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21-460: [REDACTED] Look up limb in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Limb may refer to: Science and technology [ edit ] Limb (anatomy) , an appendage of a human or animal Limb, a large or main branch of a tree Limb, in astronomy, the curved edge of the apparent disk of a celestial body, e.g. lunar limb Limb, in botany,

42-609: A list of people Limb McKenry (1888–1956), American baseball pitcher Limb Brook , a stream in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England Limbs Dance Company , in Auckland, New Zealand Limbs, in archery, the upper and lower working parts of the bow; see recurve bow Bresso Airfield , Bresso, Italy (ICAO code) Limbu script (ISO 15924 code) See also [ edit ] Limb darkening , an optical effect seen in stars Limbe (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

63-452: A lure to attract prey , who may mistaken the tail as a worm . The extinct armored dinosaurs ( stegosaurs and ankylosaurs ) have tails with spikes or clubs as defensive weapons against predators. Tails are also used for communication and signalling . Most canines use their tails to communicate mood and intention. Some deer species flash the white underside of their tails to warn other nearby deer of possible danger, beavers slap

84-472: A similar way. Growth occurs from proximal to distal part of the limb. On the distal end, the differentiation of skeletal elements occurs in an apical ectodermal ridge (AER) which expands in rays. A Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA) at the rear part of the AER coordinates the differentiation of digits. Tail The tail is the elongated section at the rear end of a bilaterian animal 's body; in general,

105-432: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Limb (anatomy) All tetrapods have four limbs that are organized into two bilaterally symmetrical pairs, with one pair at each end of the torso , which phylogenetically correspond to the four paired fins ( pectoral and pelvic fins ) of their fish ( sarcopterygian ) ancestors. The cranial pair (i.e. closer to

126-462: The hand , has five opposable digits known as fingers (made up of metacarpal and metatarsal bones for hands and feet respectively) and specializes in intrinsic fine motor skills for precise manipulation of objects . The human legs and their extremities — the feet — are specialized for bipedal locomotion . Compared to most other mammals that walk and run on all four limbs , human limbs are proportionally weaker but very mobile and versatile, and

147-414: The head ) of limbs are known as the forelimbs or front legs , and the caudal pair (i.e. closer to the tail or coccyx ) are the hindlimbs or back legs . In animals with a more erect bipedal posture (mainly hominid primates , particularly humans ), the forelimbs and hindlimbs are often called upper and lower limbs , respectively. The fore-/upper limbs are connected to the thoracic cage via

168-735: The pectoral/shoulder girdles , and the hind-/lower limbs are connected to the pelvis via the hip joints . Many animals, especially the arboreal species, have prehensile forelimbs adapted for grasping and climbing , while some (mostly primates) can also use hindlimbs for grasping. Some animals ( birds and bats ) have expanded forelimbs (and sometimes hindlimbs as well) with specialized feathers or membranes to achieve lift and fly . Aquatic and semiaquatic tetrapods usually have limb features (such as webbings ) adapted to better provide propulsion in water, while marine mammals and sea turtles have convergently evolved flattened, paddle -like limbs known as flippers . In human anatomy ,

189-510: The rib cage connected only via the clavicles (to the sternum ) and numerous muscles; while the pelvic girdles are typically fused together anteriorly via a fibrocartilaginous joint and posteriorly with the vertebral column ( sacrum ), forming an immobile ring-like pelvis . The girdles are each connected to the corresponding limb proper via a ball-and-socket synovial joint . The overall patterns of forelimbs and hindlimbs are homologous among all tetrapods, as they all branched out of

210-601: The animal to escape from a predator. Most birds' tails end in long feathers called rectrices . These feathers are used as a rudder, helping the bird steer and maneuver in flight ; they also help the bird to balance while it is perched. In some species—such as birds of paradise , lyrebirds , and most notably peafowl —modified tail feathers play an important role in courtship displays . The extra-stiff tail feathers of other species, including woodpeckers and woodcreepers , allow them to brace themselves firmly against tree trunks. In humans, tail bud refers to

231-860: The body part associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective " caudal " (which is considered a more precise anatomical terminology ). Animal tails are used in a variety of ways. They provide a source of thrust for aquatic locomotion for fish , cetaceans and crocodilians and other forms of marine life . Terrestrial species of vertebrates that do not need to swim, e.g. cats and kangaroos , instead use their tails for balance ; and some, such as monkeys and opossums , have grasping prehensile tails , which are adapted for arboreal locomotion . Many animals use their tail for utility purposes, for example many grazing animals, such as horses and oxens , use their tails to drive away parasitic flies and sweep off other biting insects. Some animals with broad, furry tails (e.g. foxes ) often wrap

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252-522: The border or upper spreading part of a petal or sepal Limb, in a measuring instrument, the graduated edge of a circle or arc Music [ edit ] Limb (album) , by Foetus, 2009 Limb , an album by Justin Clayton , 1999 "Limbs", a song by Emma Pollock from Watch the Fireworks , 2007 Limb Music , a German record label Other uses [ edit ] Limb (surname) ,

273-455: The part of the embryo which develops into the end of the spine. However, this is not a tail. Infrequently, a child is born with a "soft tail", which contains no vertebrae, but only blood vessels , muscles , and nerves , but this is regarded as an abnormality rather than a vestigial true tail, even when such an appendage is located where the tail would be expected. Fewer than 40 cases have been reported of infants with "true tails" containing

294-466: The same bottlenecked lineage of stegocephalians that survived the Late Devonian extinction . The body plan of tetrapod limbs are so similar (especially the pentadactyly ) that they are given shared terminologies for each component of the appendicular skeleton . Limb development is controlled by Hox genes . All jawed vertebrates surveyed so far organize their developing limb buds in

315-405: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Limb . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limb&oldid=1036298487 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

336-513: The tail around the body as means of thermal insulation like a blanket . Some species' tails serve aggressive functions, either predatorily or defensively . For example, the tails of scorpions have a stinger that contain venom , which can be used to either kill large prey or to fight off a threat. Similarly, stingrays have a thickened spine that can deliver penetrating trauma . Thresher sharks are known to use their long tails to stun prey. Many species of snakes wiggle their tails as

357-587: The term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage extending backwards from the midline of the torso . In vertebrate animals that evolved to lose their tails (e.g. frogs and hominid primates ), the coccyx is the homologous vestigial of the tail. While tails are primarily considered a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates such as scorpions and springtails , as well as snails and slugs , have tail-like appendages that are also referred to as tails. Tail-shaped objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" (e.g. caudate lobe , caudate nucleus ), and

378-404: The unique dexterity of the human upper extremities allows them to make sophisticated tools and machines that compensate for the lack of physical strength and endurance . Limbs are attached to the torso via girdles , either the pectoral girdle for the forelimbs , or the pelvic girdle for the hindlimbs . In terrestrial tetrapods, the pectoral girdles are more mobile, floating over

399-419: The upper and lower limbs are commonly known as the arms and legs respectively, although in academic usage, these terms refer specifically to the upper arm and lower leg (the lower arm and upper leg are instead called forearm and thigh , respectively). The human arms have relatively great ranges of motion and are highly adapted for grasping and for carrying objects . The extremity of each arm, known as

420-536: The water with their tails to indicate danger, felids raise and quiver their tails while scent-marking , and canids (including domestic dogs ) indicate emotions through the positioning and movement of their tails. Rattlesnakes perform tail vibration to generate a distinct rattling noise that signals aggression and warns potential predators to stay away. Some species of lizard (e.g. geckos ) can self-amputate ("cast") their tails from their bodies to help them escape predators , which are either distracted by

441-405: The wriggling detached tail or only manages to seize the severed tail while the lizard flees. Tails cast in this manner generally grow back over time, though the replacement is typically darker in colour than the original and contains only cartilage , not bone. Various species of rat demonstrate a similar function with their tails, known as degloving , in which the outer layer is shed in order for

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