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89-395: Little Miss Sunshine is a 2006 American tragicomedy road film directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris (in their directorial debut) from a screenplay written by Michael Arndt . The film stars an ensemble cast consisting of Greg Kinnear , Steve Carell , Toni Collette , Paul Dano , Abigail Breslin , and Alan Arkin , all of whom play members of a dysfunctional family taking

178-480: A choreographer . "It was very important for us to find the right sound for this movie. We hoped that we could find it before we actually filmed the picture because that's how we worked for years and we've found that music informs our choices." —Jonathan Dayton, director The score for Little Miss Sunshine was written by the Denver band DeVotchKa and composer Mychael Danna . Performed by DeVotchKa, much of

267-522: A beauty pageant in California again. Piling into the van with the horn still honking, they happily smash through the barrier of the hotel's toll booth and begin their trip back home to Albuquerque. You start off with all these people living their separate lives and the climax of the movie is them all jumping up onstage together. So the story is really about these families starting separately and ending together. —Michael Arndt, writer When choosing

356-400: A century and more. In England, where practice ran ahead of theory, the situation was quite different. In the sixteenth century, "tragicomedy" meant the native sort of romantic play that violated the unities of time, place, and action, that glibly mixed high- and low-born characters, and that presented fantastic actions. These were the features Philip Sidney deplored in his complaint against

445-409: A comedy, when there are kings and gods in it. What do you think? Since a slave also has a part in the play, I'll make it a tragicomedy...— Plautus , Amphitryon Two figures helped to elevate tragicomedy to the status of a regular genre, by which is meant one with its own set of rigid rules. First was Giovanni Battista Giraldi Cinthio , a dramatist working in the mid-sixteenth century who developed

534-519: A figure of 300,000 deaths per year in the world through drug overdose. 1,015,060 US residents died from drug overdoses from 1968 to 2019. 22 people out of every 100,000 died from drug overdoses in 2019 in the US. From 1999 to Feb 2019 in the United States, more than 770,000 people have died from drug overdoses. In the US around 107,500 people died in the 12-month period ending August 31, 2022, at

623-462: A film. In the case of Little Miss Sunshine , there were five producers (Marc Turtletaub, Peter Saraf, Albert Berger, Ron Yerxa, and David Friendly ) and the Academy did not want to include Berger and Yerxa. The two producers were responsible for finding the script, introducing the directors to the other producers, choosing the cinematographer, assisting in the re-shoot of the ending, and helping bring

712-415: A happy ending" eventually developed into melodrama , in which form it still flourishes. Landgartha (1640) by Henry Burnell , the first play by an Irish playwright to be performed in an Irish theatre, was explicitly described by its author as a tragicomedy. Critical reaction to the play was universally hostile, partly it seems because the ending was neither happy nor unhappy. Burnell in his introduction to

801-512: A low enough dosage. Drug overdose is sometimes used as a means to commit suicide , as the result of intentional or unintentional misuse of medication . Intentional misuse leading to overdose can include using prescribed or non-prescribed drugs in excessive quantities in an attempt to produce euphoria . Usage of illicit drugs , in large quantities, or after a period of drug abstinence can also induce overdose. Cocaine and opioid users who inject intravenously can easily overdose accidentally, as

890-500: A medical epidemiologist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said that in 2005 more than 22,000 American people died due to overdoses, and the number is growing rapidly. Paulozzi also testified that all available evidence suggests unintentional overdose deaths are related to the increasing use of prescription drugs, especially opioid painkillers. However, the vast majority of overdoses are also attributable to alcohol . It

979-405: A movie, there's no reason why someone who's made a good enough film to be nominated for an Academy Award should be precluded from being rewarded for the work they did." Film producer and author Lynda Obst who was affiliated with an Academy Award producer committee, also commented: "By and large, five people don't make a movie. If this is an exception, then it's a sad situation. But you don't destroy

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1068-655: A place steeped in human tragedy and suffering. Films including Life is Beautiful , Mary and Max , Parasite , Jojo Rabbit , The Banshees of Inisherin , Beau is Afraid , Robot Dreams , and Memoir of a Snail have been described as tragicomedies. Television series including Succession , Killing Eve , Breaking Bad , Better Call Saul , Fleabag , I May Destroy You , BoJack Horseman , South Park , Steven Universe Future , Moral Orel , Barry , Made for Love and The White Lotus have also been described as tragicomedies. Drug overdose A drug overdose ( overdose or OD )

1157-402: A previous marriage, has taken a vow of silence until he accomplishes his dream of becoming a fighter pilot . Sheryl's brother Frank, a gay scholar of Proust , is living with the family after having attempted suicide . Richard's foul-mouthed father Edwin is also living with the family after being evicted from a retirement home for snorting heroin . Olive, Richard and Sheryl's young daughter,

1246-786: A rare and extraordinary circumstance, to name any additional qualified producer as a nominee." A musical based on the film, with music and lyrics by William Finn and book and direction by James Lapine , was workshopped at the Sundance Institute Theatre Lab at White Oak in Yulee, Florida October 25 through November 7, 2009. It then premiered at the La Jolla Playhouse from February 15 through March 27, 2011. The cast features Hunter Foster , Malcolm Gets , Georgi James, Dick Latessa , Jennifer Laura Thompson , and Taylor Trensch . On March 11, 2011, Gets left

1335-430: A rate of 294 deaths per day. 70,630 people died from drug overdoses in 2019. The U.S. drug overdose death rate has gone from 2.5 per 100,000 people in 1968 to 21.5 per 100,000 in 2019. The National Center for Health Statistics reports that 19,250 people died of accidental poisoning in the U.S. in the year 2004 (eight deaths per 100,000 population). In 2008 testimony before a Senate subcommittee, Leonard J. Paulozzi,

1424-416: A result, Arndt developed his script lampooning the thought process: "And I thought there's something so wrong with that attitude ... I wanted to ... attack that idea that in life you're going up or you're going down ... So to a degree, a child beauty pageant is the epitome of the ultimate stupid meaningless competition people put themselves through." Co-director Jonathan Dayton also commented on

1513-431: A rule for an exception." The PGA had previously honored all five of the producers. Albert Berger, reacting to the Academy's decision while at a panel for the film, stated "No matter what the Academy decided, we produced this movie." In June 2007, the Academy announced that they would allow exceptions for films that had more than three producers in the future, stating, "The committee has the right, in what it determines to be

1602-447: A secondary way on how close the action comes to a death. But, as Eugene Waith showed, the tragicomedy Fletcher developed in the next decade also had unifying stylistic features: sudden and unexpected revelations, outré plots, distant locales, and a persistent focus on elaborate, artificial rhetoric. Some of Fletcher's contemporaries, notably Philip Massinger and James Shirley , wrote popular tragicomedies. Richard Brome also essayed

1691-435: A strong ensemble cast that includes Greg Kinnear, Steve Carell, Toni Collette, Alan Arkin, and Abigail Breslin, as well as a delightfully funny script." On Metacritic , the film holds a score of 80 out of 100, based on reviews from 36 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Michael Medved gave Little Miss Sunshine four out of four, saying that "... this startling and irresistible dark comedy counts as one of

1780-680: A tragicomic impulse in modern theatre with Luigi Pirandello who influenced many playwrights including Samuel Beckett and Tom Stoppard. Also it can be seen in absurdist drama. Friedrich Dürrenmatt , the Swiss dramatist, suggested that tragicomedy was the inevitable genre for the twentieth century; he describes his play The Visit (1956) as a tragicomedy. Tragicomedy is a common genre in post- World War II British theatre, with authors as varied as Samuel Beckett , Tom Stoppard , John Arden , Alan Ayckbourn and Harold Pinter writing in this genre. Vladimir Nabokov 's postmodern 1962 novel Pale Fire

1869-450: A treatise on drama modeled on Roman comedies and tragedies as opposed to early Greek-based treatises that became the model for Italian dramatists at the time. He argued for a version of tragicomedy where a tragic story was told with a happy or comic ending ( tragedia a lieto fine), which he thought were better suited for staged performances as opposed to tragedies with unhappy endings which he thought were better when read. Even more important

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1958-411: Is a tragicomedy preoccupied with Elizabethan drama. American writers of the metamodernist and postmodernist movements have made use of tragicomedy and/or gallows humor . A notable example of a metamodernist tragicomedy is David Foster Wallace 's 1996 magnum opus , Infinite Jest . Wallace writes of comedic elements of living in a halfway house (i.e. "some people really do look like rodents"),

2047-509: Is an aspiring beauty queen coached by Edwin. Olive learns she has qualified for the "Little Miss Sunshine" beauty pageant being held in Redondo Beach, California , in two days. Richard, Sheryl, and Edwin want to support her, and Frank and Dwayne cannot be left alone, so the whole family attends. Due to financial constraints, they go on an 800-mile (1,300 km) road trip in their yellow Volkswagen van . Family tensions play out along

2136-475: Is genuinely outrageous and uplifting, is almost worth the hype." Anna Nimouse of National Review wrote that the film "is praised as a 'feel-good' film, perhaps for moviegoers who like bamboo under their fingernails. If you are miserable, then Little Miss Sunshine is the film for you". Paste Magazine named it one of the 50 Best Movies of the Decade (2000–2009), ranking it at No. 34. Roger Ebert reflected on

2225-665: Is no concise formal definition of tragicomedy from the classical age. It appears that the Greek philosopher Aristotle had something like the Renaissance meaning of the term (that is, a serious action with a happy ending) in mind when, in Poetics , he discusses tragedy with a dual ending. In this respect, a number of Greek and Roman plays , for instance Alcestis , may be called tragicomedies, though without any definite attributes outside of plot. The word itself originates with

2314-562: Is often misused as a descriptor for adverse drug reactions or negative drug interactions due to mixing multiple drugs simultaneously . Signs and symptoms of an overdose vary depending on the drug or exposure to toxins . The symptoms can often be divided into differing toxidromes . This can help one determine what class of drug or toxin is causing the difficulties. Symptoms of opioid overdoses include slow breathing, heart rate and pulse. Opioid overdoses can also cause pinpoint pupils, and blue lips and nails due to low levels of oxygen in

2403-587: Is revealed to be a striptease performed to the Rocasound remix of Rick James ' " Super Freak ". Olive's performance horrifies and angers most of the audience and organizers, who demand she be removed from the stage. The members of the Hoover family join Olive on stage and dance alongside her to show their support. The family is later released from the hotel's security office on the condition that Olive never enters

2492-457: Is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended. Typically it is used for cases when a risk to health will potentially result. An overdose may result in a toxic state or death . The word "overdose" implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug; therefore, the term is commonly applied only to drugs, not poisons , even though many poisons as well are harmless at

2581-540: Is the initial treatment of an overdose. Ventilation is considered when there is a low respiratory rate or when blood gases show the person to be hypoxic . Monitoring of the patient should continue before and throughout the treatment process, with particular attention to temperature, pulse , respiratory rate , blood pressure , urine output, electrocardiography (ECG) and O 2 saturation. Poison control centers and medical toxicologists are available in many areas to provide guidance in overdoses both to physicians and to

2670-1015: Is very rare for a victim of an overdose to have consumed just one drug. Most overdoses occur when drugs are ingested in combination with alcohol. Drug overdose was the leading cause of injury death in 2013. Among people 25 to 64 years old, drug overdose caused more deaths than motor vehicle traffic crashes. There were 43,982 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2013. Of these, 22,767 (51.8%) were related to prescription drugs. The 22,767 deaths relating to prescription drug overdose in 2013, 16,235 (71.3%) involved opioid painkillers, and 6,973 (30.6%) involved benzodiazepines . Drug misuse and abuse caused about 2.5 million emergency department (ED) visits in 2011. Of these, more than 1.4 million ED visits were related to prescription drugs. Among those ED visits, 501,207 visits were related to anti-anxiety and insomnia medications, and 420,040 visits were related to opioid analgesics. New CDC data in 2024 demonstrates U.S. drug overdose deaths have significantly declined, marking

2759-478: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for their work in producing the film. In 1999, the Academy decided that up to a maximum of three producers are eligible to be included in an award for a film. The rule was implemented to prevent numerous involved filmmakers to appear on stage when a film was receiving an award. The Producers Guild of America (PGA) has not set a limit of producers that can be honored for

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2848-410: The U.S. state of North Carolina, and have been replicated in the U.S. military. Nevertheless, scale-up of healthcare-based opioid overdose interventions is limited by providers' insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes towards prescribing take-home naloxone to prevent opioid overdose. Programs training police and fire personnel in opioid overdose response using naloxone have also shown promise in

2937-489: The potency , which is a factor in overdosing. For example, lean is usually created as a drinkable mixture, the cough syrup is combined with soft drinks, especially fruit-flavored drinks such as Sprite , Mountain Dew or Fanta , and is typically served in a foam cup . A hard candy, usually a Jolly Rancher , may be added to give the mixture a sweeter flavor. The substance that has been taken may often be determined by asking

3026-418: The "mungrell Tragy-comedie" of the 1580s, and of which Shakespeare's Polonius offers famous testimony: "The best actors in the world, either for tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral-comical, historical-pastoral, tragical-historical, tragical-comical-historical-pastoral, scene individuable, or poem unlimited: Seneca cannot be too heavy, nor Plautus too light. For the law of writ and the liberty, these are

3115-610: The $ 8 million budget, allowing Little Miss Sunshine to then be filmed. Principal photography began on June 6, 2005. Filming took place over 30 days in Arizona and southern California, with scenes shot in keeping with the chronological order of the script. Arndt re-wrote the ending to the film six weeks before the film's release at the Sundance Film Festival, and this was filmed in December 2005. The film

3204-543: The Roman comic playwright Plautus , who coined the term ( tragicomoedia in Latin) somewhat facetiously in the prologue to his play Amphitryon . The character Mercury, sensing the indecorum of the inclusion of both kings and gods alongside servants in a comedy, declares that the play had better be a "tragicomoedia": I will make it a mixture: let it be a tragicomedy. I don't think it would be appropriate to make it consistently

3293-414: The U.S. Supervised injection sites (also known as overdose prevention centers) have been used to help prevent drug overdoses by offering opioid reversal medications such as naloxone, medical assistance and treatment options. They also provide clean needles to help prevent the spread of diseases like HIV/AIDS and hepatitis . Stabilization of the person's airway, breathing, and circulation ( ABCs )

3382-502: The U.S. in its first week, earning $ 498,796. On July 29, 2006, the first Saturday after its initial limited release, Little Miss Sunshine earned a $ 20,335 per-theater average gross. It had the highest per-theater average gross of all the films shown in the United States every day for the first 21 days of its release, until being surpassed by the IMAX film Deep Sea 3D on August 15. In its third week of release Little Miss Sunshine entered

3471-557: The United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta. Little Miss Sunshine has had gross receipts of $ 59,891,098 in North America and $ 40,632,083 internationally for a total of $ 100,523,181. The DVD was released on December 19, 2006. It includes a dual-disc widescreen/full screen format, two commentary tracks , four alternate endings, and a music video by DeVotchKa . In its first week of release, DVD sales totaled $ 19,614,299 and it

3560-530: The assumption of suicide . The distribution of naloxone to injection drug users and other opioid drug users decreases the risk of death from overdose. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that U.S. programs for drug users and their caregivers prescribing take-home doses of naloxone and training on its utilization are estimated to have prevented 10,000 opioid overdose deaths. Healthcare institution-based naloxone prescription programs have also helped reduce rates of opioid overdose in

3649-406: The blood. A person experiencing an opioid overdose might also have muscle spasms, seizures and decreased consciousness. A person experiencing an opiate overdose usually will not wake up, even if their name is called or they are shaken vigorously. The drugs or toxins that are most frequently involved in overdose and death (grouped by ICD-10 ): Masking undesired taste may impair judgement of

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3738-425: The camera. 'Okay, go!' I mean, it was insanity; it's the most dangerous movie I've ever made." While filming the scenes in the van, the actors would at times remain in the vehicle for three or four hours a day. For scenes in which Alan Arkin's character was swearing excessively, Breslin had her headphones on and could not hear the dialogue, just like her character in the film. Only when she saw the film did she know what

3827-430: The camera. In the front windshield looking back and seeing everybody." Five VW Microbuses were used for the family car as some were modified for different filming techniques. Three of the vans had engines, and the two without were mounted on trailers. During pre-production, the cinematographer used a basic video camera and set it up at angles inside the van to determine the best locations to shoot from during filming. Many of

3916-398: The cast for the film, directors Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris were assisted by casting directors Kim Davis and Justine Baddeley who had worked with them on previous music videos. Davis and Baddeley traveled to "every English-speaking country" to search for the actress to portray Olive Hoover, and they finally chose actress Abigail Breslin through an audition when she was six. Paul Dano

4005-464: The character who dismisses his motivational technique business. A corporate change brought in a new studio head and Arndt was rehired when the new writer left after four weeks of rewriting the script. After two years of pre-production, Focus Features dropped the film in August 2004. Marc Turtletaub paid $ 400,000 to Focus Features to buy back the rights to the film and for development costs. He also paid for

4094-465: The character, the tone of the movie and the way we were approaching it, he was right on the same page with us." Although known to Comedy Central viewers for many years as a correspondent on the highly rated satirical news program The Daily Show with Jon Stewart , at the time Carell was cast for Little Miss Sunshine , he was relatively unknown in Hollywood. Producers of the film were worried that he

4183-554: The clock, the family arrives at the pageant hotel. Sheryl prepares Olive for her performance while Richard is looking into arrangements for Edwin's body. As the pageant begins, Richard and Dwayne realize that the other contestants are slim, sexualized pre-teen girls who perform elaborate dance numbers with great panache. Knowing that the amateur Olive is certain to be humiliated, they try to talk her out of performing. Sheryl insists that they "let Olive be Olive", and Olive goes on stage. The hitherto-unseen dance routine Edwin had taught Olive

4272-557: The directors attended several pageants in Southern California and met with a coordinator to learn more about the pageant process. A mother of a contestant in the film claimed that the film overplayed practices that the contestants go through: "Most pageants aren't quite like that, with shaving the girls' legs, spraying them with fake tans and putting on so much makeup." When Focus Features initially wanted to film in Canada,

4361-557: The directors opposed it, believing the costs of flying all of the pageant girls and their families would be excessive. The contestants and their families instead spent two weeks filming in a hotel in Ventura with most of the equipment and costumes being provided by the contestants' parents. To make Breslin's character the "plump" figure as shown in the film, she had to wear a padded suit during filming. For Olive's final scene involving her dancing routine, Breslin spent two weeks preparing with

4450-438: The ending re-shoot, and helping bring the film to the Sundance Film Festival. The film was pitched to several studios, and the only interested studio was Focus Features , who wanted to film it in Canada. After the studio attempted to have the film be centered on the character Richard Hoover, and Arndt disagreed, he was fired and replaced by another writer. The new writer added several scenes, including Richard's confrontation with

4539-569: The film for its ensemble cast. Then 10-year-old Abigail Breslin was nominated for several Best Supporting Actress and Breakthrough Performance awards. The Deauville Film Festival awarded the film the "Grand Special Prize" while the Palm Springs International Film Festival awarded it the "Chairman's Vanguard Award". The Independent Spirit Awards awarded it four awards out of five nominations, including "Best Feature" and "Best Director". The film's soundtrack

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4628-428: The film himself by raising several thousand dollars and using a camcorder . Instead, he gave the screenplay to producers Ron Yerxa and Albert Berger who teamed up with Deep River Productions to find a potential director. Arndt included the character Stan Grossman (here played by Bryan Cranston) as a tribute to the film Fargo . The producers met directors Dayton and Faris while producing Election and in turn gave

4717-466: The film to the Sundance Film Festival. The Academy acknowledged that the two were partners in the production process, but declared that only individual producers are recognized by the Academy. Deeming the two producers' work as a collective effort, the Academy refused to consider either Berger or Yerxa for the award. Producer David Hoberman commented on the support for honoring all five producers, stating "If there are five people actually involved in producing

4806-420: The film with a 'C' rating, calling the characters "walking, talking catalogs of screenwriter index-card data". Jim Ridley of The Village Voice called the movie a "rickety vehicle that travels mostly downhill" and a "Sundance clunker". Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail criticized the film, stating "Though Little Miss Sunshine is consistently contrived in its characters' too-cute misery, the conclusion, which

4895-646: The film's premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2006, several studios placed bids; Fox Searchlight Pictures won, offering $ 10.5 million, plus 10% of all the gross revenues. The deal occurred less than a day after the premiere and was one of the biggest deals made in the history of the festival. The previous year's festival had the film Hustle & Flow receive $ 9 million from Paramount Classics , and in 1999, Happy, Texas received $ 10 million from Miramax Films . Little Miss Sunshine initially opened in seven theaters in

4984-446: The film's themes, writing " Little Miss Sunshine shows us a world in which there's a form, a brochure, a procedure, a job title, a diet, a step-by-step program, a career path, a prize, a retirement community, to quantify, sort, categorize and process every human emotion or desire. Nothing exists that cannot be compartmentalized or turned into a self-improvement mantra about 'winners and losers.'" Brian Tallerico of UGO.com also focused on

5073-428: The film's themes: " Little Miss Sunshine teaches us to embrace that middle ground, acknowledging that life may just be a beauty pageant, where we're often going to be outdone by someone prettier, smarter, or just plain luckier, but if we get up on that stage and be ourselves, everything will turn out fine." Little Miss Sunshine was nominated for and won multiple awards from numerous film organizations and festivals. It

5162-470: The form, but with less success. And many of their contemporary writers, ranging from John Ford to Lodowick Carlell to Sir Aston Cockayne , made attempts in the genre. Tragicomedy remained fairly popular up to the closing of the theaters in 1642, and Fletcher's works were popular in the Restoration as well. The old styles were cast aside as tastes changed in the eighteenth century; the "tragedy with

5251-504: The general public. Specific antidotes are available for certain overdoses. For example, naloxone is the antidote for opiates such as heroin or morphine . Similarly, benzodiazepine overdoses may be effectively reversed with flumazenil . As a nonspecific antidote, activated charcoal is frequently recommended if available within one hour of the ingestion and the ingestion is significant. Gastric lavage , syrup of ipecac , and whole bowel irrigation are rarely used. The UN gives

5340-540: The history of the festival. The film had a limited release in the United States on July 26, 2006, and expanded to a wider release starting on August 18. Little Miss Sunshine was a box office success, earning $ 101 million, and was praised mainly for the performances (particularly towards Breslin and Arkin), direction, screenplay and humor. The film garnered four nominations at the 79th Academy Awards , including Best Picture . Arndt and Arkin won Best Original Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor , respectively, and Breslin

5429-412: The hospital while they go to the pageant and return later, they smuggle it into the van, almost getting caught by the police. During the final leg of the trip, Dwayne discovers he is colorblind , meaning he cannot become a pilot. This revelation prompts him to finally break his silence and shout his disdain for his family, though he apologizes after Olive calms him with a hug. After a frantic race against

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5518-466: The importance of the pageant to the film: "As far as the pageant goes, it was very important to us that the film not be about pageants. It's about being out of place, it's about not knowing where you're going to end up ..." All the girls acting as participants in the beauty pageant, except Abigail Breslin, were veterans of real beauty pageants. They looked the same and performed the same acts as they had in their real-life pageants. To prepare for filming,

5607-609: The list of top ten highest grossing American films for the week. It remained in the top ten until the 11th week of release, when it dropped to 11th place. The highest position it reached was third, which occurred in its fifth week of release. The largest number of theaters the film appeared in was 1,602. Internationally, the film earned over $ 5 million in Australia, $ 3 million in Germany, $ 4 million in Spain, and $ 6 million combined in

5696-447: The margin between a pleasurable drug sensation and an overdose is small. Unintentional misuse can include errors in dosage caused by failure to read or understand product labels. Accidental overdoses may also be the result of over-prescription, failure to recognize a drug's active ingredient or unwitting ingestion by children. A common unintentional overdose in young children involves multivitamins containing iron . The term 'overdose'

5785-487: The music was adapted from their pre-existing songs, such as "How It Ends", which became "The Winner Is", "The Enemy Guns" and "You Love Me" from the album How It Ends , and "La Llorona" from Una Volta . Directors Dayton and Faris were introduced to DeVotchKa's music after hearing the song "You Love Me" on Los Angeles ' KCRW radio station. The directors were so impressed with the music that they purchased iPods for cast members containing DeVotchKa albums. Mychael Danna

5874-456: The only men." Some aspects of this romantic impulse remain even in the work of more sophisticated playwrights: Shakespeare 's last plays, which may well be called tragicomedies, have often been called romances . By the early Stuart period, some English playwrights had absorbed the lessons of the Guarini controversy. John Fletcher 's The Faithful Shepherdess , an adaptation of Guarini's play,

5963-529: The pageant scenes near the end of the film. "Super Freak", the source music danced to by Olive during the pageant competition, was introduced during post-production by a suggestion from the music supervisor. Arndt's screenplay had called for Prince 's song " Peach "; during filming, the ZZ Top song " Gimme All Your Lovin' " was used. For the film, "Super Freak" was remixed by record producer Sebastian Arocha Morton (known professionally as ROCAsound). Following

6052-523: The person. However, if they will not, or cannot, due to an altered level of consciousness , provide this information, a search of the home or questioning of friends and family may be helpful. Examination for toxidromes , drug testing, or laboratory test may be helpful. Other laboratory test such as glucose , urea and electrolytes , paracetamol levels and salicylate levels are typically done. Negative drug-drug interactions have sometimes been misdiagnosed as an acute drug overdose, occasionally leading to

6141-456: The potential for the first year with fewer than 100,000 fatalities since 2020. The CDC data shows a nearly 17% drop in reported overdose deaths during the 12 months ending in June, totaling 93,087. This is a notable decrease from the 111,615 deaths recorded in the same period ending in June 2023. While the opioid crisis continues to take a heavy toll, fentanyl remains a major driver, contributing to

6230-516: The printed edition of the play attacked his critics for their ignorance, pointing out that as they should know perfectly well, many plays are neither tragedy nor comedy, but "something between". Criticism that developed after the Renaissance stressed the thematic and formal aspects of tragicomedy, rather than plot. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing defined it as a mixture of emotions in which "seriousness stimulates laughter, and pain pleasure." Tragicomedy's affinity with satire and "dark" comedy have suggested

6319-538: The problems associated with the van that were included in the plot (a broken clutch, a stuck horn, and a detached door), were based on similar problems that writer Arndt experienced during a childhood trip that involved the same type of vehicle. In an interview, actor Greg Kinnear jokingly described how the scenes were filmed when he was driving: "I was going like 50 miles an hour [80 km/h] in this '71 VW van that doesn't have side airbags. Basically, you'd wait for this huge camera truck to come whizzing in front of us with

6408-427: The script to them to read in 2001. The directors commented later on the script stating: "This film really struck a chord. We felt like it was written for us." The script was purchased from first-time screenwriter Arndt for $ 250,000 by Marc Turtletaub, one of the film's producers, on December 21, 2001. Yerxa and Berger remained as producers as they were responsible for finding the directors and cinematographer, assisting in

6497-657: The show. Ensemble member Andrew Samonsky took over the role of Uncle Frank, and understudy Ryan Wagner took over the role of Joshua Rose until the show closed on March 27, 2011. The musical premiered at Second Stage Theatre on October 15, 2013 (previews), and officially on November 14, 2013. The production closed on December 15, 2013. The cast features Hannah Rose Nordberg as Olive Hoover, Stephanie J. Block as Sheryl Hoover, Rory O'Malley as Frank Hoover, Wesley Taylor as Joshua Rose, Josh Lamon as Buddy, David Rasche as Grandpa Hoover, Jennifer Sanchez as Miss California and Logan Rowland as Dwayne Hoover. Tragicomedy There

6586-477: The soundtrack. The soundtrack reached No. 42 on the "Top Independent Albums" list and No. 24 on "Top Soundtracks" in the U.S. for 2006. It contains two songs by Sufjan Stevens (" No Man's Land " and " Chicago "), and songs by Tony Tisdale ("Catwalkin'") and Rick James (" Super Freak "). Two additional songs in the film that were written by Gordon Pogoda —"Let It Go" and "You've Got Me Dancing" (the latter of which he co-wrote with Barry Upton)—are featured during

6675-417: The trip, the family suffers numerous personal setbacks and discovers their need for each other's support. Richard loses an important contract that would have jump-started his motivational business. Frank encounters the ex-boyfriend who, in leaving him for an academic rival, had prompted his suicide attempt. Edwin fatally overdoses on heroin. When the grief counselor refuses to let the family leave his corpse at

6764-696: The very best films of the year ..." and that directors Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, the movie itself, and actors Alan Arkin, Abigail Breslin, and Steve Carell deserved Oscar nominations. Joel Siegel issued an 'A' rating, saying that " Orson Welles would have to come back to life for this not to make my year-end Top 10 list." Stella Papamichael of BBC News called the film "a winning blend of sophistication and silliness". USA Today ' s Claudia Puig commented on Breslin's depiction of Olive Hoover, "If Olive had been played by any other little girl, she would not have affected us as mightily as it did." Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly labeled

6853-416: The way, amidst the aging van's mechanical problems. When the van breaks down early on, the family learns that they must push it until it is moving at about 20 mph (32 km/h) before it is put into gear, at which point they have to run up to the side door and jump in. Later on, the van's horn starts honking unceasingly by itself, which leads to the family being pulled over by a state trooper. Throughout

6942-465: The youngest (Breslin) to compete in a child beauty pageant . It was produced by Big Beach Films on a budget of US$ 8 million. Filming began on June 6, 2005, and took place over 30 days in Arizona and Southern California . The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2006, and its distribution rights were bought by Fox Searchlight Pictures for one of the biggest deals made in

7031-407: Was Giovanni Battista Guarini . Guarini's Il Pastor Fido , published in 1590, provoked a fierce critical debate in which Guarini's spirited defense of generic innovation eventually carried the day. Guarini's tragicomedy offered modulated action that never drifted too far either to comedy or tragedy, mannered characters, and a pastoral setting. All three became staples of continental tragicomedy for

7120-476: Was being said. On July 25, 2006, Fox Searchlight Pictures invited VW bus owners to a screening at Vineland Drive-In theater in Industry, California . Over 60 of the vans were present at the screening. Prior to writing the script, Arndt read in a newspaper about Arnold Schwarzenegger speaking to a group of high school students and saying "If there's one thing in this world I hate, it's losers. I despise them." As

7209-523: Was brought in to help arrange the pre-existing material and collaborate with DeVotchKa on new material for the film. The Little Miss Sunshine score was not eligible for Academy Award consideration due to the percentage of material derived from already written DeVotchKa songs. The DeVotchka song "Til the End of Time" received a nomination for a 2006 Satellite Award as "Best Original Song". Both DeVotchKa and Danna received 2007 Grammy nominations for their work on

7298-613: Was cast as Dwayne two years before production began and in preparation for portraying his character, spent a few days taking his own vow of silence. The role of Frank, the suicidal Proust scholar, was originally written for Bill Murray , and there was also studio pressure for Robin Williams . The directing duo chose Steve Carell for the role a few months before filming began, and in an interview revealed: "When we met with Steve Carell, we didn't know he could do this based upon what he had done. But when we met with him and talked to him about

7387-639: Was dedicated to Rebecca Annitto, the niece of producer Peter Saraf and an extra in scenes set in the diner and the convenience store, who was killed in a car accident on September 14, 2005. When writing the script, Arndt chose the Volkswagen T2 Microbus to use for the road trip based on his experience with the vehicle and its practicality for filming: "I remember thinking, it's a road trip, what vehicle are you going to put them in? And [the] VW bus just seems logical, just because you have these high ceilings and these clean sight lines where you can put

7476-669: Was nominated for Best Supporting Actress . It also won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Feature and received numerous other accolades . The film also won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . Sheryl Hoover is a mother of two living in Albuquerque, New Mexico . Her husband Richard is an aspiring motivational speaker and life coach . Dwayne, Sheryl's Nietzsche -reading teenage son from

7565-601: Was nominated for "Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television, or Other Visual Media" at the Grammy Awards , but lost to Walk the Line . The film also had multiple nominations at the MTV Movie Awards , Satellite Awards , Chicago Film Critics Association Awards , and Golden Globe Awards , among others. There was some controversy concerning how many producers should receive an award from

7654-706: Was nominated for four Academy Awards and was awarded two at the 79th Academy Awards : Michael Arndt received " Best Original Screenplay " and Alan Arkin received " Best Supporting Actor ". In addition, the AFI Awards deemed it the "Movie of the Year", while the BAFTA Awards awarded it two awards out of six nominations with "Best Screenplay" for Arndt and "Best Actor in a Supporting Role" for Arkin. The Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards , Screen Actors Guild (SAG) , and Washington D.C. Area Film Critics commended

7743-400: Was not a big enough star and did not have much acting experience. The script was written by Michael Arndt and was originally about an East Coast road trip from Maryland to Florida , but was shifted to a journey from New Mexico to California because of budget issues. Arndt started the script on May 23, 2000, and completed the first rough draft by May 26. He had initially planned on shooting

7832-431: Was produced in 1608. In the printed edition, Fletcher offered a definition of the term, stating that: "A tragi-comedie is not so called in respect of mirth and killing, but in respect it wants deaths, which is enough to make it no tragedy, yet brings some neere it, which is inough to make it no comedie." Fletcher's definition focuses primarily on events: a play's genre is determined by whether or not people die in it, and in

7921-483: Was the sixth-most sold DVD of the week. By September 16, 2008, gross domestic DVD sales totaled $ 55,516,832. Rentals of the film from its release through April 15, 2007, totalled $ 46.32 million. The film was released on Blu-ray on February 10, 2009. On Rotten Tomatoes , Little Miss Sunshine received a 91% positive aggregate rating, based on 218 reviews, with an average rating of 7.72/10. The site's critical consensus reads, " Little Miss Sunshine succeeds thanks to

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