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29-553: Little Germany may refer to: Little Germany, New York ( Kleindeutschland ), a former neighborhood; a steamboat disaster sped up its decline Little Germany, Bradford , a commercial and historic area, formerly influenced by local German merchants Little Germany, Ontario (disambiguation) Little Germany, Grey County, Ontario : in the Blue Mountains Little Germany, Northumberland County, Ontario : in

58-869: A decision in September 1872 by the Hague Congress to transfer the IWA General Council to New York. While he was secretary, the IWMA continued to decline in both America and Europe. In 1877 Sorge led a Marxist-oriented group in Newark that founded the Socialist Labor Party of America . Joseph Patrick McDonnell , editor of the New York Labor Standard gave significant assistance to Sorge. Sorge and McDonnell organized

87-566: A ten-year prison sentence. The General Slocum disaster was perhaps the final blow in hastening the end of Little Germany, but for decades before that event, the neighborhood had been contracting in size, both in population and in area. Near the end of the 19th century, between 1870 and 1900, second-generation German-Americans began to leave the old neighborhood to resettle in Brooklyn , in particular in Williamsburg , and farther uptown on

116-685: A textile strike in Paterson, New Jersey in 1878. The party, following a European Marxist line, did not succeed in gaining much support, since most workers looked to the mainstream political parties to support their goals. Sorge organized the International Labor Union of Hoboken in 1883. Sorge and Marx corresponded regularly from the 1860s until Marx died in 1883. Friedrich Engels visited Sorge in Hoboken in 1888, after Sorge had retired from politics. Sorge contributed articles to

145-821: The New York Communist Club , which was an educational society involved in the anti-slavery movement. Sorge became an active socialist in 1865, after the end of the American Civil War , and soon became the leading proponent of Karl Marx 's views in the United States. In December 1869 he founded Section I of New York of the International Workingmen's Association (IWMA, often called the First International), with 46 members. In December 1870 he established

174-774: The 20th century, it was home to almost 50,000 people. From a core in the riverside 11th Ward, it expanded to encompass most of the 10th, 13th, and 17th Wards, the same area that later became known as the Jewish Lower East Side. Tompkins Square Park , in what is now known as Alphabet City , was an important public space that the Germans called the Weisse Garten . There were beer gardens , sport clubs, libraries , choirs , shooting clubs, German theatres, German schools, German churches, and German synagogues. A large number of factories and small workshops operated in

203-695: The Central Committee of the North American IWMA. In September 1871 Section I of the IWMA organized a demonstration of 20,000 workers, including black workers, demanding an eight-hour day and supporting the Paris Commune . From 1872 to 1874 Sorge was general secretary of the First International's worldwide organization. His appointment followed the split between Marx and the anarchists led by Mikhail Bakunin , and

232-549: The East Side of Manhattan, in Yorkville . At the same time, the press of new mass immigration into the city of not only Germans – whose numbers peaked in the 1880s – and Irish, but also large numbers of Russian and Yiddish speaking Eastern European Jews and Italians from the south of that country caused Little Germany to contract, so that rather than taking up a large portion of the East Side below 23rd Street , it

261-643: The German Marxist journal Die Neue Zeit from 1891 to 1895, discussing the history of socialism in the United States. According to Edward Aveling , Sorge was "one who was, perhaps, of all men the closest intimate in the later years of both Marx and Engels." Selig Perlman called him the father of modern socialism in America. Sorge continued to teach music into his old age. He died on 26 October 1906 in Hoboken, New Jersey . The Soviet spy Richard Sorge

290-553: The Irish, and in fact those from particular German states preferred to live together. This choice of living in wards with those from the same region was perhaps the most distinct and overlooked feature of Kleindeutschland . For instance the Prussians , who by 1880 accounted for nearly one-third of the city's German-born population, were most heavily concentrated in the city's Tenth Ward. Germans from Hessen-Nassau tended to live in

319-716: The Thirteenth Ward in the 1860s and in the ensuing decades moved northward to the borders of the Eleventh and Seventeenth Wards. Germans from Baden by the 1880s tended to favor living in the Thirteenth Ward, and Württembergers began by the 1860s to migrate northward into the Seventeenth Ward. The Bavarians (including Palatines from the Palatinate region of western Germany on the Rhine River , which

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348-734: The Township of Alnwick/Haldimand A former neighborhood in Lake City, Seattle , Washington "Little Germany", a political group in Cambridge that met at the White Horse Tavern during the English Reformation See also [ edit ] Germantown (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

377-536: The artistic treats, from classical drama to puppet comedies, were available. On June 15, 1904, St Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church organized their 17th annual picnic to commemorate the end of the school year. A large paddlewheeler , the General Slocum , was chartered for a cruise on the East River to a picnic site on Long Island, and over 1,300 passengers, mostly women and children, participated in

406-498: The center. Avenue B, occasionally called the German Broadway, was the commercial artery. Each basement was a workshop, every first floor was a store, and the partially roofed sidewalks were markets for goods of all sorts. Avenue A was the street for beer halls, oyster saloons and groceries. The Bowery was the western border (anything further west was totally foreign), but it was also the amusement and loafing district. There all

435-468: The desire to find a culprit, conflicting public opinion, and family quarrels among survivors about the distribution of money from a relief fund led the culture of Little Germany to turn sour. The final indignity was the jury's refusal to find Captain Van Schaick guilty of manslaughter; one of the only things he was ever punished for was lack of safety-preparedness, which was sufficient for him to receive

464-409: The era's bakers and cabinet makers were Germans or of German origin, and many Germans also worked in the construction business. Educated Germans such as Joseph Wedemeyer, Oswald Ottendorfer and Friedrich Sorge were important players in the creation and growth of trade unions , and many Germans and their Vereine (German American clubs) were also often politically active. Oswald Ottendorfer who

493-492: The event. Shortly after departing, a fire started in a storage compartment in the forward section. Although the ship was equipped with lifeboats and preservers , both were in disrepair. The inadequacy of the safety equipment, compounded with the poor leadership of Captain William Van Schaick, caused an estimated 1,021 passengers to die by fire or drowning. Although only one percent of Little Germany's population

522-565: The loss of more than 1,000 lives. Beginning in the 1840s, large numbers of German immigrants entering the United States provided a constant population influx for Little Germany. In the 1850s alone, 800,000 Germans passed through New York. By 1855 New York had the third largest German population of any city in the world, outranked only by Berlin and Vienna . The German immigrants differed from others in that they usually were educated and had marketable skills in crafts. More than half of

551-578: The most distinctive characteristic of their settlement pattern remained that they would be found wherever the Prussians were fewest. In 1845, Little Germany was already the largest German-American neighborhood in New York; by 1855, its German population had more than quadrupled, displacing the American-born workers who had first moved into the neighborhood's new housing, and at the beginning of

580-510: The neighborhood, initially in the interiors of blocks, reached by alleyways. There were major commercial streets including department stores. Stanley Nadel quotes a description of the neighborhood at its peak in the 1870s: At the beginning of the '70s, after a decade of continuously rising immigration, Kleindeutschland was in its fullest bloom. Kleindeutschland, called Dutchtown by the Irish, consisted of 400 blocks formed by some six avenues and nearly forty streets. Tompkins Square formed pretty much

609-703: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little_Germany&oldid=1030725057 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing German-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Little Germany, New York Little Germany , known in German as Kleindeutschland and Deutschländle and called Dutchtown by contemporary non-Germans,

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638-775: Was 19 when the revolutions of 1848 in the German states began. He joined a group of armed revolutionaries in Saxony, but they were quickly suppressed by Pomeranian troops and Sorge was forced to take refuge in Switzerland. He returned to Germany and joined the Karlsruhe Freikorps . His unit fought the Prussians in Baden and the Palatinate, losing both times. In June 1849 Sorge again took refuge in Switzerland. Sorge

667-606: Was a German communist political leader who emigrated to the United States , where he played an important role in the labor movement, including the foundation of the Socialist Labor Party of America . Friedrich Adolph Sorge was born on 9 November 1828 in Bethau , Kingdom of Prussia , son of the Reverend Georg Sorge and Hedwig Lange. His father was a free-thinking person, and often gave shelter to Polish revolutionaries travelling from France and Belgium to Poland. He

696-539: Was a German immigrant neighborhood on the Lower East Side and East Village neighborhoods of Manhattan in New York City . The demography of the neighborhood began to change in the late 19th century, as non-German immigrants settled in the area. A steady decline of Germans among the population was accelerated in 1904, when the General Slocum disaster decimated the social core of the population with

725-583: Was condemned to death in Germany for his role in the revolution. In 1851 he was expelled by the Swiss and moved to Belgium. In March 1852 he was expelled from Belgium and moved to London, where he caught cholera. After recovering he boarded a ship for New York, arriving in June 1852. He became a music teacher, married and settled in Hoboken, New Jersey . In 1857 he joined Albert Komp and Abraham Jacobi in forming

754-558: Was eventually bounded by 14th Street on the north, Grand Street on the south, Broadway on the west, and the East River on the east. As well, the new mix of immigrants coming in changed the character of the area, so that what had been Kleindeutschland began to transform into the Lower East Side . The Slocum disaster accelerated the process, as in its wake, much of the remaining German population moved, to Yorkville and elsewhere. Notes Friedrich Sorge Friedrich Adolph Sorge (9 November 1828 – 26 October 1906)

783-575: Was killed by the disaster, those lost were members of the most established families, the social foundation of Little Germany's community, and the extent of the disaster had enormous repercussions on the St Mark's parish. The disaster as well as the accelerated exodus that was already well underway and the future anti-German sentiment that would occur during World War I would lead Kleindeutschland to extinction. Some bereaved parents, spouses, children, and friends committed suicide. To further complicate matters,

812-577: Was subject to the King of Bavaria), the largest group of German immigrants in the city by 1860, were distributed evenly in each German ward except the Prussian Tenth. Aside from the small group of Hanoverians , who had a strong sense of self-segregation forming their own "Little Hanover" in the Thirteenth Ward, the Bavarians displayed the strongest regional bias, mainly toward Prussians: at all times

841-510: Was the owner-editor of the Staats-Zeitung , New York's largest German-language newspaper, was among the wealthiest and most socially prominent German-Americans in the city. He also became the undisputed leader of the newly important German Democracy, which would help Fernando Wood recapture the mayor's office in 1861 and elect Godfrey Gunther as mayor in 1863. At the time, Germans tended to cluster more than other immigrants, such as

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