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24-462: Like is a word in English with a number of common uses. Like or likes may also refer to: Like In English , the word like has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard. It can be used as a noun , verb , adverb , adjective , preposition , particle , conjunction , hedge , filler , quotative , and semi- suffix . Like is one of the words in

48-543: A filler has a long history in Scots English, as in Robert Louis Stevenson 's 1886 novel Kidnapped : "What'll like be your business, mannie?" "What's like wrong with him?" said she at last. Like can be used as hedge to indicate that the following phrase will be an approximation or exaggeration, or that the following words may not be quite right, but are close enough. It may indicate that

72-682: A filler is a fairly old regional practice in Welsh English and in Scotland, it was used similarly at least as early as the 19th century. It is traditionally, though not quite every time, used to finish a sentence in the Northern English dialect Geordie . It may also be used in a systemic format to allow individuals to introduce what they say, how they say and think. Despite such prevalence in modern-day spoken English, these colloquial usages of like rarely appear in writing (unless

96-463: A loft." It is also used in the 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange by the narrator as part of his teenage slang and in the Top Cat cartoon series from 1961 to 1962 by the jazz beatnik type characters. A common eye dialect spelling is lyk . Like can be used in much the same way as "um..." or "er..." as a discourse particle . It has become common especially among North American teenagers to use

120-424: A matter of stylistic variation and diction , rather than of the standard and non-standard dichotomy. The term "colloquial" is also equated with "non-standard" at times, in certain contexts and terminological conventions. A colloquial name or familiar name is a name or term commonly used to identify a person or thing in non-specialist language, in place of another usually more formal or technical name. In

144-534: A quotative is known to have been around since at least the 1980s. The word like has developed several non-traditional uses in informal speech. Especially since the late 20th century onward, it has appeared, in addition to its traditional uses, as a colloquialism across all dialects of spoken English, serving as a discourse particle , filler , hedge , speech disfluency , or other metalinguistic unit. Although these particular colloquial uses of like appear to have become widespread rather recently, its use as

168-522: A user, commonly referred to as "likes" on websites such as Twitter or Instagram . As a verb , like generally refers to a fondness for something or someone. Like can be used to express a feeling of attraction between two people that is weaker than love . It does not necessarily imply a romantic attraction. Example: Like can also be used to indicate a wish for something in a polite manner. Example: In some regional dialects of English, like may be used as an adverbial colloquialism in

192-423: Is most commonly used within specific occupations, industries, activities, or areas of interest. Colloquial language includes slang, along with abbreviations, contractions, idioms, turns-of-phrase, and other informal words and phrases known to most native speakers of a language or dialect. Jargon is terminology that is explicitly defined in relationship to a specific activity, profession, or group. The term refers to

216-562: Is not an exact quotation but instead gives a general feel for what was said. In this usage, like functions in conjunction with a verb, generally be (but also say , think , etc.), as in the following examples: Like can also be used to paraphrase an implicitly unspoken idea or sentiment: The marking of past tense is often omitted (compare historical present ): It is also sometimes used to introduce non-verbal mimetic performances, e.g., facial expressions, hand gestures, body movement, as well as sounds and noises: The use of like as

240-485: Is often used in colloquial speech, but this particular register is restricted to particular in-groups, and it is not a necessary element of colloquialism. Other examples of colloquial usage in English include contractions or profanity . "Colloquial" should also be distinguished from "non-standard". The difference between standard and non-standard is not necessarily connected to the difference between formal and colloquial. Formal, colloquial, and vulgar language are more

264-448: Is shouted down by happy cigarette smokers asking "What do you want—good grammar or good taste?" The appropriateness of its usage as a conjunction is still disputed , however. In some circles, it is considered an error to use like instead of as or as if in formal prose. Like can be used as a noun meaning "preference" or "kind". Examples: When used specifically on social media , it can refer to interactions with content posted by

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288-419: Is the argument that younger English speakers are still developing their linguistic competence , and, metalinguistically wishing to express ideas without sounding too confident, certain, or assertive, use like to fulfill this purpose. In pop culture , such colloquial applications of like (especially in verbal excess) are commonly and often comedically associated with Valley girls , as made famous through

312-431: Is the form of language that speakers typically use when they are relaxed and not especially self-conscious. An expression is labeled colloq. for "colloquial" in dictionaries when a different expression is preferred in formal usage, but this does not mean that the colloquial expression is necessarily slang or non-standard . Some colloquial language contains a great deal of slang, but some contains no slang at all. Slang

336-483: The philosophy of language , "colloquial language" is ordinary natural language , as distinct from specialized forms used in logic or other areas of philosophy. In the field of logical atomism , meaning is evaluated in a different way than with more formal propositions . Colloquialisms are distinct from slang or jargon . Slang refers to words used only by specific social groups, such as demographics based on region, age, or socio-economic identity. In contrast, jargon

360-458: The English language that can introduce a simile (a stylistic device comparing two dissimilar ideas). It can be used as a preposition , as in "He runs like a cheetah"; it can also be used as a suffix , as in "She acts very child- like " . It can also be used in non-simile comparisons such as, "She has a dog like ours". Like is often used in place of the subordinating conjunction as , or as if . Examples: Many people became aware of

384-468: The UK reality television series Love Island the word 'like' has been used an average of 300 times per episode, much to the annoyance of viewers. Colloquialism A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial . Colloquialism or general parlance is distinct from formal speech or formal writing . It

408-412: The construction be + like + to infinitive , meaning "be likely to, be ready to, be on the verge of." Examples: As the following attest, this construction has a long history in the English language. Like is sometimes used colloquially as a quotative to introduce a quotation or impersonation. This is also known as "quotation through simile". The word is often used to express that what follows

432-419: The language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Similar to slang, it is shorthand used to express ideas, people, and things that are frequently discussed between members of a group. Unlike slang, it is often developed deliberately. While a standard term may be given a more precise or unique usage amongst practitioners of relevant disciplines, it is often reported that jargon

456-422: The phrase in which it appears is to be taken metaphorically or as a hyperbole . This use of like is sometimes regarded as adverbial , as like is often synonymous here with adverbial phrases of approximation, such as "almost" or "more or less". Examples: Conversely, like may also be used to indicate a counterexpectation to the speaker, or to indicate certainty regarding the following phrase. Examples: In

480-400: The popular Dobie Gillis TV series of 1959-1963 brought the expression to prominence; this was reinforced in later decades by the character of Shaggy on Scooby-Doo (who was based on Krebs). Very early use of this locution can be seen in a New Yorker cartoon of 15 September 1928, in which two young ladies are discussing a man's workplace: "What's he got – an awfice?" "No, he's got like

504-449: The song "Valley Girl" by Frank Zappa , released in 1982, and the film of the same name, released in the following year. The stereotyped "valley girl" language is an exaggeration of the variants of California English spoken by younger generations. This non-traditional usage of the word has been around at least since the 1950s, introduced through beat (or beatnik ) and jazz culture. The beatnik character Maynard G. Krebs ( Bob Denver ) in

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528-417: The two options in 1954, when a famous ad campaign for Winston cigarettes introduced the slogan " Winston tastes good—like a cigarette should. " The slogan was criticized for its usage by prescriptivists , the "as" construction being considered more proper. Winston countered with another ad, featuring a woman with greying hair in a bun who insists that ought to be "Winston tastes good as a cigarette should" and

552-470: The word "like" in this way, as in Valspeak. For example: It is also becoming more often used (East Coast Scottish English , Northern England English , Hiberno-English and Welsh English in particular) at the end of a sentence, as an alternative to you know . This usage is sometimes considered to be a colloquial interjection and it implies a desire to remain calm and defuse tension: Use of like as

576-420: The writer is deliberately trying to replicate colloquial dialogue) and they have long been stigmatized in formal speech or in high cultural or high social settings. Furthermore, this use of like seems to appear most commonly, in particular, among natively English-speaking children and adolescents , while less so, or not at all, among middle-aged or elderly adults. One suggested explanation for this phenomenon

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