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46-413: She was born in 1802. Her father was Ulumāheihei Hoapili , a son of Kameʻeiamoku , one of the nīʻaupiʻo (highest noble rank) twin brothers. Her mother was High Chiefess Kalilikauoha of Maui , who was the daughter of King Kahekili II of Maui and his half-sister bride Luahiwa. Some genealogists say Liliha was only adopted by Hoapili, but the practice known as hānai was considered a bond as strong as

92-401: A baptism by Ellis. Her funeral was a mix of Hawaiian and Christian traditions. On October 19, 1823, Hoapili married Kalākua Kaheiheimālie ( c.  1780 –1842) who became known as "Hoapili-wahine", roughly meaning "Mrs. Hoapili". It was one of the first Christian wedding ceremony for Hawaiian nobility. Hoapili would then often be known as "Hoapili-kane" ("Mr. Hoapili") to distinguish

138-572: A blood relation. According to them, she was the biological daughter of Koakanu, a son or grandson of Kaolohaka-a-Keawe, one of the many issues of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku ; and his wife High Chiefess Loeau. Her name means "heartsick queen" in the Hawaiian language . She had no siblings. Liliha was initially married to Kahalaiʻa Luanuʻu , a nephew of Kamehameha I. However, his uncle Boki , an advisor and friend to King Kamehameha II , took her from Kahalaiʻa as his wife after his previous wife Likelike

184-413: A bloodless surrender in the face of Kamehameha's armada. In 1810 the island's King, Kaumualiʻi , became a vassal to Kamehameha. When Kamehameha I died, Kamehameha II and Kaʻahumanu feared Kauaʻi would break away from the kingdom. To preserve the union they kidnapped Kaumualiʻi on October 9, 1821, and Kaʻahumanu married him by force. After Kaumualiʻi died in 1824, and a rebellion by Kaumualiʻi's son Humehume

230-577: A firm supporter of the Christian Religion". Ka%CA%BBahumanu Kaʻahumanu (March 17, 1768 – June 5, 1832) ( "the feathered mantle" ) was queen consort and acted as regent of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi as Kuhina Nui . She was the favorite wife of King Kamehameha I and also the most politically powerful, and continued to wield considerable power as co-ruler in the kingdom during reigns of his first two successors. Kaʻahumanu

276-607: A position similar to prime minister or as powerful as co-regent . Instead, Hoapili put his support behind Elizabeth Kīnaʻu , who also acted as governor of Oʻahu with Kuakini returning to the island of Hawaiʻi . Liliha had numerous other husbands and partners. In fact, she was probably the most married chiefess during her lifetime; she had a document seven partners or husbands. Besides Kahalaiʻa Luanuʻu and Boki, she married Kalaniulumoku and Namaile by whom she had daughters, Jane Loeau (1828–1873), and Abigail Maheha (1832–1861), respectively. King Kamehameha III declared both eligible for

322-547: A respected foster parent for royal children. In 1810 the King of the island of Kauaʻi agreed to become a vassal , and Kamehameha had united all the Hawaiian islands . By 1815, Kamehameha had established succession with two sons, and entrusted Ulumāheihei with the care of their mother, Queen Keōpūolani , Kamehameha's wife with the best royal family background. This made Hoapili stepfather to Princess Nāhiʻenaʻena . He became known as hoa pili which means "close personal friend" in

368-651: Is the language of the heart and therefore the heartbeat of the Hawaiian people." Ka'ahumanu's policies on hula have had a ripple effect on the acceptability of the art form ever since. Kaʻahumanu and King Kamehameha III negotiated the first treaty between the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and the United States in 1826, under the administration of President John Quincy Adams . The treaty assumed responsibility on behalf of native Hawaiians with debts to American traders and paid

414-686: Is used for the bicycle and running portions of the Ironman World Championship Triathlon . It also provides access to the Kona International Airport . Queen Kaʻahumanu Center shopping mall is located at 275 West Kaʻahumanu Avenue (Hawai state route 32) in Kahului , Maui , 20°53′12″N 156°28′30″W  /  20.88667°N 156.47500°W  / 20.88667; -156.47500  ( Queen Kaʻahumanu Center ) . Kaʻahumanu Society ,

460-624: The Edict of Toleration did Hawaiians like Kuini Liliha have the legal right of membership in the Hawaii Catholic Church. As royal governor, Boki incurred large debts from the foreigners and attempted to cover them by traveling to the New Hebrides to harvest sandalwood . Before departing in 1829, Boki entrusted administration of Oʻahu to his wife. One of her new responsibilities was to become legal guardian and sole trustee of

506-413: The Hawaiian language because of his trusted relationship with Kamehameha. A saying of the time was O Ulu-maheihei wale no, ia ia oloko, ia ia owaho , meaning roughly "Ulumāheihei knows everything inside and out". Hoapili was with Kamehameha when he died on May 8, 1819, at Kamakahonu. The dying king whispered his last wishes into Hoapili's ear. He and his half-brother Hoʻolulu were selected to hide

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552-620: The Hawaiian throne , and they were sent to the Chiefs' Children's School later known as the Royal School in Honolulu. With Kulinui she had a son, Aberahama Kaikioewa Palekaluhi (1830–1912). With Namaile or Kamaile, she had a son, John F. or Pius F. Koakanu (died 1885) and two daughters, Maheha (mentioned above) and Kailinoa. With Haalou she had another daughter Mary Ann Kiliwehi (1840–1873). She died on August 24, 1839, in Honolulu and

598-464: The "royal twins" who helped Kamehameha I come to power. After his father's death, he inherited his father's counselor position in Kamehameha's court. In his youth he was athletic, standing about 6.5 feet (2.0 m) tall. A story was told of how he once wrestled down an attacking bull by its horns. A few years after the 1795 battle of Nuʻuanu when Kamehameha conquered Oʻahu and Maui, Hoapili

644-455: The 1820s, Lahaina became a popular port for whaling ships. This led to conflicts between the sailors who liked to enjoy their time ashore with grog and women, and the conservative missionaries. Hoapili ordered cannon to defend the town after an irate captain of the English whaler John Palmer had opened fire on the mission station. By 1826, he ruled that all marriages on Maui should follow

690-625: The British warship HMS  Blonde . On the return journey, Liliha, Kekūanaōʻa and Manuia were baptized by the Blonde' s chaplain Richard Rowland Bloxam. Liliha became embroiled in the dispute over freedom of religion in the kingdom. Kaʻahumanu was a widow of Kamehameha I , and held great power as Kuhina Nui or chief advisor during the reigns of both Kamehameha II and Kauikeaouli ( Kamehameha III ). She had been influenced by

736-464: The Christian tradition. After the thatched house used as a church blew down, in 1828 he ordered the first stone church to be built adjacent to Mokuʻula which was a royal residence and burial site on a small island within a sacred pond. His daughter Kuini Liliha married High Chief Boki , and inherited Boki's position of Royal Governor of Oʻahu after Boki's disappearance at sea in 1829. Liliha

782-897: The Protestant missionaries in Honolulu and was baptized into the Congregational church . Heeding the advice of her Congregationalist ministers, Kaʻahumanu convinced King Kamehameha III to ban the Roman Catholic Church from the islands. The priests and lay brothers of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary were forcibly deported from the kingdom. Native Hawaiians who had converted were persecuted. Some were beaten and imprisoned. When Kaʻahumanu discovered that Boki and Liliha were among

828-482: The bill with $ 150,000 worth of sandalwood; this won her the support of chiefs who owed money to the traders. The same document was also a free trade treaty , ensuring Americans had the right to enter all ports of Hawaiʻi to do business. Americans were also afforded the right to sue in Hawaiian courts and be protected by Hawaiian laws. In 1827, after Kaʻahumanu returned from a tour of the windward islands, her health steadily declined. During her illness missionaries printed

874-429: The bones of Kamehameha in a secret place, according to ancient rituals. To add to the secrecy, they waited for a night of a new moon. Theories are a cave was found along the shore that was covered at high tides, in the area known as Kaloko . This would be the last monarch of Hawaii to have all the traditional funeral rites of the Hawaiian religion . When his nephew Keaoua Kekuaokalani organized an uprising, Hoapili

920-431: The first book published on Hawaiian history. Hoapili selected a promising assistant to become educated as a teacher for Hawaiʻi island . As more companies of missionaries arrived, Hoapili awarded them additional grants of land, sometimes to the consternation of the people who lived there. Dwight Baldwin arrived in 1836, and would help Hoapili deal with the health problems of alcoholism and epidemic diseases carried on

966-579: The first chiefs to convert to the suppressed Hawaii Church it angered the queen regent, who wanted all the chiefs to accept Protestantism in order that all Hawaiians would follow. Kuini Liliha's steadfastness in her Catholicism influenced Native Hawaiian Catholics to persevere even in suppression. Only after the intervention of the French government and Captain Cyrille-Pierre-Théodore Laplace and Kamehameha III's proclamation of

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1012-616: The first copy, bound in red leather with her name engraved in gold letters, of the New Testament in the Hawaiian language. She kept it with her until her death of intestinal illness, June 5, 1832, in the Mānoa Valley near Honolulu. Her funeral was held at Kawaiahaʻo Church, often referred to as the Westminster Abbey of Hawaiʻi. Services were presided by Hiram Bingham . She was laid to rest on ʻ Iolani Palace grounds but

1058-493: The formation of the Kingdom of Hawaii . He was a trusted military and political advisor to King Kamehameha I , known as "Kamehameha the Great". Although trusted with one of the last symbolic rites of the Hawaiian religion , he later became a supporter of Christian missionaries. Ulumāheihei (his original name) was born around 1775, during the reign of King Kalaniʻōpuʻu . His father was High Chief Kameʻeiamoku , known as one of

1104-506: The islands. Kaʻahumanu was one of Kamehameha I 's favorite wives and his most powerful. Upon Kamehameha's death on May 8, 1819, Kaʻahumanu announced that late king had wished that she share governance over the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi with his 22-year-old son Liholiho , who took the name of Kamehameha II. The council of advisors agreed and created the post of kuhina nui for her, which was similar to co-regent or modern-day prime minister . Her power base grew and she ruled as Queen Regent during

1150-469: The law. In 1832, Kaʻahumanu visited Maui, and came to the site of what is now Kaʻahumanu Church , witnessing services being presided by Jonathan Smith Green . Upon seeing this, Queen Ka'ahumanu asked the Congregationalist mission to name the permanent church structure after her. However, this request was not honored until 1876 when Edward Bailey constructed the fourth and current structure on

1196-457: The missionaries. Boki and his entourage were lost at sea and pronounced dead, leaving Liliha in administration as royal governor. On April 1, 1831, Kaʻahumanu heard rumors of a planned rebellion, so sent Hoapili to remove Liliha of her power, replacing her with Kaʻahumanu's own brother, John Adams Kuakini as governor of Oʻahu. In November 1833 (after Kaʻahumanu's death and Kamehameha III came to age) some chiefs planned to back her as Kuhina Nui,

1242-411: The properties of Kamehameha III, who had become king as a child. This was opposed by Kaʻahumanu who was ruling Hawaii as queen regent and had developed a rivalry with Liliha. About this time, Kaʻahumanu forced Liliha to give up some of her land in an area known as Punahou to missionary Hiram Bingham I . This eventually became the site of Punahou School , also known as Oʻahu College, for the children of

1288-411: The reigns of both Kamehameha II and Kauikeaouli , who assumed the throne as Kamehameha III. In some ways Kaʻahumanu was ahead of her time and championed the rights of native Hawaiian women, although this was to her own advantage. In what became known as the 'Ai Noa (free eating), Kaʻahumanu conspired with Keōpūolani , another of her late husband's wives who was also Kamehameha II's mother, to eat at

1334-609: The same table with the young king. Notably, she also convinced the Kahuna -nui (translatable to High Priest) of the kingdom, Hewahewa , to support her efforts to abolish the kapu . While breaking a major kapu was a death penalty offence, Kamehameha II refused to kill his mother, Keōpūolani; this event effectively broke the monarchy's support of the kapu , and resulted in the system being outlawed. The island of Kauaʻi and its subject island Niʻihau had never been forcibly conquered by Kamehameha. After years of resistance they negotiated

1380-405: The second company of missionaries and taught reading and writing to the royal court using the newly devised writing system for the Hawaiian language. In May 1823 he and Keōpūolani moved to Lahaina on the island of Maui, and asked for books and a chaplain so they could continue their studies. Hoapili served as Royal Governor of Maui from May 1823. Keōpūolani died September 16, 1823, after being

1426-574: The site where Kawaiahaʻo Church stands today. She took the name "Elizabeth". Missionaries persuaded Kaʻahumanu that the Roman Catholic Church , which had established the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu, should be removed from the island nation. On July 7, 1827, she ordered the first Catholic missionaries to leave. In 1830, Kaʻahumanu signed legislation that forbade Catholic teachings and threatened to deport whoever broke

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1472-549: The site, naming it after the Queen. As regent of Hawai'i after the death of her husband, King Kamehameha I , Ka'ahumanu took it upon herself to enforce Christian policies with her power, banning of the Hawaiian Dance hula in 1830. After her death in 1832, some chiefs ignored this ban, including King Kamehameha III . However it was not until King Kalakaua 's reign in 1886 that hula was celebrated openly once again: "Hula

1518-422: The time. Her siblings include Governor John Adams Kuakini of Hawaii island, Queen Kalākua Kaheiheimālie , and Governor George Keʻeaumoku II of Maui. Her father became an advisor and friend to Kamehameha I, eventually becoming royal governor of Maui. He arranged for Kaʻahumanu to marry him when she was thirteen. Kamehameha had numerous wives but Kaʻahumanu would become a favorite and encouraged his war to unify

1564-410: The two. This made him stepfather to Kekāuluohi , who was Queen Consort of two kings and mother of another. They adopted and helped raise Prince Lot Kapuāiwa (Kalākua's grandson, who would later come to the throne as King Kamehameha V) in the Hawaiian tradition known as hānai . In August 1824, Hoapili led troops from Maui to suppress an uprising by "George Prince" Kaumualiʻi on Kauaʻi . During

1610-621: The whaling ships. Hoapili died January 3, 1840, and was buried at Waiola Church cemetery, then known as "Waineʻe Church". The girls' dormitory at Lahainaluna High School (at the site of the Lanhainaluna seminary) was named for him. The area where he lived on Oʻahu was given to his daughter Liliha and son-in-law Boki. It was then donated to the mission and became home of the Punahou School in 1841. Historian Sheldon Dibble called Hoapili "a meek and quiet disciple of Jesus and

1656-400: The wife of her half-brother the late king of Maui, Kamehameha Nui . Through her mother she was related to many kings of Maui. Through her father, she was the third cousin of Kamehameha I , both sharing the common ancestor, Princess Kalanikauleleiaiwi of the island of Hawaiʻi . She was named after her father's rival, Kahekilinuiʻahumanu because it was from him that her father was fleeing at

1702-448: Was born in a cave called Puu Kauiki in Hāna on the Hawaiian island of Maui . She was born on 17 March 1768. The present Kaahumanu Society celebrates the birthday of its namesake on March 17. Her father was Keʻeaumoku Papaʻiahiahi , a fugitive aliʻi (noble) from the island of Hawaiʻi , and her mother was Nāmāhānaikaleleokalani, daughter of King Kekaulike Kalani-nui-Kui-Hono-i-Kamoku and

1748-453: Was buried on the sacred island of Mokuʻula on Maui . Later she was reburied in the Waineʻe cemetery . Although treated as a rebel by Kaʻahumanu, she was generally loved by the people. For example, a traditional hula chant honors her memory. A street is named for her in Honolulu. Hoapili Ulumāheihei Hoapili ( c.  1775 – January 3, 1840) was a member of the nobility during

1794-688: Was later moved to the Royal Mausoleum . The monument of Kaumualiʻi in Waiola Church cemetery includes the inscription, "Kaahumanu was his wife, Year 1822," leading some to mistakenly conclude that she is buried there. A portion of the Hawaii Belt Road , state highway 19, on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi is named in her honor. It connects the towns of Kailua-Kona and Kawaihae . Often referred to by locals as "the Queen K," it

1840-462: Was left in charge of the island of Oʻahu and the royal court settled at Kamakahonu in present-day Kailua-Kona . His first marriage was to Chiefess Kalilikauoha (daughter of King Kahekili II of Maui island). From her his daughter Kuini Liliha was born in 1802 or 1803, about the same time his father Kameʻeiamoku died. Other sources give Liliha as an adoptive daughter in the ancient Hawaiian tradition of hānai . He would definitely later become

1886-633: Was officially King, real power was held by Hoapili's half-cousin Queen Kaʻahumanu , who welcomed them. On April 11, 1822, some translators from Tahiti arrived with English missionary William Ellis . The Hawaiian language was close enough to Tahitian that the pace of education improved. In February 1823, Keōpūolani renounced the practice of multiple spouses for royalty, and made Hoapili her only husband. Previously she had been "shared" with another former Kamehameha military leader, Kalanimōkū . On April 23, 1823, William Richards and Charles Stewart arrived in

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1932-471: Was put down, she married his other son Kealiʻiahonui . In April 1824, Kaʻahumanu publicly acknowledged her conversion to Protestant Christianity and encouraged her subjects to be baptized into the faith. That same year, she presented Hawaiʻi with its first codified body of laws modeled after Christian ethics and values and the Ten Commandments . Kaʻahumanu was baptized on December 5, 1825, at

1978-474: Was sent with chief orator Naihe to negotiate a peaceful settlement. Kekuaokalani refused, so Hoapii and military leader Kalanimoku led Kingdom troops to the battle of Kuamoʻo where the rebels were routed. Hoapili also led troops to suppress another brief uprising in the northern part of the island near Waimea . In 1820 the first company of Christian missionaries arrived in Hawaii. Although Kamehameha II

2024-486: Was so distraught after his Queen's death that he died in Liliha's arms. Boki and Liliha survived the measles and Boki took charge of what was left of the delegation. They managed to secure agreements of friendship from the British government. The Kingdom of Hawaii also became a protectorate of the British military under those agreements. Boki and Liliha returned to Oʻahu with the bodies of Kamehameha II and Kamāmalu in 1825 on

2070-459: Was suspected of organizing a rebellion in 1830, and Hoapili was sent to peacefully relieve her of her duties. In 1831 he donated land to be used for the Lanhainaluna seminary founded by Lorrin Andrews . This school would produce some of the important historians of the time, such as Samuel Kamakau and David Malo . Hoapili was consulted as an expert in astronomy and ancient Hawaiian mythology for

2116-512: Was taken by his older brother Kalanimoku . Boki , Liliha, and Mataio Kekūanaōʻa were principal members of the entourage that accompanied King Kamehameha II and Queen Kamāmalu on an 1824 diplomatic tour of the United Kingdom, visiting King George IV . The entire delegation contracted the measles , since native Hawaiians had no immunity to the disease. As a result, Queen Kamāmalu and several chiefs died, including Kamehameha II who

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