24-520: LibraryThing is a social cataloging web application for storing and sharing book catalogs and various types of book metadata . It is used by authors, individuals, libraries, and publishers. Based in Portland, Maine , LibraryThing was developed by Tim Spalding and went live on August 29, 2005, on a freemium subscriber business model, because "it was important to have customers, not an 'audience' we sell to advertisers." They focused instead on making
48-779: A website to seem more like a native app. The concept of a "web application" was first introduced in the Java language in the Servlet Specification version 2.2, which was released in 1999. At that time, both JavaScript and XML had already been developed, but the XMLHttpRequest object had only been recently introduced on Internet Explorer 5 as an ActiveX object. Beginning around the early 2000s, applications such as " Myspace (2003), Gmail (2004), Digg (2004), [and] Google Maps (2005)," started to make their client sides more and more interactive. A web page script
72-418: A database that stores data and determines the structure of a user interface. Essentially, when using the three-tiered system, the web browser sends requests to the engine, which then services them by making queries and updates against the database and generates a user interface. The 3-tier solution may fall short when dealing with more complex applications, and may need to be replaced with the n-tiered approach;
96-409: A record not be available from any of these sources, it is also possible to input the book information manually via a blank form. Each work may comprise different editions, translations, printings, audio versions, etc. Members are encouraged to add publicly visible reviews, descriptions, Common Knowledge and other information about a work; ratings, collections, and tags help categorization. Discussion in
120-482: A series of products for academic libraries. Motivated by the cataloguing opportunities and financial challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the service went "free to all" on March 8, 2020, while maintaining a promise never to use advertising on registered users. As of February 2021, it has 2,600,000 users and more than 155 million books catalogued, drawing data from Amazon and from thousands of libraries that use
144-411: Is application software that is created with web technologies and runs via a web browser . Web applications emerged during the late 1990s and allowed for the server to dynamically build a response to the request, in contrast to static web pages . Web applications are commonly distributed via a web server . There are several different tier systems that web applications use to communicate between
168-436: Is a web application designed to help users to catalog things such as books, films, music albums, etc. owned or otherwise of interest to them. The phrase refers to two characteristics that generally arise from a multi-user cataloging environment: The ability to share catalogs and interact with others based upon shared items; The enrichment or improvement of cataloging description through either explicit cooperation in
192-504: Is able to contact the server for storing/retrieving data without downloading an entire web page. The practice became known as Ajax in 2005. In earlier computing models like client-server, the processing load for the application was shared between code on the server and code installed on each client locally. In other words, an application had its own pre-compiled client program which served as its user interface and had to be separately installed on each user's personal computer . An upgrade to
216-414: Is an important part of any web application, and there are some key operational areas that must be included in the development process. This includes processes for authentication, authorization, asset handling, input, and logging and auditing. Building security into the applications from the beginning is sometimes more effective and less disruptive in the long run. Writing web applications is simplified with
240-521: Is majority owned by founder Tim Spalding. Online bookseller AbeBooks bought a 40% share in LibraryThing in May 2006 for an undisclosed sum. AbeBooks became a subsidiary of Amazon in 2008. In January 2009, Cambridge Information Group acquired a minority stake in LibraryThing, and their subsidiary Bowker became the official distributor to libraries. At the end of June 2006, LibraryThing was subject to
264-458: The Slashdot effect from a Wall Street Journal article. The site's developers added servers to compensate for the increased traffic. In December of the same year, the site received yet more attention from Slashdot over its UnSuggester feature, which draws suggestions from books least likely to appear in the same catalog as a given book. Social cataloging application From Misplaced Pages,
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#1732773341342288-662: The Z39.50 cataloguing protocol. The primary feature of LibraryThing (LT) is the cataloging of books, movies, music and other media by importing data from libraries through Z39.50 connections and from six Amazon.com stores. Library sources supply Dublin Core and MARC records to LT; users can import information from over 2000 libraries, including the British Library , Canadian National Catalogue , Library of Congress , National Library of Australia , and Yale University . Should
312-561: The client machine. In contrast, web applications inherently facilitate a multi-tiered architecture. Though many variations are possible, the most common structure is the three-tiered application. In its most common form, the three tiers are called presentation , application and storage . The first tier, presentation, refers to a web browser itself. The second tier refers to any engine using dynamic web content technology (such as ASP , CGI , ColdFusion , Dart , JSP/Java , Node.js , PHP , Python or Ruby on Rails ). The third tier refers to
336-410: The client table on the database. This allows the underlying database to be replaced without making any change to the other tiers. There are some who view a web application as a two-tier architecture. This can be a "smart" client that performs all the work and queries a "dumb" server, or a "dumb" client that relies on a "smart" server. The client would handle the presentation tier, the server would have
360-491: The collaborative music service Last.fm . Similar book cataloging sites include aNobii , BookLikes , Goodreads , Libib , Shelfari (now merged with Goodreads), and weRead. In 2016, LibraryThing launched TinyCat, an OPAC designed for the cataloging and circulation of libraries of up to 20,000 items. TinyCat is marketed towards small independent libraries, such as schools, community centers, religious institutions, and academic departments, as well as individuals. LibraryThing
384-487: The database (storage tier), and the business logic (application tier) would be on one of them or on both. While this increases the scalability of the applications and separates the display and the database, it still does not allow for true specialization of layers, so most applications will outgrow this model. Security breaches on these kinds of applications are a major concern because it can involve both enterprise information and private customer data. Protecting these assets
408-611: The forums is also encouraged. Items are classified using the Melvil Decimal System, based on the out-of-copyright 1922 edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification with modifications for standard spelling of division names (as opposed to the original names, which were spelled in accordance with Dewey's advocated spelling reforms ), and modernised terminology. LibraryThing's social features have been compared to bookmark manager Del.icio.us and
432-400: The 💕 [REDACTED] This article includes a list of references , related reading , or external links , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations . Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( September 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) A social cataloging application
456-419: The greatest benefit of which is how business logic (which resides on the application tier) is broken down into a more fine-grained model. Another benefit would be to add an integration tier, which separates the data tier and provides an easy-to-use interface to access the data. For example, the client data would be accessed by calling a "list_clients()" function instead of making an SQL query directly against
480-442: The largest applications. Later, in 1995, Netscape introduced the client-side scripting language called JavaScript , which allowed programmers to add dynamic elements to the user interface that ran on the client side. Essentially, instead of sending data to the server in order to generate an entire web page, the embedded scripts of the downloaded page can perform various tasks such as input validation or showing/hiding parts of
504-436: The page. " Progressive web apps ", the term coined by designer Frances Berriman and Google Chrome engineer Alex Russell in 2015, refers to apps taking advantage of new features supported by modern browsers, which initially run inside a web browser tab but later can run completely offline and can be launched without entering the app URL in the browser. Traditional PC applications are typically single-tiered, residing solely on
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#1732773341342528-1164: The production of cataloging metadata or through the analysis of implicit data (e.g. " people who like X also like Y "). References [ edit ] Prato, Stephanie (16 October 2012). "GoodReads and 'Social Cataloging' " . Syracuse University, School of Information Studies. "Catalogación social y crítica de libros" [Social cataloging and book criticism] (in Spanish). Biblioteca de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires. See also [ edit ] Comparison of reference management software List of social bookmarking websites Recommender system Goodreads Letterboxd Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_cataloging_application&oldid=1216562376 " Categories : Library 2.0 Social cataloging applications Web 2.0 Hidden categories: Articles lacking in-text citations from September 2018 All articles lacking in-text citations CS1 Spanish-language sources (es) Web application A web application (or web app )
552-432: The server-side code of the application would typically also require an upgrade to the client-side code installed on each user workstation, adding to the support cost and decreasing productivity . Additionally, both the client and server components of the application were bound tightly to a particular computer architecture and operating system , which made porting them to other systems prohibitively expensive for all but
576-405: The web browsers, the client interface, and server data. Each system has their own uses as they function in different ways. However, there are many security risks that developers must be aware of during development; proper measures to protect user data is vital. Web applications are often constructed with the use of a web application framework . Single-page and progressive are two approaches for
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