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30-539: Founded in 1995, the party supported the independence of Savoy from France and the unification of the two departments of Savoy, named Savoie and Haute-Savoie , which have belonged to France since the Treaty of Turin in 1860. Formerly a member of the European Free Alliance , the party was generally pro-European in outlook, while lying on the right of the political spectrum. The League co-operated with

60-611: A part of Savoy was left on the Italian side. It was, therefore, highly fortified as a protection against an invasion of the Val di Susa route towards Turin. In 1874-1880, the Italian Regio Esercito built three stone forts: Fort Cassa, Fort Varisello and Fort Roncia, supported by several batteries and fortifications, such as those at the top of Mont Malamot . Two further armored batteries, La Court and Paradiso, were added in

90-637: A political party in France is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Savoie Savoie ( pronounced [savwa] ; Arpitan : Savouè or Savouè-d'Avâl ; English : Savoy / s ə ˈ v ɔɪ / ) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region , Southeastern France . Located in the French Alps , its prefecture is Chambéry . In 2019, Savoie had a population of 436,434. Together with Haute-Savoie , it

120-501: Is Chambéry , the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 8 communes with more than 7,000 inhabitants: The "average" (see arithmetic mean ) population density is not a good indicator: the valleys tend to be much more densely populated, whereas the mountains tend to be near-completely uninhabited. The Catholic Church in Savoie is divided into three dioceses : Chambéry, Maurienne, and Tarentaise. Together, they form an archdiocese , in which

150-776: Is 12.9 km / 8 mi to the hospice, a little way beyond the summit of the pass. The descent lies through the Cenis Valley to Susa (49.9 km / 37 mi from Modane) where the road joins the railway. To the southwest of the Mont Cenis is the Little Mont Cenis (2184.2 m / 7166 ft), which leads from the summit plateau (in Italy) of the main pass to the Etache valley on the French slope and so to Bramans in

180-613: Is 13 km in length, and leads to Bardonecchia , some way below which, at Oulx the line joins the road from the Col de Montgenèvre . In the Middle Ages, pilgrims passing through Moncenisio and Susa Valley came to Turin along a road called the Via Francigena , with a final destination of Rome. In 1414, Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara travelled on this route returning from Paris having met Charles VI , and described

210-519: Is a massif in Savoie ( France ) (with an elevation of 3,612 m (11,850 ft) at Pointe de Ronce and a pass at an elevation of 2,085 m (6,841 ft)), which forms the limit between the Cottian and Graian Alps . The term "Mont Cenis" could be derived from mont des cendres ("mountain of ashes"). According to tradition, following a forest fire, a great quantity of ashes accumulated on

240-525: Is famous for its cows, which produce numerous cheeses , some of them are: Numerous wine grapes are also grown in Savoie. The most famous wines are made of Gamay , Pinot noir and Mondeuse grapes. Fruit production is the third largest component of agriculture in Savoie. Apples and pears are also produced in the region and are well known for their qualities. Residents of Savoie are known as Savoyards , though they can also be called Savoisiens (the historical name) or Savoyens . The most populous commune

270-573: Is occasionally drained for maintenance. The pass of Mont Cenis has been featured 5 times in the Tour de France . It has been classified hors-catégorie (yielding the highest number of points in the King-of-the-Mountains classification) since 1999. For the 5 years that the pass was on the Tour, the following cyclists have crossed the pass in the lead: In the 2013 Giro d'Italia , the pass

300-482: Is one of the two departments of the historical region of Savoy ; the Duchy of Savoy was annexed by France in 1860, following the signature of the Treaty of Turin . The area is known for its numerous ski resorts and contribution to French cuisine , with culinary specialities such as fondue savoyarde , tartiflette , génépi , as well as various sorts of saucisson . It is widely accepted that Savoie takes its name from

330-872: Is part of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region established on 1 January 2016. It was previously part of Rhône-Alpes . It borders the departments of Haute-Savoie , Ain , Isère and Hautes-Alpes in addition to the Aosta Valley and the Metropolitan City of Turin in Italy . Much of Savoie is covered by mountains: The department is crossed by the Isère river , which has its source in the Iseran pass. Its two main lakes are Lac du Bourget (the largest and deepest lake entirely in France) and Lac d'Aiguebelette , one of

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360-589: The Latin Sapaudia or Sabaudia , meaning land covered in fir trees. Savoie was long part of the states of Savoy ; though beginning in the 16th century, it was occupied by France several times. It was integrated into the Mont-Blanc department from 1792 to 1815 (and partially into the Léman department from 1798 to 1814). The province was annexed by France in 1860. The former Duchy of Savoy became

390-847: The Savoy Region Movement , which does not support independence but rather federalism and Savoyard autonomism . In the 1998 regional elections , the League won 5.39% in Savoy (4.42% in Savoie and 6.05% in Haute-Savoie) and therefore won a seat in the Rhône-Alpes Regional Council . It did not participate in the 2004 regional elections. At the party's 17th Congress on 21 October 2012, the Savoyan League suspended its activities. This article about

420-529: The bishop of Chambéry is the archbishop . The Departmental Council of Savoie has 38 seats. 30 councillors are part of the J'aime la Savoie ("I love Savoie") right-wing group; 8 councillors are part of the Savoie pour Tous ("Savoie for All") left-wing group. Hervé Gaymard ( The Republicans ) has been President of the Departmental Council since 2008. Thierry Repentin ( Socialist Party ) has been Opposition Leader since 1998. Savoie elected

450-625: The Arc valley. The pass runs parallel to the Fréjus Rail Tunnel . This (highest point 1295 m / 4249 ft) is really 27.4 km 17 miles southwest of the pass, below the Col du Fréjus . From Chambéry the line runs up the Isère valley, but soon bears through that of the Arc or the Maurienne past Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne to Modane (98.2 km / 61 mi from Chambéry). The tunnel

480-566: The Chambéry chamber of commerce, close to 50% of the department's wealth comes from tourism. Each year, Savoie hosts over 30 million visitor-nights of tourists. Savoie also profits from its natural resources with particular strengths in ore processing and hydroelectric power . Savoie had an exceptionally high export/import ratio of 214% in 2005. Its exports rose to €1.768 billion and €825 million in imports. Its leading exports were steel , aluminum , and electric and electronic components. Savoie

510-559: The Col du Mont Cenis as having "a good ascent and bad descent". This pass was crossed in 1689 by the Vaudois, and is believed by some authors to have been the pass used by Hannibal to cross the Alps . As an Alpine pass, Mont Cenis featured in several historical incidents. One example is the descent of Constantine I to Italy, to fight against Maxentius . It was the site of a military victory by

540-563: The French Army of the Alps , led by General-in-Chief Alex Dumas over Piedmontese forces in April 1794, a victory that enabled the French Army of Italy to invade and conquer the Italian peninsula. It was the principal route for crossing the Alps between France and Italy until the 19th century. It was also used as the main passage by which Charlemagne crossed with his army to invade Lombardy in 773, and later by Napoleon I. Mont Cenis

570-477: The early 20th century, while the Fascist government built here part of its underground Alpine Wall . All these fortifications are now in French territory after the boundaries revision in 1947 allowing Savoy to get its historical territory back. The Lac Du Mont Cenis is an artificial dam that was constructed in 1921 on top of the original road and border crossing. It feeds two hydroelectric power plants. The lake

600-522: The flames in the official emblem of the games. The other main alpine valley is the Maurienne , connected to the Tarentaise valley by two passes, the col de la Madeleine and the highest pass in Europe, the col de l'Iseran . The Maurienne valley was through the col du Mont Cenis , the major commercial route between France and Italy. It is one of the longest intra-alpine valleys in the Alps. Savoie

630-547: The following members of the National Assembly during the 2017 legislative election : Savoie is represented by two Senators in Parliament . Jean-Pierre Vial and Martine Berthet have served since 1995 and 2017 respectively. Both are members of The Republicans (LR). Tourism, which is quite important to Savoie, began to develop towards the end of the 19th century, mostly summer oriented. The increase in

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660-472: The ground, thus the name. The path of ashes was found during the building work of the route. The pass connects Val-Cenis in France in the northwest with Susa in Italy in the southeast. Thence, the valley of the Dora Riparia is followed to Turin (103.8 km / 64.5 mi from Modane). The carriage road mounts the Arc valley for 25.7 km / 16 mi from Modane to Lanslebourg , whence it

690-401: The least polluted in France due to a 1976 law forbidding any use of motorboats on the lake. Most of the department features an alpine climate or a subalpine climate . At lower altitudes and in the valleys, the climate is humid continental ( Köppen : Dfb) or even oceanic in the frontcounrty and lake Bourget area ( Köppen : Cfb), using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. According to

720-421: The pass was built between 1802 and 1805 by Napoleon to improve military connections. By 1810, it was the most travelled road between France and Italy, as Strasbourg was closed to silk trade traffic from Vienna , leading to Lyon becoming a major trade centre instead. The Mont Cenis Pass Railway was opened alongside the road in 1868, but was dismantled in 1871, on the opening of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel . It

750-435: The popularity of skiing in the 20th century made Savoie home to the largest number of ski hills in France, including many famous ones: Hydrotherapy , practised in the region since antiquity , is also quite developed. There are four locations that are still active: Col du Mont Cenis Mont Cenis ( French pronunciation: [mɔ̃ s(ə)ni] ; Italian : Moncenisio , pronounced [montʃeˈnizjo] )

780-471: The two departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie . Moûtiers , capital of the former province of Tarentaise Valley (French: Vallée de la Tarentaise ), ceased to be a subprefecture following a law that took effect on 10 September 1926. Savoie hosted the 1992 Winter Olympics , based in Albertville with ski events at Tarentaise and Beaufortain . The coat of arms for Savoie was used as a pattern for

810-574: The world, there are also Zoige and Litang areas with similar climatic characteristics here. The average annual temperature in Mont Cenis is 2.6 °C (36.7 °F). The average annual rainfall is 753.6 mm (29.67 in) with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 11.3 °C (52.3 °F), and lowest in February, at around −4.5 °C (23.9 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Mont Cenis

840-459: Was featured in the 15th stage on May 19, 2013. Mont Cenis has a subarctic climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ). Due to the elevation of the top of the mountain at 2,030 m (6,660 ft), the temperature here is significantly lower than that of the plains. Even the warmest months of July and August, the temperature rarely rises above 25 °C (77 °F), and often falls below minus −20 °C (−4 °F) in severe winter. Around

870-509: Was one of the most used Alpine passes from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century. The pass was part of the border between the two countries from the annexation of Savoy to the Second French Empire in 1861 until the 1947 Treaty of Paris , but is now located completely in France. The treaty allowed Savoy to retrieve its historical and political boundaries. It has historically been part of Route nationale 6 . A road over

900-600: Was the first ever railway based on the Fell mountain railway system and was worked by English engine-drivers. The Fréjus Rail Tunnel acquired the alternative, and geographically incorrect, name of Mont Cenis Tunnel because the traffic which formerly used the Mont Cenis Pass was transferred to it. When the Kingdom of Sardinia -Piedmont ceded Savoy to France in 1860, the Mont Cenis became a frontier pass, and consequently,

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