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55-537: The Salt Lake Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was built of blocks of quartz monzonite , granite , and granodiorite which Latter Day Saint pioneers quarried from the Little Cottonwood Stock near the mouth of the canyon. State Route 210 is the primary access road to the canyon, running from the canyon mouth up to Alta. Little Cottonwood Creek runs down the length of

110-504: A few companions seeking out America's last unclimbed peaks or striking routes considered too difficult to climb. He often climbed 40 or 50 different summits a year, and over the decades managed to achieve nearly one thousand first ascents. In the late 1940s, he asked The Mountaineers of Seattle to publish his first climbing guidebook for the local peaks. They turned him down, and the American Alpine Club agreed to print

165-766: A few thousand copies for a flat fee. Between climbs, he wrote several books, most notably the Cascade Alpine Guide , the definitive three-volume description of the Cascades from the Columbia River to the Fraser River , now in its third edition, published by The Mountaineers. In 2003, his 563-page book on the history of the region, Range of Glaciers , was published by the Oregon Historical Society Press. According to

220-488: A loss of "priceless cultural artifacts". In December 2021, the church updated estimations for the renovation completion for 2025, and in March 2023, estimates for the completion were again extended to 2026. If the latest estimations prove accurate, the total reconstruction period will have lasted between six and seven years. The Salt Lake Temple incorporates many symbolic adornments including Masonic symbols . Symbolism

275-612: A lot of time climbing mountain ranges in the Northwest and desert rock formations in the Southwest. After graduation in 1949 he worked for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer and became a print shop sales representative. However, he soon discovered that his work interfered with his climbing. For a time, he worked as a delivery truck driver, which left him time for climbing. As time went on, he decided that climbing

330-667: A magnitude 7.3 earthquake, the strongest expected magnitude in the Salt Lake Valley; work was expected to take about four years. Other facilities on Temple Square (and certain parts of the main temple) were to be demolished, reconstructed, and modernized in line with seismic code . Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems will be replaced, Initially the interior and its historical artifacts were planned to be preserved (although plans were later changed and many historic elements were removed ) and plazas and landscaping modified. Visitor access and tourism would remain during

385-873: A reviewer, he did much of the research for the volume in Washington, D.C. , at the Library of Congress and the National Archives, scouring files of the State Department, U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies. Beckey also perused the Canadian archives in Ottawa , Ontario; Hudson's Bay Co. archives in Winnipeg, Manitoba ; British Columbia archives in Victoria, British Columbia ; records of

440-706: A second ascent of Mount Waddington , which was then considered the most difficult climb in North America. Beckey followed that with many more first ascents of summits in the Olympic and North Cascade ranges. In 1942 he joined 10th Mountain Division , based in Colorado, and served as an instructor. After the war, Beckey studied business administration at the University of Washington , while still spending

495-545: Is also the footwall of the East Traverse Mountain Mega-Landslide , and its presence is probably a second-order control on the cause of the landslide, in addition to the elevation gradient caused by the nearby Wasatch Fault . The Little Cottonwood Canyon watershed provides drinking water to much of Salt Lake County. The National Forest Service considers Little Cottonwood Canyon a protected watershed area. In order to prevent contamination of

550-695: Is an important subject to members of the LDS Church. These symbols include the following: Two bombing incidents have damaged the temple. On April 10, 1910, a bomb at the nearby Hotel Utah (now the Joseph Smith Memorial Building ) damaged the trumpet of the Moroni statue atop the temple. On November 14, 1962, the southeast door of the Salt Lake Temple was bombed. FBI agents state that the explosive had been wrapped around

605-509: Is built 100 feet north of the temple. The construction of the annex started in 1892, and it was opened in 1893, at the same time as the temple itself. This building included a large entrance area and an assembly hall. In August of 1962, the main temple was closed. A new annex was opened at the north end of the temple square in March of 1966, which largely expanded the temple's capacity with a 400 seat chapel, underground dressing rooms, 4,000 lockers and large waiting rooms for marriage ceremonies. Both

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660-500: Is in downtown Salt Lake City, with several mountain peaks close by. Nearby, a shallow stream, City Creek , splits and flows both to the west and to the south, flowing into the Jordan River . There is a wall around the 10-acre (4.0 ha) temple site. The surrounding wall became the first permanent structure on what has become known as Temple Square. The wall is a uniform 15 feet (4.6 m) high but varies in appearance because of

715-573: Is oriented towards Jerusalem and the large basin used as a baptismal font is mounted on the backs of twelve oxen, as was the Molten Sea in Solomon's Temple (see 2 Chronicles 4:2–4). (However, the literal interpretation of the Biblical verses has been disputed.) At the east end of the building, the height of the center pinnacle to the base of the angel Moroni is 210 feet (64 m). The temple

770-469: Is said" that Oliver Cowdery 's divining rod was used to locate the temple site. The temple site was dedicated on February 14, 1853, by Heber C. Kimball . The groundbreaking ceremony was presided over by Young, who laid the cornerstone on April 6, 1853, the twenty-third anniversary of the church being organized. The architect was Truman O. Angell , and the temple features both Gothic and Romanesque elements. An annex, designed by Joseph Don Carlos Young,

825-539: Is the largest Latter-day Saint temple by floor area. Dedicated in 1893, it is the sixth temple completed by the church, requiring 40 years to complete, and the fourth temple built since the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo, Illinois , in 1846. The temple was closed in December 2019 for a general remodelling and seismic renovations , which were initially estimated to take approximately four years. Subsequent updates extended

880-569: The second anointing ordinance for live and deceased persons, and meeting rooms for church leaders. The temple's location was first marked by Brigham Young , the church's second president , on July 28, 1847, just four days after he arrived in the Salt Lake Valley . He marked a location between two forks of City Creek saying "Here will be the Temple of our God". In 1901, church apostle Anthon H. Lund recorded in his journal that "it

935-579: The 1930s, when Harold Goodro put up some routes before shifting to predominantly climbing on the quartzite of Big Cottonwood Canyon and elsewhere. Many of the major routes in Little Cottonwood were established in the early 1960s by the Alpenbock Club , some in conjunction with well-known visitors including Fred Beckey , Layton Kor , and Royal Robbins . The Lowes – George Lowe , Greg Lowe , and Jeff Lowe – came to prominence through

990-656: The 2017 Banff Mountain Film Festival ; the Best Mountaineering Film at the 2017 Kendal Mountain Film Festival ; and, the People's Choice Award at the 2017 Banff Mountain Book Festival . Mount Beckey, a previously unnamed, 8,500-foot peak in remote West-Central Alaska Range ( 62°51′20″N 152°8′15″W  /  62.85556°N 152.13750°W  / 62.85556; -152.13750 ),

1045-587: The Cascades by himself, after wandering off on a family camping trip. Afterwards, his family signed him up with the Boy Scouts where he learned the basic concepts of climbing. Later he joined The Mountaineers . In 1939, at sixteen, Fred and two friends climbed 7,292-foot Mount Despair in the North Cascades, which was considered unclimbable at the time. In 1942, the teenage Beckey brothers snatched

1100-709: The Northwest Boundary Survey at Yale University ; and records of the Northern Pacific and Great Northern railroads in Minneapolis . Beckey continued climbing when over 90 years old. His life was the subject of a 2017 documentary, directed by David O'Leske and produced by Patagonia , called Dirtbag: The Legend of Fred Beckey . The film won over 26 international awards, including: the Best Feature Mountain Film at

1155-533: The White Pine intrusion, and other smaller igneous units, collectively about 27-26 million years old, which are the source of the inactive White Pine molybdenum ore deposit in White Pine fork. The intrusion and its associated ore deposit have several interesting features, including quartz-bearing porphyry , pebble dikes , and other features related to hydrothermal ore deposit processes, and possibly volcanism , that occurred during intrusion. The intrusion

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1210-560: The annex and the addition were built using the same granite from the original quarry and designed to match the temple's architecture. Sandstone was originally used for the foundation. During the Utah War , the foundation was buried and the lot made to look like a plowed field to prevent unwanted attention from federal troops. With the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the troops were called away by December. In

1265-607: The buttress and near the road is the Gate Boulder, a popular gathering spot shaded by large trees. The Pfeifferhorn is one of the highest peaks to climb in the Wasatch. The peak is usually climbed from the Red Pine Lake area, a ten-mile roundtrip climb that gains 3,700 feet. The peak was named after Chuck Pfeiffer, a Wasatch Club leader from long ago. With 529 climbs currently established, Little Cottonwood Canyon has

1320-457: The canyon, beginning at Cecret Lake at Alta and flowing westward. The Little Cottonwood stock is a granitic intrusion that extends from the mouth of the canyon almost to Snowbird ski resort. It is Oligocene in age, roughly 30.5 to 29 million years old, composed primarily of granodiorite , quartz monzonite , and granite, with some mafic enclaves . The Little Cottonwood stock is intruded in its northeast corner by another unit called

1375-411: The canyon. Its route The Dorsal Fin (5.10d) is a classic of the Wasatch; first ascended by George Lowe and Mark McQuarrie in 1965, the bolts of this four-pitch were all drilled on the lead. The canyon also includes Gate Buttress, whose 80+ routes include the aptly named Schoolroom (5.6), a five-pitch route requiring a wide variety of techniques, along with routes ranging up to 5.12a in difficulty. Below

1430-476: The canyon. The road is approximately 8.3 miles from the base of the canyon to the top with an average grade of 9.2%, making it a popular road cycling challenge. Little Cottonwood Canyon is home to two ski areas, Snowbird and Alta . Both areas are well known for the amount of snow they receive each year with Alta averaging around 550 inches per year. The canyon is also well known for its backcountry skiing access, with over 300 named backcountry runs including one of

1485-405: The church announced significant changes to the renovation plan that affected many elements in the temple's historic interior. The progressive room-to-room live endowment ceremony would be removed and the layout of the temple would change, with the baptistry being moved to the annex and new instruction rooms constructed in its place. Other rooms and walls would be reconfigured, requiring the removal of

1540-472: The door handles on the temple's southeast entrance. The large wooden entrance doors were damaged by flying fragments of metal and glass. Damage to interior walls occurred 25 feet inside the temple, but damage to the interior was minor. Eleven exterior windows were shattered. The temple suffered damage in 1999 when a tornado rated F2 on the Fujita Scale struck Salt Lake City. A wedding taking place at

1595-485: The entire renovation process, but in regulated and coordinated fashion. Prior to 2019, the building had never been decommissioned for renovation and only minor updating of finishes and systems had occurred within the temple proper (although multiple "annex" additions had been added and removed in the past). This meant the temple's core historic architecture, layout, and workmanship had been preserved for 126 years. Before reconstruction started, church leaders indicated that

1650-530: The estimated completion to 2026, for a total renovation timeline lasting an anticipated six or seven years. The Salt Lake Temple is the centerpiece of the 10-acre (4.0 ha) Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah. Like other Latter-day Saint temples, the church and its members consider it sacred and a temple recommend is required to enter, so there are no public tours inside the temple as there are for other adjacent buildings on Temple Square. In 1912,

1705-455: The first public photographs of the interior were published in the book The House of the Lord , by James E. Talmage . Since then, various photographs have been published, including by Life magazine in 1938. The temple grounds are open to the public and are a popular tourist attraction. Due to its location at church headquarters and its historical significance, Latter-day Saints from around

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1760-652: The gondola have filed lawsuits against UDOT to block the gondola, claiming UDOT exceeded its authority and violated the National Environmental Policy Act . 40°34′16″N 111°42′25″W  /  40.571°N 111.707°W  / 40.571; -111.707 Salt Lake Temple The Salt Lake Temple is a temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on Temple Square in Salt Lake City , Utah , United States. At 253,015 square feet (23,505.9 m ), it

1815-462: The interior, some of which are shown below. The unauthorized photographs had been taken over several months the year before by a man who was repeatedly allowed to enter with his camera while the temple was closed by a temple gardener friend. Below are some elements of the temple have been removed during various renovations of the temple. Fred Beckey Friedrich Wolfgang Beckey (14 January 1923 – 30 October 2017), known as Fred Beckey ,

1870-460: The morning of March 18, 2020, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake struck just outside Salt Lake City. Though most of the damage was outside the city, minor damage was inflicted on the temple. The trumpet of the Angel Moroni on top of the temple's tallest spire was dislodged from the statue, and some stones from the smaller spires were displaced. No other damage to the temple was reported. The temple

1925-402: The most prominent peaks in the canyon, Mount Superior . The lower third of the canyon is strewn with quartz monzonite , granite, and granodiorite outcroppings, mostly consisting of smooth steep faces, some up to several hundred feet high. Local climbers informally refer to the rock as granite , which is a close relative to quartz monzonite. The earliest recorded climbing activity dates from

1980-503: The north side. Approaches involve parking alongside the road and hiking a short distance up through scrub oak , sometimes scrambling through fields of enormous boulders. Face climbing is the predominant technique, typically using bolts and cracks for protection, but there are many notable crack climbs as well. Most routes are 2-4 pitches in length, with walkoffs involving still more scrub oak. The highest-quality face routes are to be found on The Fin, an almost-featureless expanse high above

2035-615: The rest of the 1960s and early 1970s. More recent climbers have pushed the standards to the highest levels, establishing several 5.13 routes. Access can be a problem. On the north side, the "Church Buttress" above the Granite Mountain Records Vault , and the Black Peeler Buttress, are on private land and not legally accessible, as are parts of the south side. This still leaves some 20-odd named buttresses and gullies available for climbing, mostly on

2090-597: The second most bouldering routes in Utah. These routes vary in difficulty, from V0 to V16. Some of the most commonly climbed areas throughout the canyon include Secret Garden, 5 Mile, and White Pine. On August 31, 2022, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) announced "Gondola Alternative B", a plan to build a Gondola transit system connecting the base of Little Cottonwood Canyon with Alta and Snowbird ski areas. A coalition of environmental groups opposed to

2145-405: The sick or pregnant and were administered by women and men. The temple also serves as a place for marriage sealing ceremonies for live and deceased persons. Additional uses include functioning as a location for baptisms for the dead , baptisms for health (until being discontinued in 1921), and, briefly, for re-baptism for the renewal of covenants. Other rituals performed in the temple include

2200-457: The site's southwest slope. The temple is considered the house of God and is reserved for special ceremonies for practicing Latter-Day Saints. The main ordinance rooms are used during the endowment ceremony —namely the creation, garden, telestial, terrestrial, and celestial rooms in that order of use. A washing and anointing ceremony is also administered, and until 1921, the rooms were also used for healing rituals of washing and anointing for

2255-438: The spring, when the foundation was uncovered to continue work, it was discovered that many of the foundation stones had cracked, making them unsuitable to hold the weight of the massive temple. Although not all of the sandstone was replaced, the inadequate sandstone was replaced. The walls are quartz monzonite (which has the appearance of granite ) from Little Cottonwood Canyon , twenty miles (thirty-two kilometres) southeast of

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2310-503: The statue of the Angel Moroni —was laid on April 6, 1892, by means of an electric motor and switch operated by Wilford Woodruff , the church's fourth president, thus completing work on the temple's exterior. The Angel Moroni statue, standing 12.5 feet (3.8 m) tall, was placed on top of the capstone later the same day. At the capstone ceremony, Woodruff proposed the building's interior be finished within one year, which would allow

2365-429: The summit. Beckey descended in the blizzard to get help, but was later blamed by his teammates for abandoning his partner, who was rescued by others. Consequently although Beckey seemed a likely choice as a member for first American Everest Expedition in 1963, he was never invited by his ex-teammates. Afterwards Beckey shied away from the large team efforts abroad, preferring smaller alpine-style undertakings alone or with

2420-680: The temple site. Oxen transported the quarried rock initially, but as the Transcontinental Railroad neared completion in 1869 the remaining stones were carried by rail at a much faster rate. During the construction, the temple grounds were seized by the US Marshal as a result of the Edmunds–Tucker Act of 1886. It was later returned to the Latter-day Saints. The capstone —the granite sphere that holds

2475-447: The temple to be dedicated forty years, to the day, after its commencement. John R. Winder was instrumental in overseeing the interior's completion on schedule; he would serve as a member of the temple presidency until his death in 1910. Woodruff dedicated the temple on April 6, 1893, exactly forty years after the cornerstone was laid. At the end of 2019, the temple was closed for a seismic retrofitting designed to allow it to withstand

2530-447: The temple's murals. The murals and many other historic features of the building were photographed and otherwise documented before being permanently removed or destroyed. These changes will allow for greater patron capacity, but the removal of many historic elements was met with criticism, especially the destruction of the temple's murals. One prominent historian described the changes as a "huge and unnecessary loss" and another noted them as

2585-422: The temple's unique historicity would be preserved. Church employees stated that special efforts would be made to highlight and honor the pioneer craftsmanship and indicated the interiors would essentially remain the same. Various renderings were released showing the instruction rooms used for the endowment ceremony would remain intact, with the original layout, woodwork and murals being preserved. In March 2021,

2640-452: The time allowed a photographer to record video of the tornado as it passed near the temple, forcing the wedding party to shelter against the temple doors and pillars for protection from the wind and debris. They were not able to take shelter inside as the temple doors were locked. After being pelted with rain and hail, members of the wedding party surveyed the damage to the trees and surrounding buildings before resuming family photographs. On

2695-598: The watershed by fecal runoff, no dogs (except service animals and avalanche search dogs) are permitted in the canyon. Recreational activities in Little Cottonwood Canyon include hiking, camping, fishing, mountain biking, rock climbing, Bouldering, skiing, snowboarding, and backcountry use. There are two resorts in the canyon, Alta and Snowbird , providing both summer and winter recreational opportunities. The Utah Native Plant Society often conducts wildflower walks at Albion Basin and in other locations in

2750-637: The world patronize the temple. The Salt Lake Temple is also the location of the weekly meetings of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles . As such, there are special meeting rooms in the building for these purposes, including the Holy of Holies , which are not part of other temples. The temple includes some elements thought to evoke Solomon's Temple at Jerusalem . It

2805-629: Was an American rock climber, mountaineer and book author, who in seven decades of climbing achieved hundreds of first ascents of some of the tallest peaks and most important routes throughout Alaska, the Canadian Rockies and the Pacific Northwest . Among the Fifty Classic Climbs of North America , seven were established by Beckey, often climbing with some of the best known climbers of each generation. Beckey

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2860-694: Was born in 1923 near Düsseldorf , Germany to Klaus Beckey, a surgeon, and Marta Maria Beckey who was an opera singer. In 1925 economic hardships due to hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic forced his family to emigrate to the United States, settling in Seattle , Washington . His brother, Helmut "Helmy" Beckey, was born in Seattle in 1926 and would later become Fred's frequent climbing partner. At age twelve, Fred Beckey climbed Boulder Peak in

2915-475: Was early in its renovation process at the time, and the rest of the statue was removed the following May. Renovation procedures included an installation of a new statue on April 2, 2024. Below are several photographs from the interior of the temple. In response to a member obtaining unauthorized images of the interior of the temple, church leaders decided to release the book The House of the Lord in 1912, which contained authorized black-and-white photographs of

2970-505: Was his life's focus. He never married or had children, he never pursued a professional career, he never sought money or financial security as a goal—his goal was to climb mountains. In 1955 Beckey joined the International Himalayan Expedition to climb the world’s fourth-highest peak, Lhotse . During the expedition his tentmate developed cerebral edema at 23,000 feet on the night before they were to attempt

3025-455: Was named after Beckey, after he, Calvin Hebert and John Middendorf climbed it in 1996. Fred Beckey died of congestive heart failure , in Seattle, on October 30, 2017 at the age of 94. Partial list of notable first ascents: Timothy Egan captures Fred Beckey's personality in a chapter of The Good Rain . Beckey named Vasiliki Ridge , by Washington Pass, after his one true love. Beckey

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