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82-560: Shakopee Lake near Mille Lacs Lake was named after one of the early Dakota chiefs named Shakpe. The city of Shakopee, Minnesota was named after Chief Shakopee II when it was first founded in 1851. The Little Six Casino operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in Shakopee, Minnesota is named after Chief Shakopee III. Historian Doane Robinson mentioned an Ojibwe (Chippewa) attack "at

164-579: A day of peaceful trading between the Ojibwe and the Dakota Sioux. The Ojibwe warrior Strong Earth demanded justice from Colonel Josiah Snelling . Furious, Snelling sent out two companies the next morning which quickly rounded up a dozen Dakota. He then threatened to hang the men unless the guilty warriors were handed over within three days. A total of four men were handed over to Snelling, including two warriors from Shakopee's band, and two Wahpetons from

246-402: A dream. William J. Snelling, son of Colonel Josiah Snelling , was 23 years old at the time of the execution. His first-person account of the execution names only Tooponca Zeze, a member of Shakopee's band, as one of the four men executed. According to Snelling, Tooponca Zeze had been brought in by an old man named Eagle Head, a highly influential man who was not a chief. Shakopee II (d. 1860)

328-463: A gauntlet manned by the Chippewa as part of his punishment: And then the last, "Little Six," whom, at a distance, we children readily recognize from his commanding height and graceful form; he is our friend, and we hope he will get home. He starts; they fire; the smoke clears away, and still he is running. We clap our hands and say, "He will get home!" but, another volley, and our favorite, almost at

410-622: A high of 83 °F (28 °C) in July, although a record low of −37 °F (−38 °C) was recorded in January 1970 and a record high of 110 °F (43 °C) was recorded in July 1988. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 0.86 inches (22 mm) in December to 4.24 inches (108 mm) in June. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,088 people, 5,361 households, and 3,597 families in

492-579: A house at what he called "Prairieville" in 1847, and lived there until he died in 1891. Pond went on to found the oldest church in Shakopee, the First Presbyterian Church, in 1855. Although Pond held "Shakpay" in high regard for his oratorical skills, he also described as an enigmatic man who was "at the same time admired and despised by all who knew him." As a speaker in council he had no equal among his contemporary chiefs. But while

574-726: A military excursion up the Mississippi River to the Falls of St. Anthony near the confluence with the Minnesota River . As a result of his recommendations, the Army established Fort Snelling to guard against Native American incursions against settlers in the Upper Mississippi Valley . Long recorded his experiences of the expedition in a journal, which was first published as Voyage in a Six-oared Skiff to

656-666: A month, Long returned to the east coast, and by the following May, his orders had changed. The Yellowstone Expedition had become a costly failure and so instead of exploring the Missouri River, President James Monroe decided to have Long lead an expedition up the Platte River to the Rocky mountains and back along the border with the Spanish colonies. Exploring that border was vital, since John Quincy Adams had just concluded

738-527: A series of explorations conceived of by Lewis Cass and implemented by David Bates Douglass , Henry Schoolcraft , and others besides Major Long. The 1823 expedition was denoted primarily as a scientific reconnaissance (one of its members was geologist William H. Keating ) and an evaluation of trade possibilities, but probably had undisclosed military objectives as well, and certainly was viewed with suspicion by British authorities in Canada. This expedition for

820-536: A suitable alternative. In early 1850 Long's objections to the location were rebuffed. Senator Solon Borland, ignoring Long's objections to the location of Napoleon, reported to the Corps of Topographical Engineers that the situation at Napoleon had been discussed before the bill which would create the Marine Hospital at Napoleon was passed. The erection of the hospital at Napoleon without delay was then ordered. In

902-699: A survey of a route inland from the shores of the Penobscot Bay at Belfast, Maine to Quebec for the proposed Belfast & Quebec Railroad which had been chartered by the State of Maine on March 6, 1836. In his report to Governor Robert P. Dunlap of Maine, Col. Long recommended a route into Quebec of 227 miles from "Belfast to the Forks of the Kennebec, and by a line of levels thence to the Canadian line." However

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984-532: A then provision in the Maine Constitution which prohibited public loans for purposes such as building railroads as well as the financial panic of 1837 intervened to kill the project. Colonel Long received a leave of absence to work on the newly incorporated Western & Atlantic Railroad in Georgia . His yearly salary was established at $ 5,000, the contract was signed May 12, 1837, and he served as

1066-739: A time was joined by the Italian adventurer Giacomo Beltrami , who argued with Long and left the expedition near Fort Garry. The 1823 expedition encouraged American traders to push into the fur trade in Northern Minnesota and Dakota, and fostered the development of the Red River Trails and a colorful chapter of ox cart trade between the Red River Colony and Fort Garry via Pembina and the newly developing towns of Mendota and St. Paul . In 1837 Congress authorized

1148-445: Is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota . As of the 2020 census , the population was 12,598. Its county seat is Montevideo . The county was formed in 1862, and was organized in 1868. Chippewa County was organized on March 5, 1868, after having been part of Renville County. The northern boundary change separating it from Swift County led to reorganization on February 18, 1870. The first three county commissioners, appointed by

1230-609: Is called Shakpa, which means six. He inherited his station, and is a distinguished man, ranking in the nation third only to Wapasha and Petit Corbeau. He has but one village; it is situated on the St. Peter, between which river and the Mississippi he hunts. On August 19, 1825, Chief Shakopee signed the 1825 Treaty of Prairie du Chien as "Sha-co-pe (the Sixth)" under the section marked "Sioux." The chiefs and headmen from tribes including

1312-543: Is ironic that the Native tribes had been living there for centuries and that, by the end of the 19th century, the "Great Desert" had become the nation's breadbasket. There were two key results of this expedition—a very accurate description of Native American customs and life as they existed among the Omaha, Otoes, and Pawnees and his description of the land west of the Missouri River as a "desert". Major Long's 1823 expedition up

1394-415: Is near its southeastern corner, section 23 of Rheiderland Township, at 1,142 ft (348 m) The county has a total area of 588 square miles (1,520 km ), of which 581 square miles (1,500 km ) is land and 6.7 square miles (17 km ) (1.1%) is water. In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Montevideo have ranged from a low of 2 °F (−17 °C) in January to

1476-626: The American people . He quoted Shakopee as saying, "Bad Birds", [meaning the British], "have attempted to whisper in my ears. They told me to turn my back upon the smooth face chief [O'Fallon]." According to O'Fallon, Shakopee said that he would reject the advice of the British, and invited him to visit his village the following year with presents and to "drag from among them" the British who were corrupting his young men. In 1819, Major Thomas Forsyth

1558-961: The Dakota Sioux , the Ojibwe , the Sauk and Meskwaki (Fox) , the Menomonee , the Iowa , the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) , and the Odawa gathered at Prairie du Chien . The United States treaty commissioners were Governor William Clark of Missouri Territory and Governor Lewis Cass of Michigan Territory . After lengthy negotiations, the Dakota and Ojibwe tribes finally agreed to define rather complicated boundary lines between their tribes. They also agreed in principle to maintain "a firm and perpetual peace between

1640-791: The Louisiana Purchase . The specific purpose of the voyage was to find the sources of the Platte , Arkansas , and Red rivers. Later, in 1823 he led additional military expeditions into the United States borderlands with Canada, exploring the Upper Mississippi Valley, the Minnesota River , the Red River of the North and across the southern part of Canada. During this time he determined the northern boundary at

1722-466: The Minnesota River (then known as St. Peter's River), to the headwaters of the Red River of the North , down that river to Pembina and Fort Garry , and thence by canoe across British Canada to Lake Huron is sometimes confused with his initial expedition to the Red River in modern-day Texas and Oklahoma. The expedition to the Red River of the North was a separate, later appointment which completed

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1804-555: The Puritan migration to New England . He received an A.B. from Dartmouth College in 1809 and an A.M. from Dartmouth in 1812. In 1814, he was commissioned a lieutenant of engineers in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . Upon the reorganization of the Army in 1816, he was appointed a Major on 16 April and assigned to the Southern Division under Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson as a topographical engineer. In 1817, Major Long headed

1886-882: The Redwood River , where they established their own village. Rice Creek village, as it became known, was technically on U.S. land, but its members let it be known that they were willing to defend the encampment at all costs. The Rice Creek band was looked down upon by the other Lower Sioux Dakota as troublemakers and misfits. However, over time, they attracted others, including some Sissetons and Wahpetons, who wanted to break away from their bands. By early 1862, they had about fifty members, with fifteen tepees. On August 17, 1862, four young Mdewakanton hunters from Rice Creek village killed five Anglo-American settlers in present-day Acton, Minnesota . They returned to Rice Creek village that evening and told Cut Nose and Red Middle Voice, who were supportive of an uprising to drive settlers out of

1968-561: The South Platte River to the Arkansas River watershed. The expedition was then split, and Long led his group towards the Red River. They missed it, ran into hostile Native Americans and had to eventually eat their own horses to survive before they finally met the other part of the expedition at Fort Smith (now a city on the western border of the state of Arkansas). In his report of the 1820 expedition, Long wrote that

2050-690: The Treaty of St. Peters , which granted the United States approximately 100,000 acres of land at the mouth of the Minnesota River , for the purposes of building a fort. Historian Gary Clayton Anderson suggests that the two chiefs who did sign the treaty, Little Crow I and Penichon, probably had the best claims to the land which would later form the Fort Snelling military reservation. In 1816, American treaty commissioners met with nearly ten eastern Sioux chiefs and headmen in St. Louis to negotiate peace following

2132-479: The U.S.–Canadian border to Pembina . There, they were arrested by Major Edwin A. C. Hatch and taken back to Fort Snelling . Little Six faced trial by a military commission in December 1864 and was executed by hanging on November 11, 1865. The Little Six Casino operated by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community in Shakopee, Minnesota is named after him. By the time Little Six became chief in 1860, almost all bands of Dakota who had ceded their lands to

2214-480: The War of 1812 and to reaffirm the terms of Pike's 1805 treaty. However, Shakopee's name does not appear as a signatory to the 1816 treaty, which was signed instead by Mdewakanton chiefs such as Tatankamani (Red Wing II) , Bad Hail and Penichon. In the fall of 1817, Chief Shakopee went to Prairie du Chien to meet with U.S. Indian agent Benjamin O'Fallon . O'Fallon reported that Shakopee expressed strong friendship for

2296-665: The 49th parallel at Pembina. In that same year, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society . Following his official military expeditions, Major Long spent several years on detached duty as a consulting engineer with various railroads. Initially he helped to survey and build the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad . In 1826, he received his first patent for his work on railroad steam locomotives. Long received many more patents for locomotive design and worked with other Army engineers in planning and building

2378-522: The Civil War, and he became Colonel of the Corps in 1861 until its merger back into the U.S. Corps of Engineers in 1863. He died in Alton, Illinois in 1864. Like most engineers, Long was college-trained, interested in searching for order in the natural world, and willing to work with the modern technology of the time. Topographical engineers had basically two unique points of view that set them apart from

2460-520: The Dakota warriors were intent on killing them. His mother stood up in the wagon, waved her shawl, and shouted loudly in Dakota that "she was a Sisseton – a relative of Wanataan , Scarlet Plume, Sweetcorn, Ah-kee-pah [Akipa] and the friend of Standing Buffalo, that she had come down this way for protection and hoped to get it." Nevertheless, Cut Nose, Little Six and Dowanniye were among the first to run toward them, "shaking their bloody tomahawks menacingly in [their] faces." They finally stopped when one of

2542-638: The Falls of St. Anthony , by the Minnesota Historical Society in 1860. In March 1819 he married Martha Hodgkiss of Philadelphia, the sister of Isabella Hodgkiss Norvell, wife of US Senator John Norvell . Soon afterwards he led the scientific contingent of the 1819 Yellowstone Expedition to explore the Missouri River. In 1820 he was appointed to lead an alternative expedition through the American West , exploring areas acquired in

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2624-484: The Little Rapids of the Minnesota River . Snelling turned the men over to the Ojibwe, who told them to run for their lives before executing them. Charlotte Van Cleve, the daughter of Major Nathan Clark, was eight years old at the time of the execution at Fort Snelling. According to her memoirs published in 1888, a total of five men were executed in punishment for the murders. Van Cleve names "Little Six" as one of

2706-551: The Minnesota at the county's southern border. The Dry Weather Creek drains the west-central part of the county into the Chippewa, while the Palmer Creek drains the lower central part of the county into the Minnesota near the county's southernmost point. The county terrain consists of low rolling hills, devoted to agriculture. The terrain generally slopes to the south, and locally to the river valleys. The county's highest point

2788-435: The Ojibwe were willing to be governed by the boundaries established in the treaty, and the tribes quickly reverted back to their previous pattern of hostilities. On May 27, 1827, several Mdewakanton and Wahpeton warriors fired into an Ojibwe encampment that had been set up just below the walls of Fort Snelling , killing two including one young girl, and severely wounding at least six others. The incident occurred shortly after

2870-461: The Plains from Nebraska to Oklahoma were "unfit for cultivation and of course uninhabitable by a people depending upon agriculture." On the map he made of his explorations, he called the area a "Great Desert." Long felt the area labeled the "Great Desert" would be better suited as a buffer against the Spanish, British, and Russians, who shared the continent with the United States. He also commented that

2952-461: The Sioux and Chippewas." Chief Shakopee was among the Dakota representatives who spoke at the council in support of a general feeling of fellowship with the other tribes, along with Chief Wabasha II , Chief Little Crow I, and Tatankamani (Red Wing II) . However, the treaty failed to achieve its goal of establishing a lasting intertribal peace. Within months, it became clear that neither the Dakota nor

3034-600: The Six" on July 10, and found that most of the Dakota who lived there were away on a hunting expedition. At this time, he reported that Shakopee's village was on the north side of the Minnesota River. The village would later move to the south side of the river, to where present-day Shakopee, Minnesota is today. William H. Keating, who accompanied Long on the expedition but traveled in a separate boat, referred to Shakopee's band as "Taoapa," and wrote: The chief of this part

3116-579: The Spring of 1850 Long requested $ 10,250 in order to begin construction at Napoleon but it wasn't until August that construction finally started thanks to flooding which hampered building the foundation and cellar. Delays continued to dog the construction and by the Spring of 1851 the supervisor wrote Long suggesting suspension of the work as contracts were expiring due to delays and sickness had been rampant thanks to Spring floods. Work resumed in October 1851 and

3198-467: The Taoapa and they had the largest village on the Minnesota River , located in the 1820s on the river's north bank, later moved to the south bank in present-day Shakopee. According to a popular narrative by Charlotte Van Cleve , Shakopee (or Old Shakopee's son, "Little Six") was executed in 1827 while running a gauntlet at Fort Snelling , as punishment for an attack on the Ojibwe . However, Van Cleve

3280-546: The U.S. in the Treaties of 1851 and 1858 had moved to reservations bordering the upper Minnesota River . Shakopee's band was located more than one mile west of the mouth of the Redwood River . According to Reverend Samuel W. Pond, Chief Little Six struggled to gain influence over his band. Little Six was inexperienced compared to his more charismatic uncle, Red Middle Voice ("Hochokaduta"). According to Pond, Red Middle Voice had surrounded himself with strongmen while his brother

3362-411: The advice he gave was generally good, the example set by him was often pernicious. He was of a nervous, excitable temperament... He was not remarkably malicious or revengeful and was easily reconciled to those who had offended him. At times he seemed magnanimous, and some of his speeches contained sage counsel and noble sentiments; but falsehood and truth were both alike to him, and he was often detected in

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3444-409: The age of 18 living with them, 57.00% were married couples living together, 6.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.90% were non-families. 29.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.96. The county population contained 25.40% under

3526-467: The age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 24.50% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 20.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.30 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 35,582, and the median income for a family was $ 45,160. Males had a median income of $ 30,556 versus $ 20,384 for females. The per capita income for

3608-613: The architect of the Washington Monument. Long was commissioned to build the Marine Hospital at Napoleon, Arkansas in 1849. Napoleon, Arkansas was situated at the southern mouth of the Arkansas River. After a completing a survey Long had objections to building at Napoleon because of the tendency for flooding and likelihood that the town would face destruction in the future thanks to the unwieldy Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers. He had petitioned for Helena, Arkansas to be

3690-866: The building of seven Marine Hospitals. Long was commissioned to build the first hospital for the Treasury Department at Louisville, Kentucky. Long had been commissioned to build the hospital along with his other duties but construction would be delayed until the Mexican War was over. It wasn't until the end of 1845 that work finally began. During the completion of the Louisville Marine Hospital, Long would also start work on building similar Marine Hospitals in Paducah, Kentucky; Natchez, Louisiana and Napoleon, Arkansas. These Marine Hospitals were based upon plans provided by Robert Mills,

3772-528: The chief engineer for the W&;A until November 3, 1840. He arrived in north Georgia in late May and his surveying began in July and by November he had submitted an initial report which the construction followed almost exactly. In 1838 he was appointed to a position in the newly separated U.S. Corps of Topographical Engineers. Like most of their officers Major Long remained loyal to the Federal government during

3854-426: The commission of petty thefts... At the same time, Samuel Pond suggested that Chief Shakopee II could have prevented the initial attacks in the Dakota uprising of 1862, if he had been alive, a view that was also expressed separately by Chief Big Eagle . Pond explained: Shakpay died before the massacre of the whites; if he had been living at the time, he might perhaps have prevented it, for his influence with his people

3936-422: The county since George W. Bush in 2000, receiving 60.5% of the vote. 45°02′N 95°34′W  /  45.03°N 95.56°W  / 45.03; -95.56 Stephen Harriman Long Stephen Harriman Long (December 30, 1784 – September 4, 1864) was an American army civil engineer, explorer, and inventor. As an inventor, he is noted for his developments in the design of steam locomotives. He

4018-471: The county was $ 18,039. About 4.80% of families and 8.60% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.80% of those under age 18 and 9.30% of those age 65 or over. Chippewa County voters have tended to vote Democratic in recent decades. As of 2020 the county has selected the Democratic nominee in 67% of presidential elections since 1980. Donald Trump was the first Republican nominee to win

4100-565: The county. The population density was 22.5 per square mile (8.7/km ). There were 5,855 housing units at an average density of 10.1 per square mile (3.9/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 96.78% White , 0.18% Black or African American , 1.00% Native American , 0.30% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.94% from other races , and 0.79% from two or more races. 1.92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 37.8% were of Norwegian and 36.8% German ancestry. There were 5,361 households, out of which 31.20% had children under

4182-526: The east side of the Chippewa River, where he built a log house in Montevideo. With towns on both sides of the river, there was debate over which should be the county seat. L. R. Moyer reported that some men from Montevideo went to Chippewa City and took the county records, "lock, stock and barrel". They also stole the post office, and G. W. Fink was named postmaster. The state of Minnesota legalized

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4264-438: The eastern wooded portion of the country should be filled up before the republic attempted any further extension westward. He commented that sending settlers to that area was out of the question. Given the technology of the 1820s, Long was right. There was little timber for houses or fuel, minimal surface water, sandy soil, hard winters, vast herds of bison , resident Native Americans, and no easy means of communication. However, it

4346-587: The first recorded ascent of Pikes Peak during this expedition. On June 6, 1820, they traveled up the north bank of the Platte and met Pawnee and Otoe people. On October 14, 1820, 400 Omaha assembled at a meeting with Long, where Chief Big Elk made the following speech: Long wrote that the Pawnee people were "respectable." After finding and naming Longs Peak and the Rocky Mountains , they journeyed up

4428-604: The five-week Dakota War of 1862 . At daylight on August 18, 1862, warriors marched south toward the Lower Sioux Agency . The majority were from the bands of Red Middle Voice and Shakopee, but warriors from other Lower Sioux bands eventually joined them. Historian Gary Clayton Anderson writes that it is difficult to identify which warriors committed murders on the first day, but concludes that Cut Nose and Little Six were both involved, based on survivor narratives from Justina Boelter and Samuel Brown . In his narrative of

4510-522: The goal, springs into the air and comes down—dead! I cover my face, and shed tears of real sorrow for our friend... We talk with quivering lips and tearful eyes of "Little Six," and the many kind things he has done for us—the bows and arrows, the mocauks of sugar, the pretty beaded moccasins he has given us; and we wish, oh! we wish he could have run faster, or that the Chippewa rifles had missed fire. And we sleep and dream of scalps, and rifles, and war-whoops, and frightful yells, and wake wishing it had all been

4592-473: The governor, were Daniel S. Wilkins, Ole Thorson and M. Davidson. The county commissioners first met at Wilkins's cabin on January 9, 1869. Wilkins was appointed chairman of the board. The first officers appointed were J.D. Baker as auditor; J.C. Eldred as register of deeds; Samuel J. Sargant as treasurer; George W. Daniels as judge of probate; Edward Alcorn as sheriff; J.D. Baker as superintendent of schools; Horace W. Griggs as coroner; George W. Frink as justice of

4674-727: The major chiefs in the Mdewakanton and Wahpekute treaty delegation. Annuities of food and money were to be distributed from the federal government to the Indians as part of the treaty, but several years later after the outbreak of the American Civil War , United States broke their treaty obligations. The Battle of Shakopee took place in 1858, and was the last major conflict between the Dakota and Ojibwe. Dozens of warriors engaged in fighting, resulting in deaths on both sides, with no clear victor. The death of "Old Shakopee"

4756-431: The men executed, but this is not confirmed by any of the other eyewitness accounts, nor by historians. Historian Doane Robinson suggested it was possible that "Little Six, a son of Old Shakopee's," was among the warriors who fired on the encampment, but stopped short of confirming that he was executed. In her vivid account of the execution, Charlotte Van Cleve recalls "Little Six" fondly and describes how bravely he ran

4838-570: The men, Little Crow and the soldiers' lodge might order to have them killed. After further negotiations – including Susan Brown's threat to bring down the wrath of the entire Sisseton and Wahpeton tribes if the other men were harmed – the warriors relented and let the five men go. The Brown family was then taken to Rice Creek village. During the journey, they encountered the corpses of three men and one woman, whom Cut Nose confirmed they had killed earlier. Shakopee Lake Chippewa County ( / ˈ tʃ ɪ p ə ˌ w ɑː / CHIP -ə- WAH )

4920-478: The mouth of the St. Peter's (Minnesota River) . He reported feeling offended by Shakopee's aggressiveness. In a journal entry dated July 26, Forsyth wrote: Yesterday evening three chiefs arrived with many followers, viz: The Six, whose village is thirty miles up the river St. Peter's; the Arrow, twenty-four miles still higher, and the Killiew (thus named from a species of eagle) whose village is six miles still higher. They wished to go about business immediately; but it

5002-405: The move and Montevideo remains the county seat. The upper part of the county's western boundary is formed by the outline of Lac qui Parle reservoir, which was formed when the Minnesota River was dammed in 1939. The Minnesota River flows southeast from the lake, along the county's southwestern border, while the Chippewa River flows south through the western part of the county to discharge into

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5084-472: The other pioneers — geographical and technological. In 1818 he was appointed to organize a scientific contingent to accompany soldiers of Col. Henry Atkinson 's command on the Yellowstone Expedition (sometimes called the Atkinson-Long Expedition). This was planned to explore the upper Missouri, and Long spent the autumn designing the construction of an experimental steamboat for the venture, Western Engineer . Departing from St. Louis in June 1819, it

5166-497: The peace; and F.W. Palmer and M. Morris as constables. Chippewa City was the first village to be laid out in Chippewa County. It was on the west side of the Chippewa River, just north of the confluence with the Minnesota River. Daniel S. Wilkins was the first settler to arrive in 1865, and he laid out Chippewa City in autumn 1868. Wilkins's cabin there was the location of the first county commissioners' meeting. George W. Frink arrived in Chippewa County in 1867 and made claim to land on

5248-437: The railroad. Long also received patents in 1830 and 1839 for pre-stressing the trusses used in wooden covered bridges. In 1832, along with William Norris and several other business partners, he formed the American Steam Carriage Company . The business was dissolved in 1834 due to the difficulties in placing Long's locomotive designs into production. From June to November, 1836, Long led two parties of about 15 each to conduct

5330-430: The region. Together with 100 warriors, Red Middle Voice went eight miles downstream to recruit his nephew, Little Six. Little Six, in turn, resolved that an all-out war would only be possible with the backing of Chief Little Crow III . Although Little Crow initially scoffed at the idea, the group convinced him to lead them. Little Crow then ordered an attack on the Lower Sioux Agency the next morning, setting into motion

5412-443: The same I told the Leaf [Wabasha]; and in all cases I had to give each band a little whisky. These are the last Indians I am to see in this quarter; therefore, I am done with the Sioux for this year. In 1823, Major Stephen Harriman Long returned to the Minnesota River on a scientific expedition, together with geologist William H. Keating , naturalist Thomas Say , and topographer James Edward Calhoun. Long arrived at "the village of

5494-400: The slow pace continued over the next three years. By August 1854 the hospital was finally finished but apparently the hospital did not accept its first patients until 1855. The city of Napoleon would be burned in 1862 by General Sherman, but the hospital survived. Federal Forces did not use the hospital for its intended purpose, instead patients were sent elsewhere. While the hospital did survive

5576-424: The treaty with Spain, which drew a new U.S. border to the Pacific. Major Long was the leader of the first scientific exploration up the Platte , which planned to study the geography and natural resources of the area. His party of 19 men included landscape painter Samuel Seymour, naturalist painter Titian Peale , zoologist Thomas Say and Edwin James , a physician knowledgeable in both geology and botany. James led

5658-411: The village of old Shakopee, the father of the Shakopee of 1812" which occurred in 1769, about one year after the Battle at Crow Wing. The chief usually referred to today as Shakopee I was known to American explorers and Indian agents as the third-highest ranking leader of the Mdewakanton Dakota , after Chief Wabasha II and Chief Little Crow I. He was the chief of a band of Mdewakanton Sioux called

5740-429: The war it wouldn't last long. Long's observations and objections had been accurate. By March 11, 1868, the river had eroded the land to 52 feet from the hospital's doors. Less than a month later, and nearly four years after Long's death, a corner of the hospital fell into the Mississippi River. The entire town of Napoleon was swallowed twenty-eight years after Long first objected to building the hospital at Napoleon. Of

5822-423: The war, Sam Brown described the capture of his family by Little Six, Cut Nose, Dowanniye and others near their home, which was about eight miles east of the Upper Sioux Agency . On August 19, 1862, Sam Brown, his mother Susan Frenier Brown, his siblings, and other families were in wagons heading for Fort Ridgely , when they were stopped and surrounded on the road by a large Dakota war party. According to Brown,

5904-434: The warriors recognized Susan Brown and declared that her life, and the lives of her family members, should be spared. She had taken the man in during the previous winter when he was freezing, and he wished to repay her kindness. The warriors then turned their attention to five of the white men who were with them and insisted on killing only them. They explained that they had all taken a vow the day before, and that if they spared

5986-417: Was a Mdewakanton Dakota chief who was known as "The Orator of the Sioux." He was described by Reverend Samuel W. Pond of the First Presbyterian Church of Shakopee as "a man of marked ability in council and one of the ablest and most effective orators in the whole Dakota Nation." He was also called "Little Six" during his lifetime. The city of Shakopee, Minnesota was named after Chief Shakopee II when it

6068-671: Was also one of the most prolific explorers of the early 1800s, although his career as an explorer was relatively short-lived. He covered over 26,000 miles in five expeditions, including a scientific expedition in the Great Plains area, which he famously confirmed as a "Great Desert" (leading to the term "the Great American Desert "). Long was born in Hopkinton, New Hampshire , the son of Moses and Lucy (Harriman) Long. Long's Puritan ancestors came from England during

6150-681: Was announced on October 16, 1860 in the St. Paul Pioneer and Democrat. Shakopee III (1811 – 11 November 1865) was a Mdewakanton Dakota chief who was involved at the start of the Dakota War of 1862 . Born Eatoka , which means "Another Language," he became known as Shakpedan or Little Six after the death of his father in 1860. Following the Dakota uprising in Minnesota , Little Six fled to Rupert's Land in present-day Manitoba , Canada . In January 1864, chiefs Little Six and Medicine Bottle were drugged, captured and transported across

6232-406: Was eight years old at the time, and her version of events has not been confirmed by historians, nor by other eyewitness accounts. Chief Shakopee was one of the seven Dakota who attended a council with U.S. Lieutenant Zebulon Pike on September 23, 1805. Pike, whose written French was full of errors, referred to Shakopee in his journal as "Le Demi Douzen." Shakopee, however, did not end up signing

6314-478: Was first founded in 1851. In 1846, Chief Shakopee II invited missionary Samuel Pond to move to his village, Tintonwan, near present-day Shakopee, Minnesota . Shakopee asked Pond to open a school and mission on the recommendation of Oliver Faribault, the "mixed-blood" son of trader Jean-Baptiste Faribault . Shakopee promised that children from his village would attend the school, and that Pond would be provided with pasture and fuel. Pond finally consented and built

6396-557: Was great and he always advocated the cultivation of peace and friendship with the white people. He sometimes alarmed the timid by the use of threatening language, but never seemed disposed to do serious injury to anyone. With all his faults, he was neither quarrelsome nor vindictive. Shakopee was a signatory to the Treaty of Mendota of August 5, 1851, (as "Sha-k'pay"); he and other Dakota chiefs were pressured into selling 24 million acres (97,000 km) for pennies an acre. In 1858, Chief Shakopee traveled to Washington, D.C. as one of

6478-634: Was sent by the United States Department of War to visit the Sioux Indians to distribute approximately US$ 2,000 worth of goods as payment for lands ceded to the U.S. in the 1805 treaty signed with Pike (also known as " Pike's Purchase "). Forsyth, who was generally unimpressed with the upper Mississippi River valley, was highly critical of most of the Dakota he met during his expedition. On July 26, 1819, while recovering from illness, he met with Chief Shakopee and two other leaders at

6560-408: Was still alive, and exerted "chief control over the band after he was dead," even though he was not formally recognized as chief. Red Middle Voice ("Hocokayaduta") gained support among disaffected members of Shakopee's band who were unhappy with living conditions on the reservation. He broke from his brother's band and led his supporters to the north side of Rice Creek, some distance above the mouth of

6642-484: Was the first steamboat to travel up the Missouri River into the Louisiana Purchase, and the first steamboat to have a stern paddle wheel. On September 17, Long's party arrived at Fort Lisa , a trading fort belonging to William Clark 's Missouri Fur Company . It was about five miles south of Council Bluffs , Iowa. Long's group built their winter quarters nearby and called it " Engineer Cantonment ." Within

6724-422: Was too late. This morning we met and had some talk, but I by no means liked the countenance of Mr. Six, nor did I like his talk; I gave them the remainder of my goods, yet the Six wanted more. Not having any more, they had to do without. I found on enquiring that Mr. Six is a good-for-nothing fellow, and rather gives bad counsel to his young men than otherwise. In all my talks with those Indians, I generally told them

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