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25-596: As of 31 December 2023, Limpertsberg had a population of about 11,424 inhabitants. In the south, on the border with the main city is the Glacis , a large open air parking lot which hosts the annual Schueberfouer fair, the largest fair in the country. Next to the Glacis is the Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg . Limpertsberg's Notre-Dame Cemetery has a Monument de la résistance et de la déportation (Monument of

50-505: A tilt-rod fuze are also designed to detonate directly underneath the glacis plate. As a result, it is generally the thickest, most robust armored section of a tank, followed by the turret face and gun mantlet . Kleppelkrich [REDACTED] Pieter Corbeels   [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Emmanuel Rollier  [ fr ] The Peasants' War ( French : Guerre des Paysans , Dutch : Boerenkrijg , German : Klöppelkrieg , Luxembourgish : Klëppelkrich )

75-400: A head-on-head armored engagement, the glacis plate is the largest and most obvious target available to an enemy gunner. Sloped armour has two advantages: many projectiles will deflect rather than penetrate; those that attempt to will have to travel on a longer diagonal route through any given thickness of armor than if it were perpendicular to their trajectory. Anti-tank mines that employ

100-423: A medieval castle or in early modern fortresses . They may be constructed of earth as a temporary structure or of stone in more permanent structure. More generally, a glacis is any slope, natural or artificial, which fulfils the above requirements. The etymology of this French word suggests a slope made dangerous with ice, hence the relationship with glacier . A glacis plate is the sloped front-most section of

125-441: A parish church to the rapidly increasing population of Limpertsberg. By necessity, Limpertsberg could not begin its actual development into a residential and education district until after the dismantlement of the fortress from 1867. Only few houses or residents of Limpertsberg are mentioned historically in the era of the fortress. The siege map of 1795 does not mention one single house on the whole plateau. For strategic reasons, all

150-576: The Boerenkrijg , it is referenced by some historians as a Belgian national revolt, and an indication of a desire for independence by Belgium. In Flanders the revolt was somewhat organized, with the people seeking aid from foreign nations such as Great Britain and Prussia . The revolution began on 12 October 1798, with peasants taking up arms against the French in Overmere . Initially the rebellion

175-970: The University of Luxembourg , the Lycée de garçons (LGL), the Lycée Robert Schuman , the Lycée Vauban , the Lycée Technique des Arts et Métiers , the Lycée Technique du Centre , the Lycée Technique Michel Lucius , the French school as well as the Waldorf school. The district also houses St Joseph's Roman Catholic church completed in the Neo-Romanesque style in 1913. In the Middle Ages,

200-835: The Deportation at Notre-Dame cemetery in Luxembourg City . To the south east is another iconic landmark, the Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge , also known as the Red Bridge due to its colour. It connects Limpertsberg to the European district of Kirchberg , passing over the City quarter of Pfaffenthal and the Alzette river. Limpertsberg also has several educational institutions such as, parts of

225-649: The French Council of Five Hundred passed a law requiring compulsory military service . This law ordered the conscription of men between the ages of 20 and 25 in all French territories. General conscription was an innovation and was met with anger by the men who were forced into service. The majority of the conflict during the Peasants' War occurred in Flanders ( Lys and Scheldt départements) and Brabant ( Deux-Nèthes and Dyle départements). Referred to as

250-558: The Virgin Mary was torn down in 1796 by French Revolutionary troops; only a year previously, it had been turned into a garrison slaughterhouse. Today, a bronze memorial plaque donated by the Lampertsbierger Syndikat in 1935 and designed by local artist Michel Haagen, serves as a reminder of the former " Glaciskapelle " ("Glacis chapel"). In 1691, the chapel cemetery ( Kapellekiirfecht ) had been inaugurated behind

275-473: The angle of their guns while firing. Furthermore, the glacis prevents attacking cannon from having a clear shot at the walls of a fortress, as usually these cannot be seen until the glacis is crossed and the ditch, bounded on either side by the smooth, masoned scarp and counterscarp , is reached. The term glacis plate describes the sloped front-most section of the hull of a tank or other armored fighting vehicle, often composed of upper and lower halves. In

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300-409: The arable soil had been carried away from the current Glacis during 1745- 48; the goal here was to deprive an attacking force of the opportunity to dig in in front of the fortress, as the French troops under Vauban and Créquy had done in 1684. Glacis A glacis ( / ˈ ɡ l eɪ . s ɪ s / , French: [ɡlasi] ) in military engineering is an artificial slope as part of

325-457: The area of the current Limpertsberg quarter had a forest. John the Blind , King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg, mentioned a new mill "under the forest Lymperich" in a legal document in 1314, the first historical mention of Limpertsberg. A 1411 agreement between Wenceslas II and an alderman similarly refers to Limpertsberg as being a wooded area. During the time of the fortress , Limpertsberg

350-539: The chapel, which gradually developed into the present-day Notre-Dame Cemetery, especially since 1778 when the city parish church of St. Nicholas was dismantled and the city's main cemetery was relocated to Notre-Dame. Although the official name for this is the "Cimetière Notre-Dame", in common parlance the name "Niklooskiirfecht" is still used today. Near the cemetery, 7 rebels of the Kleppelkrich were executed by firing squad on 8 January 1799. Their leader Michel Pintz

375-702: The crossing between the current Avenue de la Faiencerie and the Allée Scheffer had been constructed from 1624 to 1627 at the instigation of the Jesuit priest Jakob Brocquart, and was generously endowed by several rich urban nobles and citizens. Within a short amount of time, this chapel, with the statue of Mary the Comforter of the Afflicted , developed into the central Marian shrine of Luxembourg, meaning that it had to be expanded already in 1640. The shrine to

400-611: The hull of a tank or other armoured fighting vehicle . A glacis could also appear in ancient fortresses, such as the one the ancient Egyptians built at Semna in Nubia . Here it was used by them to prevent enemy siege engines from weakening defensive walls . Hillforts in Britain started to incorporate glacis around 350 BC. Those at Maiden Castle , Dorset were 25 metres (82 ft) high. Glacises, also called taluses , were incorporated into medieval fortifications to strengthen

425-644: The national resistance and deportation). The cemetery features the bronze sculpture of The Political Prisoner by Luxembourg's best-known sculptor Lucien Wercollier . The Limpertsberg bronze is one of three casts of the sculpture, with the other two at the Musée national de la résistance ( National Resistance Museum ) in Esch-sur-Alzette and the National Monument to the Resistance and to

450-407: The same height as the curtain walls and converted into gun platforms. Early modern European fortresses were so constructed as to keep any potential assailant under the fire of the defenders until the last possible moment. On natural, level ground, troops attacking any high work have a degree of shelter from its fire when close up to it; the glacis consists of a slope with a low grade inclined towards

475-440: The top of the wall. This gave defenders a direct line of sight into the assaulting force, allowing them to efficiently sweep the field with fire from the parapet . Additionally, but secondarily, the bank of earth would shield the walls from being hit directly by cannon fire. Though defenders on high ground already have a direct line of sight, a glacis allows the field of fire to be swept more efficiently by minimizing changes to

500-463: The walls against undermining, to hamper escalades and so that missiles dropped from the battlements would ricochet off the glacis into attacking forces. Towards the end of the medieval period some castles were modified to make them defensible against cannons. Glacis consisting of earthen slopes faced with stones were placed in front of the curtain walls and bastions (towers) to absorb the impact of cannon shots or to deflect them. Towers were lowered to

525-674: Was a peasant revolt in 1798 against the French occupiers of the Southern Netherlands , a region which now includes Belgium , Luxembourg , and parts of Germany . The French had annexed the region in 1795 and control of the region was officially ceded to the French after the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797. The revolt is considered part of the French Revolutionary Wars . After the Southern Netherlands

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550-524: Was annexed by France, the French revolutionaries began to implement their policies regarding the Catholic Church . The Civil Constitution of the Clergy required that priests take an oath of allegiance to the state. Priests who refused such an oath (non-juring priests) were considered to be enemies of the state and could be removed from their positions and homes. Additionally, in early 1798,

575-430: Was executed on 20 May of the same year by guillotine. A commemorative stone serves as a reminder of this event, made by Edmond Lux, and installed in front of the cemetery in 1974 at the instigation of the publisher François Mersch. The new Glacis chapel, endowed by Bishop Nicolas Adames and designed by the state architect Charles Arendt, was completed in 1885. In the first years of the 20th century, it temporarily served as

600-435: Was predominantly agricultural in nature, its plateau's image being marked by fields and gardens. The fortress's regulations forbade any significant construction on the land in front of the fortifications. The Prussian law of 1827/28 for the lower Limpertsberg area only permitted light wooden buildings. However, the most important building of modern Limpertsberg had by then long since ceased to exist. The chapel of Notre-Dame at

625-582: Was somewhat successful. However, it was crushed less than two months later, on 5 December in Hasselt , because the peasants lacked proper arms and training. An estimated 5,000–10,000 people were killed during the uprising. Additionally, 170 leaders of the rebellion were executed . In Luxembourg ( Forêts département), the revolt was called Klëppelkrich . This revolt quickly spread, consuming most of West Eifel . The primary combatants in Luxembourg were

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