger traffic from the Bottwar Valley to Stuttgart and in 1918 the opening of the marshalling yard in Kornwestheim meant that freight traffic ran on the Franconia –Hessental–Backnang–Kornwestheim route. After Deutsche Reichsbahn took over
8321-440: The Middle East, the bulk of VII Corps units were reassigned to the United States or deactivated. The VII Corps Headquarters returned to Germany for a short period to close out operations and was deactivated later in the United States. The withdrawal of VII Corps caused a large reduction in the US military presence in the city and region and led to the closure of the majority of US installations in and around Stuttgart which resulted in
8478-400: The Old Castle into a Renaissance palace, and from 1542 to 1544, what is today the Schillerplatz was built as a town square. Duke Christoph also responded to the increasing made for drinking water by embarking upon a massive hydraulic engineering project in the form of a 2,810 ft (860 m) tunnel to Pffaf Lake, the Glems , and the Nesenbach from 1566 to 1575. In 1575, Georg Beer
8635-451: The RE lines. Since Go-Ahead took over operations on 9 June 2019, Stadler FLIRT multiple units have been used. Siemens Mireo electric multiple units are operated by Go-Ahead Bayern between Aalen and Donauwörth. One InterCity service, IC 61 runs at two-hour intervals on the Karlsruhe –Nuremberg route, stopping in Stuttgart, Schwäbisch Gmünd and Aaalen. One pair of trains, extending to and from Leipzig , also stops in Schorndorf at
8792-465: The Rems line, continuing to Nördlingen and Donauwörth to Munich . This route was chosen for touristic reasons despite the longer travel time. The route, however, had low patronage and lacked compatibility with the reinstated InterCity system. The electrification of the line from Goldshöfe via Crailsheim to Nuremberg in 1985 allowed trains on the Rems line to Nuremberg, which had previously been hauled by diesel locomotives, to be electrically hauled. In
8949-491: The Rems valley would be considerably lower as it would share part of the Stuttgart–Ulm route. In the subsequent discussions, the requests of the cities of Waiblingen and Schorndorf for a rail connection, the smaller climbs, which would allow easier operations and the shorter route between Stuttgart and Aalen contributed to the decision to select the first variant. Thus, on 25 July 1861 the line opened from Cannstatt via Waiblingen, Schorndorf, Gmünd and Aalen to Wasseralfingen. This
9106-462: The Romans , entered the city in 1634 and, two years later in 1636, once again attempted to re-Catholicize Württemberg. The next year, the Bubonic plague struck and devastated the population. The Duke returned in 1638 to a realm somewhat partitioned to Catholic factions in the region, and entirely ravaged by the war. In the Duchy itself, battle, famine , plague and war reduced the Duchy's population of 350,000 in 1618 to 120,000 in 1648 – about 57% of
9263-446: The S-Bahn S4 opened between Marbach and Stuttgart-Schwabstraße . The original 20-minute interval service was increased to a 15-minute interval service in 1996. The S-Bahn service uses class 420 electric multiple units. Until 8 December 2008, services on the eastern section Regionalbahn ran from Marbach to Backnang during peak hours at 30-minute interval and hourly at other times. On Saturdays Regionalbahn trains ran hourly. These used
9420-519: The S-Bahn line on 27 September 1980. Since then, line S4 services have operated between Ludwigsburg and Marbach . Extensive construction work was required ahead of the introduction of regular-interval timetables. The Neckar Viaduct at Marbach was replaced by a modern bridge, part of the Benningen–Favoritepark section was duplicated, a flying junction was built in Ludwigsburg and the section was electrified. Passenger services between Marbach and Backnang continued to be operated with diesel-hauled trains. With
9577-460: The Stuttgart we know today in c. 1220 . In 1251, the city passed to the Ulrich I von Württemberg as part of Mechthild von Baden's dowry . His son, Eberhard I "the Illustrious", would be the first to begin the many major expansions of Stuttgart under the House of Württemberg. Eberhard desired to expand the realm his father had built through military action with the aid of the anti-king Henry Raspe IV , Landgrave of Thuringia , but
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#17328011303229734-436: The Stuttgart– Dresden and Stuttgart– Prague routes. The trains in the opposite direction ran alternatively via Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental . The line was renovated in 2009 and, among other things, around 68 kilometres of track and 47 sets of points were renewed. The platforms at the Westhausen, Lauchheim, Aufhausen, Bopfingen and Pflaumloch stations were also rebuilt to provide accessibility . From 24 April to 15 October 2009,
9891-480: The U.S. Army built a temporary bridge in Endersbach, so that in August 1945 the line was accessible again. Traffic was also restored over the Kocher in Aalen during the summer of 1945. The Rems Railway was electrified, starting from Stuttgart, to Waiblingen in 1949, to Schorndorf in 1962, to Aalen in 1971 and in 1972 on the Ries Railway from Aalen to Nördlingen and Donauwörth . The line was electrified as an alternative route for traffic between Stuttgart and Munich to
10048-412: The area. Since the seventh millennium BC, the Stuttgart area has been an important agricultural area and has been host to a number of cultures seeking to utilize the rich soil of the Neckar valley . The Roman Empire conquered the area in AD 83 and built a massive castrum near Bad Cannstatt , making it the most important regional centre for several centuries. Stuttgart's roots were truly laid in
10205-504: The attack on the city was to be conducted by the US Seventh Army's 100th Infantry Division , French leader Charles de Gaulle found this to be unacceptable, as he felt the capture of the region by Free French forces would increase French influence in post-war decisions. Independently, he directed General de Lattre to order the French 5th Armored Division , 2nd Moroccan Infantry Division and 3rd Algerian Infantry Division to begin their drive to Stuttgart on 18 April 1945. Two days later,
10362-436: The bridge over the Reichsautobahn (now the A 81 autobahn ). The Neckar Viaduct at Marbach was repaired and reopened in 1947. Deutsche Bundesbahn occasionally considered the reconstruction of the Freiberg–Bietigheim line, but decided against it because of low traffic forecasts, caused particularly by the shift of the primary traffic flow from east–west to north–south. After the route had previously been partially dismantled, it
10519-405: The capital of the county in 1483. In 1488, Stuttgart officially became the de facto residence of the Count himself as opposed to the location of his home, the Old Castle. Eberhard I , then Count Eberhard V, became the first Duke of Württemberg in 1495, and made Stuttgart the seat of the Duchy of Württemberg in addition to the County thereof. All this would be lost to the Württembergs during
10676-427: The catastrophic defeat of the Protestant Heilbronn League by the Habsburgs at Nörlingen in 1634, Duke Eberhard III and his court fled in exile to Strasbourg , abandoning the Duchy to looting by pro- Habsburg forces. The Habsburgs once again had full reign of the city for another four years, and in that time Stuttgart had to carry the burden of billeting the pro-Habsburg armies in Swabia . Ferdinand III , King of
10833-451: The central T sound. Originally, the most important location in the Neckar river valley was the hilly rim of the Stuttgart basin at what is today Bad Cannstatt . Thus, the first settlement of Stuttgart was a massive Roman Castra stativa ( Cannstatt Castrum ) built c. 90 AD to protect the Villas and vineyards blanketing the landscape and the road from Mogontiacum (Mainz) to Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg). Cannstatt
10990-438: The centre of Swabia and the local dialect spoken by the native Swabians , has its etymological roots in the Old High German word Stuotgarten , or " stud farm ", because the city was founded in 950 AD by Duke Liudolf of Swabia to breed warhorses. In the local dialects of Alemannic German it can be " Schtuegert ", and in Swabian German " Stuagart "; with similar variant spellings, usually dropping
11147-467: The challenge of building the line over the Swabian Alb up the Geislinger Steige . The Fils Railway was opened in 1850. But after the first phase of the network of the Royal Württemberg State Railways was completed, the construction of a railway line to the east of the country was soon back on the agenda. The main objectives put forward for the project, originally called the Nordostbahn (“Northeast Railway") were: The architect responsible for planning
11304-404: The city as a Beta -status global city in their 2020 survey. Stuttgart was one of the host cities for the official tournaments of the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cups . Stuttgart is unusual in the scheme of German cities. It is spread across a variety of hills (some of them covered in vineyards ), valleys (especially around the Neckar river and the Stuttgart basin ) and parks . The city
11461-652: The city at the time was around 50,000), but the city began to experience the beginning of economic revival with the opening of the Main Station in 1846. Prior to then, the signs of rebirth in Stuttgart were evidenced by the construction of such buildings of Rosenstein Castle in 1822–1830, the Wilhelmspalais 1834–1840, and the foundations of the Staatsgalerie in 1843, University of Stuttgart in 1829,
11618-464: The city of Stuttgart, every third inhabitant is a foreigner." 40% of Stuttgart's residents, and 64% of the population below the age of five, are of immigrant background. In the rest of Germany, 28.7% of people are of immigrant background, with a relatively higher percentage living in cities and former western Germany (such as Stuttgart). Stuttgart, often nicknamed the " Schwabenmetropole " (English: Swabian metropolis ) in reference to its location in
11775-514: The city receives average 718.7 mm (28.30 in) of rain. On average, Stuttgart enjoys 1,807 hours of sunshine per year and an average annual temperature of 9 °C (48 °F). Typically during summer months, the nearby hills, Swabian Alb mountains, the Black Forest , Schurwald , and the Swabian-Franconian Forest act as shields from harsh weather, nevertheless the city can be subject to thunderstorms, whereas in
11932-636: The city were suicidal, substantial damage to the city's industrial capacity still occurred, such as the 25 August bombing of the Daimler AG plant in 1940 that killed five people. With the war increasingly turning against the Third Reich, more and more troops were pulled from the defence of the city in 1943 to fight on the Eastern Front . In 1944, the city centre was entirely in ruins due to Allied bombing raids that could now more easily attack
12089-473: The city's defenses. The early 1320s were important years for Stuttgart: Eberhard I moved the seat of the county to the city to a new and expanded castle , the collegiate church in Beutelsbach , where previous members of the Württemberg dynasty had been buried prior to its destruction in 1311, moved to its current location in Stuttgart in 1320, and the town's Stiftkirche was expanded into an abbey, and
12246-472: The city's royal past. These include: Other landmarks in and around Stuttgart include ( see also museums below ): At the center of Stuttgart lies a series of gardens which are popular with families and cyclists. Because of its shape on a map, the locals refer to it as the Green U . The Green U starts with the old Schlossgarten, castle gardens first mentioned in records in 1350. The modern park stretches down to
12403-598: The city's surviving populace were poorly rationed. The circumstances of what later became known as "The Stuttgart Crisis" provoked political repercussions that reached even the White House . President Harry S. Truman was unable to get De Gaulle to withdraw troops from Stuttgart until after the final boundaries of the zones of occupation were established. The French army remained in the city until they finally relented to American demands on 8 July 1945 and withdrew. Stuttgart then became capital of Württemberg-Baden , one of
12560-564: The city. Economic migrants , called " Gastarbeiter ", from Italy, and later Greece and Turkey but primarily from Yugoslavia , came flocking to Stuttgart because of the economic wonder called the " Wirtschaftswunder " unfolding in West Germany . These factors saw the city reach its (then) peak population of 640,000 in 1962. In May 1965 Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Stuttgart and nearby Marbach and Schwäbisch Hall . Her great-grandfather Duke Francis (1837–1900) had been
12717-769: The city. Today about 10,000 Americans are stationed on 5 installations (Patch Barracks, Panzer Kaserne, Kelley Barracks, Robinson Barracks, and Stuttgart Army Airfield) representing all branches of service within the Department of Defense , unlike the mostly Army presence of the Occupation and Cold War. In March 1946 the US Army established a unit of the US Constabulary and a headquarters at Kurmärker Kaserne (later renamed Patch Barracks ) in Stuttgart. These units of soldiers retrained in patrol and policing provided
12874-494: The city. The heaviest raid took place on 12 September 1944, when the Royal Air Force , dropping over 184,000 bombs – including 75 blockbusters – levelled Stuttgart's city centre, killing 957 people in the resulting firestorm . In totality, Stuttgart was subjected to 53 bombing raids, resulting in the destruction of 57.7% of all buildings in the city, the deaths of 4,477 inhabitants, the disappearance of 85 citizens, and
13031-758: The construction of the Backnang–Bietigheim line to begin. Construction camps were established in Backnang, Marbach and Bietigheim and a construction headquarters was established in Marbach. The entire route was built as a single-track main line, but the line was prepared for eventual duplication. During the construction of the line there were some significant problems: cuttings of up to 13 m deep—the deepest in Württemberg—were needed through glacial moraine between Beihingen-Heutingsheim and Bietigheim. The moraine
13188-618: The control of the Martinskirche by the Bishopric of Constance was broken by Papal order in 1321. A year after the city became the principal seat of the Counts of Württemberg in 1320, the city was granted status as a city and given civic rights. At the end of the 14th century, new suburbs sprang up around Leonhard Church and near the city's fortifications as well. Towards the end of the 15th century, Count Ulrich V began construction of
13345-525: The course of the Rems to Essingen. While the Rems flows into the main valley from the south, the Remsbahn follows the main valley to the east, which runs over a watershed near Essingen into the Kocher valley. A tunnel was originally planned for this watershed, but a slightly longer route with a curve and a cutting was built. Over the course of this valley, a predominantly straight line could be built without major artificial structures. After Aalen Hauptbahnhof ,
13502-413: The early 1960s, passenger trains were hauled by steam locomotives of class 75.0 ( Württemberg T 5 ) and 93.5 ( Prussian T 14.1 ). After the phasing out of these locomotives they were replaced by Einheitsdampflokomotive ("standard steam locomotives") of class 64 and 86 based in Stuttgart until the mid-1960s. These were replaced by class 212 diesel locomotives based at Kornwestheim. In September 1980,
13659-489: The early 1980s, Deutsche Bundesbahn introduced approximately hourly expresses on the line. For the summer 1988 timetable, modernised vehicles were introduced running hourly all day. These trains ran from the summer 1989 timetable under the generic name of RegionalSchnellBahn ("regional fast rail"). In 1996, the interval between Stuttgart S-Bahn services was reduced in the peak period from 20 minutes to 15 minutes. Before its introduction, Deutsche Bundesbahn had suggested that
13816-747: The east–west route: for example, in the summer 1914 timetable an express train ( D-Zug , a fast and luxurious express using carriages with compartments and having a corridor) ran from Cheb (then a largely German speaking city called Eger) to Bietigheim with some of its coaches running from Nuremberg to Paris and a fast train ( S-Zug , slower and less luxurious than a D-Zug and using carriages with compartments but having no corridor) from Hof to Bietigheim, with through coaches from Nuremberg to Luxembourg and Trier . These trains use this line to bypass Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof . From 1931, an express service ran for two years on this line between Nuremberg and Strasbourg with through coaches from Prague to Paris. Until
13973-515: The end of the Cold War as they are host to United States Department of Defense Unified Commands and supporting activities. The core area of Stuttgart lies in a fertile bowl-shaped valley about 900 ft (270 m) above sea level , an hour from the Black Forest and Swabian Jura on the banks of the Neckar river at 48°47′N 9°11′E / 48.783°N 9.183°E / 48.783; 9.183 115 mi (185 km) to
14130-661: The end of the First World War, November revolutionaries stormed the Wilhelmpalais on 30 November 1918 to force King Wilhelm II to abdicate, but failed halfway. Under pressure from the revolutionaries, Wilhelm II refused the crown, but also refused to abdicate the throne. When he did eventually abdicate, the Free State of Württemberg was established as a part of the Weimar Republic , and Stuttgart
14287-616: The entire male Jewish population of Stuttgart, to the police-run prison camp at Welzheim or directly to Dachau . Other Jews from around Württemberg were brought to Stuttgart and housed in the ghetto on the former Trade Fair grounds in Killesberg . As the Memorial at Stuttgart North records, between 1941 (the first train arrived 1 December 1941, and took around 1,000 men to Riga ) and 1945, more than 2,000 Jews from all over Württemberg were deported to Theresienstadt , Auschwitz , and
14444-583: The existence of a settlement here (despite the terrain being more suited for that original stud farm) during the High Middle Ages is provided by a gift registry from Hirsau Abbey dated to around 1160 that mentions a "Hugo de Stuokarten". A settlement at this locale was again mentioned in 1229, but this time by Pope Gregory IX . In AD 1219, Stuttgart (then Stuotgarten) became a possession of Herman V , Margrave of Baden . In addition to Backnang , Pforzheim , and Besigheim , Hermann would also found
14601-639: The existing route via the Schuster Railway to Untertürkheim yard, where trains had to reverse (with the locomotive running around) in order to continue on the Rems line, the new route accelerated freight trains by 35 minutes. S-Bahn line S4 has been extended from Marbach to Backnang, replacing Regionalbahn services. To create this S-Bahn ring, the Freiberg–Benningen section needed to be duplicated. This work began in December 2005. In July 2008
14758-634: The facilities of the Royal Württemberg State Railways in 1921, the original constrained stations at Backnang, Burgstall , Marbach and Ludwigsburg were expanded. This was accompanied by the duplication of the Favoritepark–Ludwigsburg line. Due to its strategic importance as an east–west axis, the line was the repeated target of Allied air attacks at the end of the Second World War . On a Sunday morning in
14915-521: The few "enduring communities" where the United States forces will continue to operate in Germany. The remaining U.S. bases around Stuttgart are organized into US Army Garrison Stuttgart and include Patch Barracks, Robinson Barracks , Panzer Kaserne and Kelley Barracks. From the end of World War II until the early 1990s these installations excepting Patch were almost exclusively Army, but have become increasingly "Purple"—as in joint service—since
15072-641: The financial burdens its high rents would place on the government. The immediate aftermath of the War would be marked by the controversial efforts of Arnulf Klett , the first Oberbürgermeister of Stuttgart, to restore the city. Klett favored the idea of a modernist Automotive city with functional divisions for residential, commercial and industrial areas according to the Athens Charter . Klett demolished both ruins and entire streets of largely undamaged buildings without rebuilding them to their original visage,
15229-488: The financial support of the state of Baden-Württemberg, which provided half of the cost, electrification of the remaining section of the Backnang–Ludwigsburg line and the Murr line between Backnang and Crailsheim began on 12 September 1994. After the completion of the work it on 2 June 1996, it was possible for electrically hauled freight trains to run directly from Kornwestheim marshalling yard to Nuremberg. Compared to
15386-429: The first time in centuries, Duke Eberhard Ludwig moved the seat of the Duchy out of the declining city of Stuttgart in 1718 to Ludwigsburg , founded in 1704, while the namesake Baroque palace , known as the "Versailles of Swabia", was still under construction. When Eberhard Ludwig died, his nephew Charles Alexander , ascended to the throne. Charles Alexander himself died in 1737, meaning his son Charles Eugene became
15543-586: The ghettos at Riga and Izbica . Of them, only 180 held in Internment survived the Shoah . Stuttgart, like many of Germany's major cities, was ravaged throughout the war by Allied air raids . For the first four years of the war, successful air raids on the city were rare because of the capable defence of the city by Wehrmacht ground forces, the Luftwaffe , and artificial fog . Despite opinions among some Royal Air Force members that day-time air raids on
15700-569: The help of Philip I , Landgrave of Hesse , seized the chance to restore himself to power (albeit as an Austrian vassal) in the turmoil of the Reformation and War with the Turks and invited Erhard Schnepf to bring the Reformation to Stuttgart. He accepted, was named Court Preacher in Stuttgart, and worked in concert with Ambrosius Blarer until his dismissal following his resistance to
15857-479: The increase in services would require additional tracks on the section between Waiblingen and Schorndorf, which was almost at capacity with the combined operation of S-Bahn and other trains on it. However, a report by RWTH Aachen University in 1993 came to the conclusion that the planned operations could be realised by shortening signal blocks on the line and modifying Waiblingen station. Deutsche Bundesbahn agreed to implement these measures in 1993 and new signalling
16014-453: The injury of 8,908 more people. The Allies lost 300 aircraft and seven to ten enlisted men. To commemorate the city citizens who died during the war, the rubble was assembled and used to create the Birkenkopf . Today Stuttgart consists to over 40% of buildings from before World War II, besides all destruction. The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Stuttgart in April 1945. Although
16171-464: The international infrastructure (as part of the Stuttgart 21 project), Stuttgart unveiled a new city logo and slogan in March 2008, describing itself as " Das neue Herz Europas " ("The new Heart of Europe"). For business, it describes itself as "Where business meets the future". In July 2010, the city unveiled a new logo, designed to entice more business people to stay in the city and enjoy breaks in
16328-592: The lands of nearby secondary German states. Within Stuttgart, the royal residence was expanded under Frederick although many of Stuttgart's most important buildings, including Wilhelm Palace , Katharina Hospital, the State Gallery , the Villa Berg and the Königsbau were built under the reign of King Wilhelm I . In 1818. King Wilhelm I and Queen Catherine in an attempt to assuage the suffering caused by
16485-541: The law and order in the American zone of occupied Germany until the civilian German police forces could be re-established. In 1948 the headquarters for all Constabulary forces was moved to Stuttgart. In 2008 a memorial to the US Constabulary was installed and dedicated at Patch Barracks. The US Constabulary headquarters was disbanded in 1950 and most of the force was merged into the newly organized 7th Army . As
16642-662: The layoff of many local civilians who had been career employees of the US Army. Since 1967, Patch Barracks in Stuttgart has been home to the US EUCOM . In 2007 AFRICOM was established as a cell within EUCOM and in 2008 established as the US Unified Combatant Command responsible for most of Africa headquartered at Kelley Barracks. Due to these 2 major headquarters, Stuttgart has been identified as one of
16799-574: The left changes to a bend to the right. Between Fellbach and Waiblingen there is another elongated, single-track flyover structure that was built before the S-Bahn went into service. This allows trains to and from Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental to cross trains on the Remsbahn without getting in each other's way. A fifth track was later built here to reduce interference between fast trains and S-Bahn trains. The Waiblingen–Schwäbisch Hall railway branches off at Waiblingen station . The Rems Railway continues as
16956-481: The line between Schorndorf and Nördlingen was completely closed in two construction phases. During the closure there was a rail replacement bus service for local transport. During this time, Intercity Line 61 (Nuremberg–Karlsruhe) was diverted between Crailsheim and Waiblingen via Schwäbisch Hall-Hessental. The project cost €50 million. Further renovation work related to the Schorndorf–Waiblingen section and
17113-607: The line continues north along the Kocher to Goldshöfe station . The line to Crailsheim branches off to the north; originally Goldshöfe station was built to allow changes of train and it was not intended to serve the local population. Up to the end of the line in Nördlingen, a somewhat more winding route and a tunnel through the foothills of the Swabian Jura near Lauchheim were necessary. A railway between Stuttgart and Ulm
17270-692: The line via Ulm for the Olympic Games in Munich . From 1978 to 1981, a third and fourth track were built on the Bad Cannstatt–Waiblingen section and a flying junction was built between Fellbach and Waiblingen where the Murr railway branches off, so that in 1981 Stuttgart S-Bahn services could operate to Backnang and Schorndorf. In 1983 and 1984 a portion of the Rheingold ran from Mannheim via Heidelberg , Heilbronn , Stuttgart and over
17427-407: The line, Georg Morlok examined four major variants for the route with different locations for the transition from the Neckar and Fils valley to the Rems valley. These were from west to east: Although the cost of crossing the mountain range was found to be least for the western variant, the total cost of the eastern variant was the lowest, because the length of track that would have to be built in
17584-458: The modern German state of Baden-Württemberg , with Stuttgart as its capital. Since the 1950s, Stuttgart has been the third largest city in southern Germany behind Frankfurt and Munich . The city's population, halved by the Second World War, began sudden growth with the mass influx of German refugees expelled from their homes and communities by the Soviets from the late 1940s until 1950 to
17741-428: The municipal area. At the center of Stuttgart lies its main square, Schlossplatz . As well as being the largest square in Stuttgart, it stands at the crossover point between the city's shopping area, Schlossgarten park which runs down to the river Neckar , Stuttgart's two central castles and major museums and residential areas to the south west. Königstraße, Stuttgart's most important shopping street which runs along
17898-696: The name Fugger-Express . In December 2022, Go-Ahead took over from DB Bayern. Since then, the hourly service has run daily (previously every two hours on weekends). In addition, trains continue every two hours as RE 89 via Donauwörth to/from Augsburg and Munich . The carriages used in regional transport until 2015 were mainly renovated Silberling carriages. From the timetable change on 12 December 2010, Regional-Express trains at weekends largely consisted of double-deck carriages built from 1994 to 1996. Since 1 February 2016, six trains were also operated with double-deck coaches from Monday to Friday. From 1 October 2016 to 8 June 2019, only double-decker coaches ran on
18055-679: The name " Cannstatt " is not clear, but as the site is mentioned as condistat in the Annals of Metz (9th century), it is mostly derived from the Latin word condita ("foundation"), suggesting that the name of the Roman settlement might have had the prefix " Condi- ". Alternatively, Sommer (1992) suggested that the Roman site corresponds to the Civitas Aurelia G attested to in an inscription found near Öhringen . There have also been attempts at
18212-643: The name of Hans von Hutten, obliging her to flee to the court of her brother, William IV , Duke of Bavaria , who successfully had Ulrich placed under Imperial ban twice. When the Emperor died in 1519, Ulrich struck, seizing the Free Imperial City of Reutlingen , prompting the League to intervene. That same year, Ulrich was soundly defeated and he was driven into exile in France and Switzerland following
18369-583: The next nine years. Due to the Nazi Party 's practice of Gleichschaltung , Stuttgart's political importance as state capital became totally nonexistent, though it remained the cultural and economic centre of the central Neckar region. Stuttgart, one of the cities bestowed an honorary title by the Nazi regime, was given the moniker "City of the Abroad Germans " in 1936. The first prototypes of
18526-434: The northwestern edge of Schlossplatz, claims to be the longest pedestrianized street in Germany. Although the city center was heavily damaged during World War II, many historic buildings have been reconstructed and the city boasts some fine pieces of modern post-war architecture. Buildings and squares of note in the inner city include: A number of significant castles stand in Stuttgart's suburbs and beyond as reminders of
18683-680: The opening of the Stuttgart S-Bahn on 1 October 1978 with a scheduled three routes. from 17 to 19 June 1983, ten European heads of state and representatives from the European Union met in Stuttgart for a summit and there made the Solemn Declaration on European Union . In 1986, the European Athletics Championships of that year were held in the Neckarstadion . Mikhail Gorbachev , while on
18840-468: The operation of small and medium-sized railway sidings and freight yards were closed. But the once large freight yard at Schwäbisch Gmünd is also now closed. From December 2002 to December 2003, the line was closed due to a landslide on the Bildwasen Tunnel between Lauchheim and Aufhausen . The east portal of the tunnel was then extensively renovated. Until 2006, night trains ran via Aalen on
18997-466: The participating municipalities and districts signed an agreement to finance the extension between Marbach and Backnang. This allowed the S-Bahn extension to open on 8 December 2012. The total estimated cost of the works for the extension of the S-Bahn amounted to almost €40 million. The Backnang–Bietigheim route was originally built as part of an east–west axis for freight transport. To a much lesser extent there were also long-distance passenger services on
19154-680: The parties involved regarding the appropriate platform height, there was a delay of several years, so that construction can probably only begin in the mid-2020s. Lines S 2 and S 3 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn serve the Stuttgart–Waiblingen section and line S2 serves the Waiblingen–Schorndorf section. The MEX 13 service from Stuttgart to Aalen operate every 30 minutes on weekdays, every hour to Ellwangen and every two hours to Crailsheim. Intermediate stops are Bad Cannstatt, Waiblingen, Schorndorf and then all stations. This
19311-617: The plans of Johann Michael Knapp to celebrate the rule of King Wilhelm I. A decade later, the Königsbau was constructed by Knapp and court architect Christian Friedrich von Leins as a concert hall. Another milestone in Stuttgart's history was the running of the first rail line from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim on 22 October 1845. The advent of Industrialisation in Germany heralded a major growth of population for Stuttgart: In 1834, Stuttgart counted 35,200 inhabitants, rose to 50,000 in 1852, 69,084 inhabitants in 1864, and finally 91,000 residents in 1871. By 1874, Stuttgart once again exceeded
19468-563: The population of Württemberg. Recovery would be slow for the next several decades, but began nonetheless with the city's first bookstore in 1650 and high school in 1686. This progress was almost entirely undone when French soldiers under Ezéchiel du Mas appeared outside the city's walls in 1688 during the Nine Years' War , but the city was saved from another sack due to the diplomatic ability of Magdalena Sibylla , reigning over Württemberg as regent for her son, Eberhard Ludwig . For
19625-576: The premature Duke (and later King) at the age of nine. When he came of age and returned from his tutoring at the court of Frederick the Great , King of Prussia , Charles desired to move the capital back to Stuttgart. He commissioned the construction of the New Castle in 1746, Castle Solitude in 1763, Castle Hohenheim in 1785, and the Karlsschule in 1770. The rule of Charles Eugene also saw
19782-688: The reign of his son, Ulrich . Though Ulrich initially made territorial gains as a result of his decision to fight alongside the Emperor Maximilian I , he was no friend of the powerful Swabian League nor of his own subjects, who launched the Poor Conrad rebellion of 1514. Despite this and his rivalry with the Swabian League, his undoing would actually come in the form of his unhappy marriage to Sabina of Bavaria . In 1515, Ulrich killed an imperial knight and lover of Sabina's by
19939-677: The river Neckar and is divided into the upper garden (bordering the Old Castle , the Main Station , the State Theater and the State Parliament building), and the middle and lower gardens – a total of 61 hectares. The park also houses Stuttgart planetarium. Rems Railway The Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt–Nördlingen railway is a main line in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria , Germany. It branches off
20096-546: The route in 1996, freight services have also run between Kornwestheim and Nuremberg and it is now not necessary for electrically hauled freight trains to run via the Schuster line and reverse in Untertürkheim yard. Stuttgart Stuttgart ( German: [ˈʃtʊtɡaʁt] ; Swabian : Schduagert [ˈʒ̊d̥ua̯ɡ̊ɛʕd̥] ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of
20253-434: The second section to Nördlingen was opened, connecting the Rems line to the Bavarian Ludwig South-North Railway . This was after the line crossing the border at Ulm / Neu-Ulm (now part of the Ulm–Augsburg railway ), the second link built between the railways of Württemberg and Bavaria. The 3.75 km section between the border and the Bavarian town of Nördlingen was operated by the Württemberg State Railways on lease. There
20410-405: The smuggling of three weapons into the prison by their lawyer, that the terrorists could not escape and that they would receive life sentencing , the terrorists killed themselves in April 1977 in an event remembered locally as the " Todesnacht von Stammheim ", "Night of Death at Stammheim". The trauma of the early 1970s was quickly left behind, starting in 1974 with the 1974 FIFA World Cup and
20567-418: The spring of 1945, a freight train running towards Bietigheim through Beihingen (now part of Freiberg am Neckar) was covered with bombs by a fighter-bomber and destroyed. The deep cuttings near Bietigheim were also badly damaged by bombs. On 20 April 1945 all railway and road bridges over the Neckar and the Neckar canal were destroyed by retreating German troops. In addition, on 20 April 1945 German troops blew up
20724-431: The station. To allow troops to be speedily transported in the east–west direction from northern Bavaria to the French border, the plans were adjusted so that the line ran in a curve from the south to reach Bietigheim station via an underpass under the railway from Stuttgart. Since the entrance building was built on an island between the tracks of the Northern and Western Railway , a complete renovation of Bietigheim station
20881-426: The tenth century with its founding by Liudolf , Duke of Swabia , as a stud farm for his warhorses. Initially overshadowed by nearby Bad Cannstatt, the town grew steadily and was granted a charter in 1320. The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of Württemberg , and they made it the capital of their county , duchy , and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918. Stuttgart prospered despite setbacks in
21038-481: The third century by the Alamanni , the settlement temporarily vanished from history until the seventh century. In 700, Duke Gotfrid mentions a "Chan Stada" in a document regarding property. Archaeological evidence shows that later Merovingian era Frankish farmers continued to till the same land the Romans did. Cannstatt is mentioned in the Abbey of St. Gall 's archives as " Canstat ad Neccarum " ( German : Cannstatt-on-Neckar ) in 708. The etymology of
21195-495: The three areas of Allied occupation in Baden-Württemberg, from 1945 until 1952. The military government of the American occupation zone established a Displaced persons camp for displaced persons , mostly forced labourers from Central and Eastern European industrial firms in the area. There was, however, a camp located in Stuttgart-West that, until its closure and transportation of internees to Heidenheim an der Brenz in 1949, housed almost exclusively 1400 Jewish survivors of
21352-418: The tutoring and origins of Friedrich Schiller in Stuttgart, who studied medicine and completed The Robbers here. Stuttgart, at the end of the 18th century, remained a very provincial town of 20,000 residents, narrow alleys, and agriculture and livestock. Despite being the capital and seat of the Duchy, the general staff of the Army of Württemberg was not present in the city. In 1794, Duke Charles dissolved
21509-473: The twisting valley of the Murr to Kirchberg . Thereafter, the line leaves the floor of the valley and after Erdmannhausen runs through a 2 km long and up to 11 m deep cutting through the watershed between the Murr and the Neckar . After Marbach station a siding branches off to the north of the line and runs to Marbach power station—until 1989 there was a remnant here of the former 750 mm gauge Bottwar Valley Railway ( Bottwartalbahn ). After crossing
21666-500: The west and north of Munich . The city is often described as being " zwischen Wald und Reben " ("between forest and vines") because of its viticulture and surrounding forests. Stuttgart covers an area of 207.35 km (80 sq mi) and sits at elevation ranging from 207 m (679 ft) above sea level by the Neckar river to 549 m (1,801 ft) on Bernhartshöhe hill – something rather unique in large German cities. The most prominent elevated locales in Stuttgart are
21823-476: The west side of Bietigheim station . After the opening of the Württemberg railway lines in the internal expansion of the 1860s (see History of railways in Württemberg ), the cities of Stuttgart , Heilbronn , Crailsheim and Aalen were connected by a railway that spanned the northern part of the country. In 1853, the first east–west route through Württemberg was completed as the Western and Eastern Railways . Additional connections to Bavaria were added with
21980-485: The winter periods snow may last for several days. Snow cover tends to last no longer than a few days although it had lasted several weeks at a time as recently as 2010. Though it is a rare occurrence in Stuttgart, the city sometimes receives damaging hailstorms , such as in July 2013. In order to fight this phenomenon, weather stations known as " Hagelflieger " are stationed near the city and are largely funded by Daimler AG , who maintain several parking lots and factories in
22137-411: Was a part of the Roman imperial province Germania Superior . As with many military installations, a settlement sprang up nearby and remained there even after the limes moved further east. When they did, the town was left in the capable hands of a local brickworks that produced sophisticated architectural ceramics and pottery. When the Romans were driven back past the Rhine and Danube rivers in
22294-413: Was a separate entrance in the Nördlingen terminus, with its own hall for the Rems Railway. The line was initially built as a single track, but duplication was planned from the outset. It was duplicated from Cannstatt to Fellbach in 1864, Waiblingen in 1876, Schorndorf in 1899, Lorch in 1902, Deinbach in 1905, Gmünd in 1910, Unterböbingen in 1920, then Essingen, and Aalen in 1926. The Aalen–Goldshöfe line
22451-419: Was also appointed Court Architect, and he built the Lusthaus. But it was architect Heinrich Schickhardt who would carry Tretsch's torch further; Schickhardt constructed the Stammheim Castle in the suburb of Stammheim, rebuilt the Fruchtkasten in the today's Schillerplatz, and expanded the Prinzebau. The Thirty Years' War devastated the city, and it would slowly decline for a period of time from then on. After
22608-433: Was also used as a central location for executions in Southwest Germany, as the headstone located in its atrium dedicated to the 419 lives lost there recalls. Participants of the Kristallnacht burned the Old Synagogue to the ground along with the relics contained within and also destroyed its Jewish cemetery . The next year the Nazi regime began the arrests and deportation of Stuttgart's Jewish inhabitants, beginning with
22765-476: Was built around the highly congested Stuttgart station , connecting the Murr and the Western Railways. An alternative bypass route with access to the Western Railway would have been the Untertürkheim–Kornwestheim freight bypass , which had not yet been built; it was planned from 1890 and opened in 1896. In addition, to the west of the proposed crossing of the Neckar, a 5 km long branch line would be built to Ludwigsburg to improve connections between Marbach and
22922-457: Was carried out from July to September 2013. The S2 therefore only ran every half hour during peak hour and the Regional-Express between Aalen and Stuttgart every hour. The section was completely closed from 30 August to 2 September 2013 and a rail replacement service was established. On 9 June 2019, Go-Ahead Verkehrsgesellschaft Deutschland took over regional services on the Waiblingen–Aalen section from DB Regio Baden-Württemberg . A depot with
23079-450: Was considered. With the impending agreement to build the Kraichgau Railway between Eppingen and Heilbronn , Württemberg was faced with an unfavourable situation in that the Kraichgau and the Kocher Railway were emerging as a new transport corridor between the Rhine and Bavaria, with only a relatively short section through Württemberg. The planned Murr Valley Railway would be competitive with this route if an additional northern bypass
23236-444: Was damaged during the Second World War and was never returned to operation. Between Ludwigsburg and Marbach the line has been part of the Stuttgart S-Bahn network since 1980. The Marbach–Backnang section is currently being rebuilt so that it can be integrated into the S-Bahn. The Ludwigsburg–Backnang line is sometimes referred to as the Kleine Murrbahn ("Little Murr Railway"). The fully electrified and partially double track line
23393-456: Was declared its capital. On 26 April 1919, a new constitution was devised, and the final draft was approved and ratified on 25 September 1919 by the Constituent Assembly. In 1920, Stuttgart temporarily became the seat of the German National Government when the administration fled from Berlin from the Kapp Putsch . Also in 1920, Erwin Rommel became the company commander of the 13th Infantry Regiment based in Stuttgart and would remain as such for
23550-435: Was duplicated in 1866, completing the duplication achieved to date. On 1 May 1897, the connecting line was opened from Untertürkheim to the Rems line towards Fellbach. It opens just before the site of the current Rems line Nürnberger Straße station , creating a triangular junction between Bad Cannstatt, Untertürkheim and Nürnberger Straße. Its purpose was, together with today's Schuster Railway ( Schusterbahn , then called
23707-415: Was formally closed on 15 January 1958. The formation of the town of Freiberg am Neckar from the communities of Beihingen, Heutingsheim and Geisingen led to Beihingen-Heutingsheim station being renamed Freiberg (Neckar) on 1 June 1975. Two years after operations commenced on Stuttgart S-Bahn lines S1, S5 and S6 in 1978, the Backnang–Ludwigsburg line experienced a significant upswing with the extension of
23864-431: Was highly saturated and was subject to water seepage and landslides. Three fountains were built to dispose of the water and were used to supply Bietigheim station. Some animal remains ablated by Ice Age glaciation was found in the excavated earth. The most complex structure in the stretch was the Neckar Viaduct at Marbach, which was built as a five-span steel truss bridge with a total length of 345 m. Trains began running on
24021-538: Was implemented on the Waiblingen–Schorndorf section with the Ks-Signalsystem . It was found that the timetable was still vulnerable to disruptions. To resolve this, a fifth track was installed in about 2000 on the section between Fellbach and Waiblingen, so that long-distance and S-Bahn trains could run from Fellbach to Waiblingen towards Schorndorf at the same time. Simultaneously with these upgrades for passenger traffic, freight facilities were dismantled everywhere, as elsewhere in Germany at this time, and in particular
24178-425: Was one of the first railways proposed in Württemberg in the middle of the 19th century. Alternative alignments via Aalen or directly via Göppingen were discussed. At first it seemed the first route, even though it was indirect, had a greater chance of being built, as it required no major climbs, in contrast to the second route. After several years of discussion it was decided to build the route via Göppingen, despite
24335-427: Was quashed by his father four years later. In 1089, Bruno of Calw built the precursor building to the Old Castle . Stuttgart's viticulture , first documented in the Holy Roman Empire in the year AD 1108, kept people in the area of that stud farm for some time, but the area was still largely overshadowed by nearby Cannstatt because of its role as a local crossroad for many major European trade routes. Nevertheless,
24492-407: Was the location of the Schwäbische Hüttenwerke, then a major state steelworks. This steelworks delivered all of its steel that was moved by rail via the Rems line until the mid-1860s. The fastest regular service at the time ran between Wasseralfingen and Stuttgart in 2 hours, 55 minutes. The line was equipped with signalman's houses about once every kilometre and with an electric telegraph. In 1863,
24649-491: Was thwarted by the action of Emperor Rudolph I . Further resistance by Eberhard I against the Emperor's created Vogts and Bailiwicks as well as the newly appointed Duke of Swabia Rudolf II, Duke of Austria , eventually led to armed conflict and initial successes upon Emperor Rudolph I's death in 1291 against the Emperor's men. After initially defeating his regional rivals, Henry VII , newly elected as Emperor, decided to take action against Eberhard I in 1311 during his war with
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