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34-669: Later, Librascope became a manufacturer of early digital computers sold in both the business and defense markets. It hired Stan Frankel , a Manhattan Project veteran and early ENIAC programmer, to design the LGP-30 desk computer in 1956. In 1964 Librascope's Avionic Equipment Division at San Marcos has been shifted to the Aerospace Group, GPI as the West Coast facility of the Kearfott Division . Librascope

68-462: A tender offer for 20% of Conoco. More than 50% of Conoco shares were tendered, evidence that shareholders were unhappy, and several companies made their own tender offers to take over Conoco. Cash rich and wanting to diversify, Seagram Company Ltd. engineered a takeover of Conoco. Although Seagram acquired a 32.2% stake in Conoco, DuPont was brought in as a white knight by the oil company and entered

102-469: A calculator called the Diehl Combitron. The Combitron was a desktop printing electronic calculator that was also user programmable. The calculator utilized the concepts behind NIC-NAC's microcoded architecture, loading its microcode into a magnetostrictive delay line at power-up via an internal punched stainless steel tape that contained the microcode. Another magnetostrictive delay line contained

136-597: A group of scientists' wives, including Mary, to perform some of the repetitive calculations using Marchant and Friden desk calculators to divide the massive calculations required for the project. This became Group T-5 under New York University mathematician Donald Flanders when he arrived in the late summer of 1943. Mathematician Dana Mitchell noticed that the Marchant calculators broke under heavy use and persuaded Frankel and Nelson to order IBM 601 punched card machines. This experience led to Frankel' interest in

170-695: A growing presence in Eastern Pennsylvania following taking over the retail contracts of several Gulf locations, while having a complete absence in states such as California and Florida . Continental Oil, originally based in Ogden , Utah was founded by Isaac Elder Blake in 1875 and was acquired by the Standard Oil Company in 1884. Eighteen years after Standard Oil’s dissolution, Marland Oil would acquire Continental, moving its headquarters to Ponca City , Oklahoma , in 1929. As

204-478: A key supplier to the United States government during World War II . Under the leadership of Leonard F. McCollum, Conoco grew from a regional company to a global corporation in the years after World War II. Another rough patch for the company came during the 1970s oil crisis, from which it did not recover until 1981, when Conoco became a subsidiary of former rival DuPont . In 1981, Dome Petroleum made

238-543: Is now known as Monte Carlo analysis . They used techniques that Enrico Fermi had pioneered in the 1930s. Due to a lack of local computing resources, Frankel travelled to England in 1950 to run Alder's project on the Manchester Mark 1 computer. Unfortunately, Alder's thesis advisor was unimpressed, so Alder and Frankel delayed publication of their results until 1955, in the Journal of Chemical Physics . This left

272-748: Is now the current ConocoPhillips headquarters in the Energy Corridor of Houston ; the complex was formerly known as the Conoco Center. The headquarters of Conoco moved to Houston, in 1949. In 1965, the headquarters moved to Manhattan , New York City . In 1972, the headquarters moved to Stamford, Connecticut ; in Stamford Conoco occupied space in the three-story High Ridge Park complex. In 1982, DuPont announced that Conoco's headquarters would move from Stamford to Wilmington, Delaware . The move occurred in 1982. Edward G. Jefferson,

306-529: The Phillips 66 Company. The "Continental Oil and Transportation Company" was founded by Isaac Elder Blake in 1875. Based in Ogden, Utah , the company distributed oil, kerosene , benzene , and other products in the western United States. Continental Oil Company was acquired by Standard Oil Company in 1884, and was subsequently spun off during the Standard Oil divestiture in 1911. The main office

340-620: The SCM Marchant 556PR. Frankel published a number of scientific papers throughout his career. Some of them explored the use of statistical sampling techniques and machine driven solutions. In a 1947 paper in Physical Review , he and Metropolis predicted the utility of computers in replacing manual integration with iterative summation as a problem solving technique. As head of a new Caltech digital computing group he worked with PhD candidate Berni Alder in 1949–1950 to develop what

374-428: The acquisition took effect, Marland favorably phased out its own name and rebranded into the more nationally known Continental and Conoco nameplates. As it became one of the largest oil companies in the United States, Conoco further expanded its operations globally during the 1970s decade. Similar to other oil companies during the 1970s energy crisis , Conoco’s operations were negatively impacted, and so in 1981 Conoco,

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408-535: The affirmative. After losing his security clearance (and thus his job) during the red scare of the early 1950s, Frankel became an independent computer consultant. He was responsible for designing the CONAC computer for the Continental Oil Company during 1954–1957 and the LGP-30 single-user desk computer in 1956, which was licensed from a computer he designed at Caltech called MINAC. The LGP-30

442-527: The bidding war. Mobil Corporation, the nation's second-largest oil company at the time, also joined the bid, and borrowed $ 5 billion to bid for Cocono. In the end, Seagram and Mobil lost out in the Conoco bidding war. In exchange for its stake in Conoco Inc, Seagram became a 24.3% owner of DuPont. By 1995, Seagram was DuPont's largest single shareholder with four seats on the board of directors. In 1998, DuPont sold 30% of Conoco, and in 1999, DuPont sold

476-515: The chairperson of DuPont, said that the headquarters relocation was to bring the head workforces of DuPont and Conoco together. DuPont also announced that it was closing the Conoco offices in Stamford; the lease in the Stamford complex was originally scheduled to expire in 1992. In 1995, Conoco Inc. was awarded a contract by Iran to develop a huge offshore oilfield in the Persian Gulf . It

510-566: The company was sold to Loral Space & Communications in 1992. The division was eventually sold to Lockheed Martin and was eventually absorbed into the Lockheed Martin Federal Systems, but is now called Lockheed Martin NE&;SS—Undersea Systems. This article related to a computer company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Stan Frankel Stanley Phillips Frankel (1919 – May, 1978)

544-479: The design of what became the SCM Cogito 240 and 240SR calculators, Frankel developed a new machine he called NIC-NAC, which was based on a microcoded architecture. NIC-NAC was built in prototype form in his home as a proof-of-concept and the machine worked well. Due to its microcoded implementation, the machine was very efficient in terms the number of components it required. Frankel, though his connections at SCM,

578-607: The early 1950s. Frankel published a paper on measuring the thickness of soap films in the Journal of Applied Physics in 1966. Continental Oil Company Select locations Conoco ( / ˈ k ɒ n ə k oʊ / KON -ə-koh ), formerly known as Continental Oil , is an American petroleum brand that is operating under the ownership of the Phillips 66 Company since 2012 and is headquartered in Houston , Texas . One of

612-536: The largest merger in U.S. history at the time, surpassing that of Shell Oil ’s acquisition of the Belridge Oil Company at USD$ 3.5 billion in 1979. In 1998, DuPont and Conoco announced their intentions to split which was commenced when DuPont sold 30% that year and the remaining 70% in July 1999, officiating their separation. For many years, the company would operate its own refineries until 2002 when it

646-468: The major credit for the technique to a parallel project by a team including Teller and Metropolis who published similar work in the same journal in 1953. In September, 1959, Frankel published a paper in IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers proposing a microwave computer that used travelling-wave tubes as digital storage devices, similar to, but faster than the acoustic delay lines used in

680-551: The ninth-largest oil company at the time, was embroiled in one of the most expensive corporate takeovers in history when the Mobil Corporation and Seagram attempted to acquire the company. DuPont , who was conjured by Ralph Bailey (the CEO of Conoco at the time) was hired as a white knight and would eventually emerge triumphant defending Conoco from the two vendors. DuPont’s acquisition of Conoco at US$ 1.5 billion made it

714-500: The now-familiar capsule logo was adopted. Dan Moran , who succeeded Marland founder E. W. Marland as president of Marland Oil in 1928, became the first president of the merged Conoco. Moran ran Conoco for twenty years, seeing the company through challenges of the great depression, and retiring in 1947. The company ran into early trouble when, shortly after acquisition, it was hit by the Great Crash of October 1929. Conoco became

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748-484: The nuclear research taking place at the time, notably making some of the early calculations relating to the diffusion of neutrons in a critical assembly of uranium with Eldred Nelson . He joined the T (Theoretical) Division of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos in 1943. His wife Mary Frankel was also hired to work as a human computer in the T Division. While at Los Alamos, Frankel and Nelson organized

782-486: The remaining 70% stake it holds in Conoco Inc. When the independent Conoco went public in October 1998, under a retooled name, Continental Oil Company, it resulted in the largest IPO in history. In 2001, Conoco announced it has agreed to buy Gulf Canada for C$ 6.7 billion ($ 4.3 billion). Conoco merged with Phillips Petroleum in 2002 to form ConocoPhillips . Before the merger, Conoco had its headquarters in what

816-457: The several successors of Standard Oil , Conoco was a subsidiary of that company from 1884 until its 1911 divestiture when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled to decouple the monopolized entity. Alongside Phillips 66 and 76 , it operates as one of the major fuel brands of the Phillips 66 Company. Of those two brands, Conoco has a more dominant presence of gas stations in the markets of Colorado , Texas, Montana , Missouri , and Oklahoma , as well as

850-610: The then-dawning field of digital computers . In August 1945, Frankel and Nick Metropolis traveled to the Moore School of Engineering in Pennsylvania to learn how to program the ENIAC computer. That fall they helped design a calculation that would determine the likelihood of being able to develop a fusion weapon. Edward Teller used the ENIAC results to prepare a report in the spring of 1946 that answered this question in

884-462: The working registers, memory registers, and user program. The Combitron design was later augmented to include the ability to attach external input/output devices, with this machine called the Combitron S. Frankel's microcoded architecture would serve as the basis for a number of follow-on calculators developed and marketed by Diehl. SCM later became an OEM customer of Diehl, marketing the Combitron as

918-597: Was an American computer scientist. He worked in the Manhattan Project and developed various computers as a consultant. He was born in Los Angeles , attended graduate school at the University of Rochester , received his PhD in physics from the University of California, Berkeley , and began his career as a post-doctoral student under J. Robert Oppenheimer at University of California, Berkeley in 1942. Frankel helped develop computational techniques used in

952-494: Was completed in 2007 and is located in Ponca City, Oklahoma. Along with sister brands, Phillips 66, and 76, "Conoco" ( IPA: [ˈkɒnəkoʊ] ), is a major American brand of oil and gas station that has been owned by Phillips 66 since 2012 and was originally the brand used by its originator, Conoco Inc., from 1875 to its merger with Phillips Petroleum in 2002. Although the Conoco brand can be used in any state in which

986-428: Was eventually purchased by Singer Corporation and moved into the manufacture of marine systems and land-based C3 (Command, Control, Communication) systems for the international defense industry. The company specialized in fire control systems for torpedoes, though they continued to work on a variety of other smaller military contracts through the 1970s. After Singer was taken over by corporate raider Paul Bilzerian ,

1020-547: Was later moved to Ponca City, Oklahoma , when in 1929, Marland Oil Company (founded by exploration pioneer E. W. Marland ) acquired the Continental Oil Company. Marland Oil acquired the assets (subject to liabilities) of Continental Oil Company for a consideration of 2,317,266 shares of stock. The merged company took the more recognizable Continental name along with the Conoco brand. However, it adopted Marland's red triangle logo, which it retained until 1970

1054-479: Was merged with the Phillips Petroleum Company to form ConocoPhillips . A decade later, ConocoPhillips would divest its downstream operations that consisted of its gas stations operations under the brands of Conoco, Phillips 66 , and 76 . The divestiture would eventually commence and the spin off that contained the downstream operations of ConocoPhillips went under a separate company known as

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1088-546: Was moderately successful, selling over 500 units. He served as a consultant to Packard Bell Computer on the design of the PB-250 computer. Later in his career, he became involved in the development of desktop electronic calculators. The first calculator project he was involved in the development of was the SCM Marchant Cogito 240 and 240SR electronic calculators introduced in 1965. In the interest of improving upon

1122-466: Was put in contact with Diehl, a West-German calculating machine company well-known in Europe for its exquisitely designed electro-mechanical calculators. Diehl wanted to break into the electronic calculator marketplace, but did not have the expertise itself. Frankel was contracted to develop a desktop electronic calculator for Diehl, and moved to West Germany to undertake the project. The project resulted in

1156-466: Was the first energy agreement involving Iran and the United States since Washington severed relations with Tehran in 1980. The contract was signed after three years of negotiations. However, the company dropped the plan after the White House announced that President Bill Clinton would issue a directive blocking all such transactions on grounds of national security. The official Conoco museum

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