The Romanian football league system , also known as the football pyramid , refers to the system in Romanian club football that consists of several football leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. The first three leagues are organized at a national level and consist of fully professional teams. Lower divisions are organized at county levels, with each county's football association controlling its respective leagues.
51-611: Reserve teams play in the same league system as their parent clubs. The first three tiers are organized by nationwide federations: the first tier is overseen by the Romanian Professional Football League , while the second and third are run by the Romanian Football Federation . A total of 114 teams play in the national leagues. Each of these clubs is fully professional and, in addition to playing in its respective league, has
102-497: A reserve team is a team composed of players under contract to a club but who do not normally play in matches for the primary team. Reserve teams often include back-up players from the first team, young players who need playing time to improve their skills, as well as members of the first team recovering from injury. In some countries, reserve or development teams compete in entirely separate competitions from first teams, while some countries allow reserve teams or farm teams to compete in
153-513: A chance of advancing to the third tier. These 42 teams are drawn to play among themselves in 21 two-legged playoffs, with the winner of each playoff getting promoted to Liga III. Each county sends a team to compete in the Romanian Cup. To designate this club, counties organize their own knockout tournaments. Level 1 16 clubs 2 22 clubs 3 100 clubs divided in 10 series of 10 teams each 4 5 6 A second-level league
204-468: A reserve Under-23 team in the third-tier Serie C league, with only Juventus taking that opportunity. In 2023, Juventus Next Gen was joined by Atalanta Under-23 . In 2024, AC Milan became the third Italian club to form a reserve team, with the creation of Milan Futuro . From the days of the old Japan Soccer League , Japan allowed reserve teams to play in the main league system . Even today reserve teams of J. League clubs are allowed to compete in
255-687: A total area of 5,790 square kilometres (2,240 sq mi). Two distinctive elements can be found: Beside the Danube, the main river crossing the county is the Olt River which flows into the Danube close to the village of Islaz . Other important rivers are: the Vedea River , the Teleorman River , and the Călmățui River . The predominant industries in the county are: Agriculture
306-430: A two-legged playoff against the 3rd and 4th placed teams from Liga II . The playoff is a round-robin home and away tournament while the teams in the playout only play each other once and drawing of lots will decide home/away games. After the regular seasons, team points are halved and rounded down. Half-points are taken into account and act as the first tiebreaker at the end of the playoff. For example, if two teams finish
357-626: Is commonly used to describe these teams. In Germany and Austria the terms Amateure or II is used, while B team is used in the Spanish football league system , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , and Portugal . In Norway , these teams are distinguished by a 2 . In the Netherlands , the adjective Jong (young) is commonly used. In England reserve teams of professional clubs play in completely separate leagues and competitions such as
408-474: Is no longer affiliated with the JEF club.) In Norway, reserve football teams are permitted to participate at all levels of league football except for the two highest divisions, making the 2. divisjon the highest league they can enter. However, if the first team plays in the second-tiered 1. divisjon , the reserve team is restricted to a fourth-tier league , maintaining a league difference of two. Reserve teams bear
459-620: Is of Cumanic ( Turkic ) origin. It literally means wild/crazy forest ( modern Turkish , Deli orman) and, by extension, "thick and shadowy forest" in the Cuman language . It can be encountered in other toponyms, such as the Turkish name of the Ludogorie Plateau in northeastern Bulgaria, Deliorman . In 2021, the county had a population of 323,544 and the population density was 55.88/km (144.73/sq mi). Teleorman County has
510-426: Is officially designated as a third-tier league, and it includes a small number of independent teams not affiliated with an MLS team. Most reserve teams play in the same stadiums or the training stadium for their parent team, but several have been established in alternative or nearby markets. Prior to the establishment of MLS Next Pro, most MLS reserve teams participated in the second-tier USL Pro league (now known as
561-466: Is operated by the Romanian Football Federation . 20 teams compete in a round-robin home and away tournament. Just as Liga I , top six teams compete for the promotion and the first two teams get promoted directly while the 3rd and 4th places play a two-legged playoff against the 13th and 14th placed teams from Liga I . The rest of 14 teams are then divided into two groups and continue playing to avoid relegation. Bottom four teams are relegated directly while
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#1732787322452612-481: Is the main occupation in the county. Both extensive agriculture, and small scale — vegetables and fruits for the Bucharest markets — is practiced. The area is well suited for irrigations. The county doesn't have many spectacular attractions, but its cultural folk heritage is very rich. Many Romanian personalities have been born here, some of them later describing the life in a village in a very picturesque way. Also,
663-603: The Bulgarian Cup . On 26 May 2023, CSKA 1948 II secured first place in Second League , the second level of Bulgarian football, becoming the first reserve team to become a champion of the league. Clubs are also allowed have third teams in the league system. In France, the reserve teams of professional clubs playing in Ligue 1 , Ligue 2 or National is restricted to play in fourth-tier Championnat National 2 if
714-469: The Emperor's Cup . These teams were never promoted to the top flight due to their senior squad's presence there. Reserve clubs were usually localized in the same city as their senior team and should not be confused with clubs from sister companies within a keiretsu or otherwise, which were separate clubs competing for the same championships. An example is Toyota Automated Loom Works , founding member of
765-595: The Professional Development League or the Central League , although further down the pyramid , reserve clubs feature in the same system as their parent clubs and can be promoted through the system. They cannot usually play in the same division as their parent team. However, in other countries, reserve teams play in the same football league as their senior team and have competed in the domestic cup competitions. In Spain this has seen
816-432: The U.S. Soccer Federation and ultimately resulted in a compromise where only eight MLS first teams would participate while the rest fielded their reserve teams. Teleorman County Teleorman County ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtele.orman] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria , in the historical region Muntenia , with its capital city at Alexandria . The name Teleorman
867-479: The USL Championship ) from 2014 to 2022. The league is operated by United Soccer League , a separate organization from MLS, and included independent teams that signed affiliation pacts with MLS teams. A few other MLS teams fielded their reserve teams in the third-tier USL League One , also operated by USL, and some MLS teams never fielded a reserve side in either USL league. Prior to the arrangement with
918-697: The Ukrainian Cup . Since 1999–2000 in Ukraine started to talk about reviving some kind of separate competition for such teams or youth competitions. In 2004 there was organized competition for the Vyshcha Liha teams doubles. Some doubles were formed out of already existing second teams, other clubs kept their second teams as well as created additional doubles. It certainly reduced the number of second teams in regular league competitions as well eliminated some farm clubs. In 2008, championship among doubles
969-767: The Ukrainian Second League or lower, some better have competed in the Ukrainian First League (such as FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv ). Also some smaller clubs voluntarily would join bigger club as its farm (Ternopil-Nyva-2, Poltava-2 Karlivka, others), while other would be forced to be revived anew as the original club would be changed into a new better club. On rare occasions in the professional league competitions were allowed to compete some clubs' academies ( Sports school of Olympic Reserve (SSOR) Metalurh , FC Dnipro-75 Dnipropetrovsk , others). Until 1999 second teams and third teams were allowed to compete in
1020-483: The 5th place in each of the two groups plays regional two-legged playoffs in order to keep their spot in the 2nd tier of Romanian football. The Liga III is the third highest level in the Romanian football league system and is operated by the Romanian Football Federation . 100 teams are divided in 10 regional groups of ten teams each, and compete in a round-robin home and away tournament consisting of 18 matches. After
1071-594: The FC Barcelona family as the reserve team and eventually evolved into FC Barcelona B . In 1983–84 Castilla CF and Bilbao Athletic , the reserve teams of Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao respectively, finished as winners and runners-up of the Segunda División. Castilla, Bilbao Athletic and Atlético Madrid B finished third in 1987–88 , 1989–90 and 1998–99 respectively. In normal circumstances, these teams would have all been promoted except for
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#17327873224521122-639: The JSL in 1965, later relegated and now competing in the Aichi Prefecture league, and Toyota Motors , now known as Nagoya Grampus , founding member and mainstay of the J. League. Most J. League reserve teams these days are in the corresponding regional league. The most successful was JEF United Ichihara Chiba Reserves , who competed in the then national third division, the Japan Football League . (Furukawa Electric Chiba still exists but
1173-578: The Round of 16. They lost the final 1–0 to Bayer Leverkusen . In the German football league system , however, reserve teams are not allowed to be promoted above the 3. Liga and since 2008–09 have not been allowed to play in the cup competition to serve the non-reserve team's interests. In the 2003–04 season, Bayern Munich 's reserve team won the Regionalliga Süd , a semi-professional league then in
1224-529: The USL, MLS ran its own reserve league, the MLS Reserve League , from 2005 to 2014. Since 2016, the U.S. Open Cup has only permitted one team to participate per organization, thus excluding reserve teams if its parent team is participating. MLS attempted to exclusively field its reserve teams in place of its first teams in the 2024 edition to relieve fixture congestion. This proposal was rejected by
1275-475: The area was one of the places where the Wallachian Revolution of 1848 unfolded. The main tourist destinations are: The Teleorman County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections , consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition: Teleorman County has 3 municipalities, 2 towns and 92 communes Natives of Teleorman County include: Historically, the county was located in
1326-528: The bigger clubs to have 'B teams' placed into the Scottish football league system , but as of 2020 these have been rejected. The South-Korean R League serves as a dedicated competition for reserve teams and has been intermittently active since 1990, with several interruptions and format changes throughout its history. In its current form, the league has been played since 2016. Reserve teams in Spain play in
1377-473: The club has a youth center or in fifth-tier Championnat National 3 if a team doesn't have a youth center. Reserve teams have not been allowed to play the Coupe de France to serve the non-reserve team's interests. However, if the first team plays or get relegated in the fourth-tiered National 2 , the reserve team is restricted to a fifth-tiered level . If a reserve team finishes first in his National 2 group,
1428-451: The county's football association. While all national league clubs have the right of an individual vote, county football associations have a single vote. Each of the 41 counties of Romania and Bucharest organize their own league system. The highest divisions in these system form the 42 series of Liga IV . Liga V is formed by each county's second tier. Eight counties organize a third tier. Each of these third level leagues represent one of
1479-594: The fact that their senior team was already in the Primera División. In 1980 Castilla CF also reached the Copa del Rey final and qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup . During their cup run, they beat four Primera División teams including Hércules CF , Athletic Bilbao , Real Sociedad and Sporting de Gijón . The latter two eventually finished second and third in the Primera División. In
1530-455: The final they played Real Madrid but lost 6–1. However, because Real also won La Liga , Castilla CF qualified for European Cup Winners' Cup. Despite beating West Ham United 3–1 in the opening game at the Bernabéu , they lost the return 5–1 and went out in the first round. Málaga CF was originally formed in 1948 as Atlético Malagueño , the reserve team of CD Málaga . In 1992 CD Málaga
1581-462: The following counties: Arad , Brăila , Dâmbovița , Ialomița , Mureș , Prahova and Teleorman , Harghita , and they collectively form the Liga VI. Similarly to the top three leagues in the country, county league clubs finishing the season at or near the top of their division may be eligible for promotion to a higher division. The 42 county champions (the winners of each county's Liga IV ) have
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1632-494: The main club and promoted to professional ranks starting again from regional competitions. As it was mentioned above, farm teams in Ukraine are not necessary denoted with 2 (or 3 ), but could be a separate club that have an agreement with another club. Among examples there are FC Karlivka that used to be called FC Poltava-2 (the second team of FC Poltava ), FC Kalush was known as LUKOR Kalush and Prykarpattia Kalush (the second team of FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk ), FC Krasyliv
1683-458: The present county. The county was originally divided into five administrative districts ( plăși ): Subsequently, the county established three more districts: The county contained four urban communes: Turnu Măgurele , Alexandria , Roșiorii de Vede , and Zimnicea . According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 347,294 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 98.1% Romanians, 1.4% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From
1734-435: The promotion is awarded to the second. Additionally, if a reserve team finishes first in his National 3 group but the club doesn't have a youth center, the promotion is instead awarded to the second. Some clubs even have C or D-sides that play at regional or district levels . In Germany, Hertha BSC II , the reserve team of Hertha Berlin , reached the 1992–93 DFB-Pokal final after their first team were eliminated in
1785-512: The regular season ends, the top four teams from each group will play for the top two spots that are going to take them in the regional playoffs for the promotion. The other six teams are battling to avoid relegation and the bottom two teams are directly relegated to the 4th league. In contrast to the clubs from the national leagues, county league clubs are not directly affiliated to the Romanian Football Federation, but to
1836-423: The regular season with 57 and 56 points respectively, they will both start in the playoff with 28 points. If the two teams finish the playoffs with an equal number of points, the first team will always be ranked above the second, regardless of any other tiebreakers such as goals scored or direct results between the teams in question. The Liga II is the second highest level in the Romanian football league system and
1887-695: The reserve team of CD Málaga change identity and play in La Liga while Castilla CF , the reserve team of Real Madrid , reached the Copa del Rey final, qualified for the European Cup Winners' Cup and won the Segunda División . Since 2015, the Bulgarian Football Union allowed Bulgarian teams to have reserve sides in Bulgarian football league system , obliged to play one level below their main side and also can not compete in
1938-402: The reserve team of FC Barcelona , also finished as runners-up in the same play-off but were similarly denied. However, after winning another promotion play-off in 1956, España Industrial separated from FC Barcelona and were renamed CD Condal . The club were now able to be promoted to the Primera División. However, they survived only one season and were relegated in 1957. In 1968 the club rejoined
1989-533: The right to compete in the Romanian Cup . They are also affiliated members of the Romanian Football Federation , and each has voting rights in the Federation's councils and elections, including in the election of the Federation president. The Liga I is the highest level in the Romanian football league system and is operated by the Romanian Professional Football League . 16 professional teams compete for
2040-447: The same division with their primary team (senior team). On several occasions, the second team of Dynamo Kyiv ( Dynamo-2 Kyiv ) won the Ukrainian First League , but was not allowed to be promoted to premiers where the primary team of Dynamo Kyiv competes due to the rule. As any rules there are some exceptions, the second team of FC Nyva Ternopil ( FC Ternopil ) were allowed promotion to the same division after it lost its affiliation with
2091-467: The same league pyramid as their parent club but may not play in the same division. Since 1990 reserve teams are restricted to play in Copa del Rey . In 1951–52 CD Mestalla , the reserve team of Valencia CF , won the Segunda División promotion play-off but were denied promotion because their senior team was already in the Primera División . The following season CD España Industrial ,
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2142-465: The same league system as their club's first team, although usually in separate divisions. Reserve teams usually consist of a combination of emerging youth players and first-team squad players. These teams are distinct from a club's youth team , which usually consists of players under a certain age and plays in an age-specific league. In England, Argentina and the United States the term reserve
2193-555: The same name as their respective first teams with a "2" attached as a suffix. If a reserve team ends the season in a promotion spot to a league it cannot enter, that promotion is instead awarded to the best following team. Scotland has two reserve leagues under the umbrella of the SPFL Reserve League , where 27 of the senior clubs competed in its first year, only for several (including Celtic and Rangers ) withdrew to pursue their own programme of fixtures. The predecessor
2244-528: The southern part of Greater Romania , in the southwestern part of the historical region of Muntenia . Its capital was Turnu Măgurele . The county was bordered on the west by the counties Romanați County and Olt County , to the north by Argeș County , to the east by Vlașca County , and in the south across the Danube River by the Kingdom of Bulgaria . Its territory coincides in large part with that of
2295-551: The third tier of German football (now the fourth), finishing nine points clear of the second-placed FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt . Due to the rule which prohibits one club from having two teams in fully professional leagues, the third-placed 1. FC Saarbrücken was promoted to the Second Bundesliga instead. In 2018, the Italian Football Federation allowed the possibility for Serie A teams to register
2346-500: The title of Romanian Football Champion in a round-robin home and away, with 30 season matches in the regular season. After the conclusion of the regular season, the top 6 teams compete in a playoff for the League Champion title and the remaining European football spots, while the last 10 teams contest a play-out to avoid the relegation spots. The bottom two sides are relegated directly, while the 13th and 14th places teams plays
2397-497: Was disbanded and two years later Atlético Malagueño were relaunched as Málaga CF. They were eventually promoted to the Primera División in 1999. There was a Reserve League in the Thai Premier League from 2016 onwards. In Ukraine, there are two types of reserve teams, one doubles and the other dvushky ( dviyky, triyky ) or second teams . The second teams compete in regular league competitions usually in
2448-541: Was first established in 2013. Before that there weren't enough women's football clubs for that and all played in the country's only league. Now, a three way league is under review and possible changes may be observed in the near future. Level League(s)/Division(s) 1 Superliga 8 clubs 2 Liga I North 7 clubs Liga I South 6 clubs 3 Liga 3 West 1 club FC Țara Românească Liga 3 Central 1 club FC Moldova Liga 3 East 1 club FC Transilvania Reserve team In sports,
2499-506: Was known as FC Krasyliv-Obolon as the second team of FC Obolon Kyiv , and there are other examples. Major League Soccer , the highest level of competition in the United States soccer league system , runs its own distinct reserve league, MLS Next Pro , which began play in 2022. Since the United States does not use promotion and relegation , there is no risk of reserve teams having to compete against their parent teams. MLS Next Pro
2550-686: Was the SPFL Development League until 2018. It was described as a development league for under-20s, but teams could field up to five over-age players in each game. Reserve teams (limited to under-21 players) of the clubs in the Scottish Premiership enter the Scottish Challenge Cup for lower division clubs (and some entrants from other parts of the British Isles). Proposals have been made by
2601-620: Was transitioned to youth competition (under-21) as Vyshcha Liha was also transformed into Premier Liha. In 2012, there was introduced additional competition in Premier Liha, the under-19 championship (see Ukrainian Premier League Reserves and Under 19 ). All these youth competitions "cleaned" the lower league structure of the second teams, but some clubs continue field them at national or regional levels. In Ukraine, second teams act same as farm teams and they do not have an age restriction as youth teams. Second teams are not allowed to compete in
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