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Lin-Manuel Miranda

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78-683: Lin-Manuel Miranda ( / m æ n ˈ w ɛ l / ; born January 16, 1980) is an American songwriter, actor, singer, filmmaker, rapper, and librettist . He created the Broadway musicals In the Heights (2005) and Hamilton (2015), and the soundtracks for the animated films Moana (2016), Vivo , and Encanto (both 2021). He has received numerous accolades including a Pulitzer Prize , three Tony Awards , two Laurence Olivier Awards , two Primetime Emmy Awards , and five Grammy Awards , along with nominations for two Academy Awards . He received

156-480: A Sony Pictures Animation film directed by Kirk DeMicco which was released on Netflix in August 2021. Miranda agreed in 2016 to serve as executive producer and composer of Lionsgate 's film adaptation of The Kingkiller Chronicle by Patrick Rothfuss , as well as a tie-in television series. In 2022, it was revealed that he was no longer attached to the project. Miranda also worked in television. In 2007, he made

234-525: A Little Lamb . He was a composer and actor on the 2009 revival of The Electric Company and appeared in the CollegeHumor sketch "Hardly Working: Rap Battle", playing himself working as an intern and rapper. He played several television roles during this period. He appeared on the TV series Modern Family in the 2011 episode " Good Cop Bad Dog ". In 2013, he played the recurring role of Ruben Marcado in

312-892: A Musical . Miranda won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the musical, and the Hamilton cast album won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album . In May 2016, for his work in the role of Alexander Hamilton, Miranda received the Drama League Distinguished Performance Award . On March 15, 2016, members of the cast of Hamilton performed at the White House and hosted workshops; Miranda performed freestyle rap from prompts held up by President Obama. In April 2016, Miranda and Jeremy McCarter published Hamilton: The Revolution ,

390-407: A benefit concert of Camelot at Lincoln Center opposite Solea Pfeiffer and Jordan Donica . In 2023, he wrote additional lyrics for the Broadway musical New York, New York . In August 2023, it was reported that he had begun work on a stage musical adaptation of the novel The Warriors (which was formerly adapted into the 1979 film of the same name ). Miranda worked with Eisa Davis on

468-436: A book describing Hamilton ' s journey from conception to Broadway success. It also discusses the sense of cultural revolution that permeates the show. Miranda gave his last performance in Hamilton on July 9, 2016, but vowed to return to the show. In 2017, he announced that he would reprise the role for one night in celebration of President Obama's commutation of the sentence of Oscar López Rivera . A documentary about

546-511: A concept album based on the novel, Warriors , which was released on October 18, 2024. Miranda made his feature film debut in the Walt Disney Pictures live-action film The Odd Life of Timothy Green (2012). Miranda interviewed with Disney in the winter of 2013. He submitted a six-song demo package to Walt Disney Animation Studios . This began a series of collaborations with the company: A feature film adaptation of In

624-435: A film director with an adaptation of Jonathan Larson 's semi-autobiographical musical Tick, Tick... Boom! , to be scripted by Dear Evan Hansen librettist Steven Levenson . Miranda produced the film alongside Ron Howard and Brian Grazer : it was released on Netflix in 2021. The same year, Miranda starred as the titular character in addition to providing eleven songs and serving as an executive producer for Vivo ,

702-472: A guest role on Curb Your Enthusiasm in 2018; he was nominated twice for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series . He has been politically active on behalf of Puerto Rico . Miranda met with politicians in 2016 to speak out in favor of debt relief for Puerto Rico and raised funds for rescue efforts and disaster relief after Hurricane Maria in 2017. Miranda

780-443: A highly successful play by its librettist, Gabriele D'Annunzio , a celebrated Italian poet, novelist and dramatist of the day. In some cases, the operatic adaptation has become more famous than the literary text on which it was based, as with Claude Debussy 's Pelléas et Mélisande after a play by Maurice Maeterlinck . The question of which is more important in opera – the music or the words – has been debated over time, and forms

858-644: A hip hop improv group that has toured the Edinburgh Festival Fringe , as well as the Aspen, Melbourne and Montreal Comedy festivals. The group created a limited television series for Pivot in 2014 and made its Broadway debut on October 2, 2019, at the Booth Theatre . The self-titled show gained positive reviews. Miranda co-wrote the music and lyrics for Bring It On: The Musical with Tom Kitt and Amanda Green . Bring It On premiered at

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936-658: A leap that big again in my life. I was very content to let Anthony Ramos and this incredible cast have their own experience." Miranda also served as producer and acted alongside Anthony Ramos, Corey Hawkins , Leslie Grace , and Jimmy Smits . The film was set for release on June 26, 2020, but was pulled from the schedule due to the COVID-19 pandemic 's impact on the film industry . It was released in theaters and temporarily on HBO Max on June 10, 2021. Imagine Entertainment announced in July 2018 that Miranda would make his debut as

1014-703: A meeting with President Barack Obama in March 2016, Miranda joined U.S. Senators Kirsten Gillibrand , Chuck Schumer , Elizabeth Warren , and other Democratic lawmakers to call for congressional action to back a Senate bill in Washington that would allow Puerto Rico to declare bankruptcy and significantly ease its $ 70 billion government-debt burden . Miranda was particularly active in the wake of Hurricane Maria 's devastation in Puerto Rico, and by December 2017, proceeds from his song " Almost Like Praying " helped

1092-647: A revised version of Schwartz and Nina Faso's 1978 musical Working , which opened in May 2008 at the Asolo Repertory Theatre in Sarasota, Florida . During these years, Miranda worked as an English teacher at his former high school, wrote for the Manhattan Times as a columnist and restaurant critic , and composed music for commercials. In 2003, Miranda co-founded Freestyle Love Supreme ,

1170-486: A series of outdoor mini-performances for lottery participants that was hosted daily by Miranda and cast members for over a year, until August 31, 2016. Miranda earned a 3% royalty on each performance of Hamilton , earning him $ 12.7 million by July 2017. Hamilton won the Tony Award for Best Musical ; Miranda won Tony Awards for Best Original Score and Best Book of a Musical and was nominated for Best Actor in

1248-404: A small appearance on the television series The Sopranos in the episode " Remember When ", and in 2009, he played Juan "Alvie" Alvarez, Gregory House 's roommate in a psychiatric hospital, in the two-hour season six premiere episode of House ; he returned to the role in May 2010. For Sesame Street , he occasionally played roles and sang the theme song to the recurring segment Murray Has

1326-445: A subject and developing a sketch of the action in the form of a scenario , as well as revisions that might come about when the work is in production, as with out-of-town tryouts for Broadway musicals, or changes made for a specific local audience. A famous case of the latter is Wagner's 1861 revision of the original 1845 Dresden version of his opera Tannhäuser for Paris. The opera libretto from its inception ( c.  1600 )

1404-542: Is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass , requiem and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet . The Italian word libretto ( pronounced [liˈbretto] , plural libretti [liˈbretti] ) is the diminutive of the word libro ("book"). Sometimes other-language equivalents are used for libretti in that language, livret for French works, Textbuch for German and libreto for Spanish. A libretto

1482-466: Is distinct from a synopsis or scenario of the plot, in that the libretto contains all the words and stage directions, while a synopsis summarizes the plot. Some ballet historians also use the word libretto to refer to the 15- to 40-page books which were on sale to 19th century ballet audiences in Paris and contained a very detailed description of the ballet's story, scene by scene. The relationship of

1560-602: Is greatly different from the Edna Ferber novel from which it was adapted , uses some of Ferber's original dialogue, notably during the miscegenation scene. And Lionel Bart 's Oliver! uses chunks of dialogue from Charles Dickens 's novel Oliver Twist , although it bills itself as a "free adaptation" of the novel. As the originating language of opera, Italian dominated that genre in Europe (except in France) well through

1638-419: Is not always written before the music. Some composers, such as Mikhail Glinka , Alexander Serov , Rimsky-Korsakov , Puccini and Mascagni wrote passages of music without text and subsequently had the librettist add words to the vocal melody lines (this has often been the case with American popular song and musicals in the 20th century, as with Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart 's collaboration, although with

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1716-462: The FX limited series Fosse/Verdon based on the relationship of Broadway dancer, choreographer, and director Bob Fosse and his wife dancer Gwen Verdon . Miranda also made a brief appearance playing Roy Scheider from All That Jazz . The series won critical acclaim, and Miranda was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited or Anthology Series as an executive producer. Miranda

1794-651: The Fordham University School of Law . She was a lawyer at the law firm Jones Day from 2010 to 2016. At the wedding reception, Miranda, along with the wedding party, performed the Fiddler on the Roof song " To Life ". Miranda and Nadal have two sons: Sebastian (b. 2014) and Francisco (b. 2018). His son Sebastian was named after the Jamaican crab from The Little Mermaid , one of his favorite films,

1872-534: The Hispanic Federation raise $ 22 million for rescue efforts and disaster relief. Miranda uses proceeds from Hamilton to support Graham Windham , a nonprofit adoption agency founded by Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton . Miranda performs at their fundraising gala benefits in New York City and helps to fundraise for children in foster care. He performed " Found/Tonight " with Ben Platt at

1950-764: The Inwood neighborhood of Manhattan and was raised as a Catholic . During childhood and his teens, Miranda spent at least one month each year with his grandparents in Vega Alta , Puerto Rico. Miranda has one older sister, Luz, who is the Chief Financial Officer of the MirRam Group, a strategic consulting firm in Government and Communications. Miranda attended Hunter College Elementary School and Hunter College High School . Among his classmates

2028-576: The Kennedy Center Honors in 2018. Miranda made his Broadway debut in 2008, writing the music and lyrics for and starring in the musical In the Heights , which won the Tony Awards for Best Musical and Best Original Score and the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album . It was later adapted as a 2021 film of the same name. Miranda returned to Broadway in 2015, writing the script, music, and lyrics for as well as starring in

2106-595: The March for Our Lives anti-gun violence rally in Washington, D.C., on March 24, 2018. In order to raise money for Puerto Rico's reconstruction after being struck by hurricanes Irma and María , including at least $ 15 million to be channeled through the Flamboyán Foundation, Lin-Manuel decided to take, and once again play the protagonist role in Hamilton to his father's native Puerto Rico. The Miranda family donated approximately $ 1 million to bring

2184-726: The UK Singles charts. He starred as Jack in the musical fantasy Mary Poppins Returns (2018), for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . For his performance in the Disney+ live stage recording of Hamilton released in 2020, he received a Golden Globe and Primetime Emmy Award nominations. Miranda debuted as a film director with Tick, Tick...Boom! (2021). His television work includes recurring roles on The Electric Company (2009–2010) and His Dark Materials (2019–2022). Miranda hosted Saturday Night Live in 2016 and had

2262-648: The University of Puerto Rico theater up to par in order to use it as the venue for the musical's performance in January 2018. After tickets sold out in two hours for the three-week run, producers decided to move out of the university venue due to warnings of potential disruptions by a university workers' labor organization, and move the already-installed set to the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center in Santurce , where

2340-422: The aria " Nessun dorma " from Puccini's Turandot , the final lines in the libretto are "Tramontate, stelle! All'alba, vincerò!" (Fade, you stars! At dawn, I will win!). However, in the score they are sung as "Tramontate, stelle! Tramontate, stelle! All'alba, vincerò! Vincerò! Vincerò!". Because the modern musical tends to be published in two separate but intersecting formats (i.e., the book and lyrics, with all

2418-431: The librettist (that is, the writer of a libretto) to the composer in the creation of a musical work has varied over the centuries, as have the sources and the writing techniques employed. In the context of a modern English-language musical theatre piece, the libretto is considered to encompass both the book of the work (i.e., the spoken dialogue) and the sung lyrics. Libretti for operas, oratorios and cantatas in

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2496-415: The public domain ) this format is supplemented with melodic excerpts of musical notation for important numbers. Printed scores for operas naturally contain the entire libretto, although there can exist significant differences between the score and the separately printed text. More often than not, this involves the extra repetition of words or phrases from the libretto in the actual score. For example, in

2574-834: The "Most Influential People in the World" and he received a star on the Puerto Rico Walk of Fame. Miranda received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on November 30, 2018. In December 2018, he received the Kennedy Center Honors for creating Hamilton . Libretto A libretto (From the Italian word libretto , lit.   ' booklet ' ) is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera , operetta , masque , oratorio , cantata or musical . The term libretto

2652-463: The 17th and 18th centuries were generally written by someone other than the composer, often a well-known poet. Pietro Trapassi , known as Metastasio (1698–1782) was one of the most highly regarded librettists in Europe. His libretti were set many times by many different composers. Another noted 18th-century librettist was Lorenzo Da Ponte . He wrote the libretti for three of Mozart 's greatest operas, and for many other composers as well. Eugène Scribe

2730-619: The 18th century, and even into the next century in Russia, for example, when the Italian opera troupe in Saint Petersburg was challenged by the emerging native Russian repertory. Significant exceptions before 1800 can be found in Purcell 's works, Handel 's first operas, ballad opera and Singspiel of the 18th century, etc. Just as with literature and song, the libretto has its share of problems and challenges with translation . In

2808-564: The 2010s. A frequent collaborator of the Walt Disney Company , Miranda has written original songs for the studio. He gained two Academy Award for Best Original Song nominations for " How Far I'll Go " and " Dos Oruguitas " from Moana and Encanto , respectively. The song " We Don't Talk About Bruno " from Encanto broke various records and marked Miranda's first number-one song on the US Billboard Hot 100 and

2886-555: The 2015 History Makers Award from the New York Historical Society for their work in creating the musical. The show began previews on Broadway in July 2015 at the Richard Rodgers Theatre and officially opened on August 6, 2015, earning positive reviews. On the first night of Hamilton previews, over 700 people lined up for lottery tickets. The Hamilton ticket lottery evolved into Ham4Ham ,

2964-501: The 2016 act has not led to the promised relief. Among his numerous accolades, Miranda has won a Pulitzer Prize , five Grammys , three Tony Awards , two Primetime Emmy Awards , and two Olivier Awards and has been nominated for two Academy Awards . In 2015, he was the recipient of a Genius Grant from the MacArthur Fellows Program . In 2016, Time magazine included Miranda in its annual Time 100 as one of

3042-781: The Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia in January 2011. The musical began a US national tour on October 30, 2011, in Los Angeles, California. It played a limited engagement on Broadway at the St. James Theatre , beginning previews on July 12, and officially opening on August 1, 2012. It closed on December 30, 2012. It was nominated for Tony Awards in the categories of Best Musical and Best Choreography. In February 2012, Miranda appeared in Merrily We Roll Along , in

3120-405: The Heights spent many years in development. On November 7, 2008, Universal Pictures announced that they planned to adapt it as a film for release in 2011. However, the project was canceled in March 2011, reportedly due to the fact Universal was looking for a "bankable Latino star" like Shakira or Jennifer Lopez instead of unknown actors. In January 2012, Miranda stated that the film adaptation

3198-482: The Heights . Playwright Quiara Alegría Hudes joined the team in 2004. After premiering in Connecticut in 2005 and opening at the 37 Arts Theater off-Broadway in 2007, the musical went to Broadway , opening in March 2008. It was nominated for 13 Tony Awards , winning four, including Best Musical and Best Original Score . It also won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album . Miranda's performance in

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3276-465: The Lilacs , Carousel used dialogue from Ferenc Molnár 's Liliom , My Fair Lady took most of its dialogue word-for-word from George Bernard Shaw 's Pygmalion , Man of La Mancha was adapted from the 1959 television play I, Don Quixote , which supplied most of the dialogue, and the 1954 musical version of Peter Pan used J. M. Barrie 's dialogue. Even the musical Show Boat , which

3354-755: The NBC drama Do No Harm . He later appeared in the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother , in an all-verse episode titled "Bedtime Stories" that aired in November 2013. On April 24, 2016, on the TV show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver , at the end of a segment about the debt crisis in Puerto Rico, Miranda performed an emotional rap about allowing the island to restructure its debt. Miranda hosted Saturday Night Live on October 8, 2016, and played himself in two episodes of Curb Your Enthusiasm in 2017, receiving Emmy Award nominations for both appearances. In 2019, Miranda

3432-433: The Roof has a composer ( Jerry Bock ), a lyricist ( Sheldon Harnick ) and the writer of the "book" ( Joseph Stein ). In rare cases, the composer writes everything except the dance arrangements – music, lyrics and libretto, as Lionel Bart did for Oliver! . Other matters in the process of developing a libretto parallel those of spoken dramas for stage or screen. There are the preliminary steps of selecting or suggesting

3510-482: The United States which many Puerto Ricans see as an oppressor of the island. During the post show, Miranda met with protestors explaining that he had seen PROMESA as the only bipartisan option for the debt crisis previously, he does not support the austerity measures introduced and that he believes full debt-relief should now be pursued. Subsequently, he has argued for full debt-relief for the island and noted that

3588-472: The basis of at least two operas, Richard Strauss 's Capriccio and Antonio Salieri 's Prima la musica e poi le parole . Libretti have been made available in several formats, some more nearly complete than others. The text – i.e., the spoken dialogue, song lyrics and stage directions, as applicable – is commonly published separately from the music (such a booklet is usually included with sound recordings of most operas). Sometimes (particularly for operas in

3666-541: The book, he wrote a rap about Hamilton that he performed for the White House Evening of Poetry, Music, and the Spoken Word on May 12, 2009, accompanied by Alex Lacamoire . Miranda later said he spent a year writing the Hamilton song " My Shot ", revising it countless times so that every verse would reflect Alexander Hamilton's intellect. By 2012, Miranda was performing an extended set of pieces based on

3744-399: The closure of over 200 public schools, cuts to government labor benefits, and budget cuts at the University of Puerto Rico (UPR). It was met with protests, with UPR shutting down due to student strikes over the measures in 2017. Miranda became a target of criticism, especially when he performed Hamilton in Puerto Rico, given his lobbying on the bill as well as the musical's subject matter of

3822-476: The composer (past or present) of the musical score to an opera or operetta is usually given top billing for the completed work, and the writer of the lyrics relegated to second place or a mere footnote, a notable exception being Gertrude Stein , who received top billing for Four Saints in Three Acts . Another exception was Alberto Franchetti 's 1906 opera La figlia di Iorio which was a close rendering of

3900-549: The composer. In some 17th-century operas still being performed, the name of the librettist was not even recorded. As the printing of libretti for sale at performances became more common, these records often survive better than music left in manuscript. But even in late 18th century London, reviews rarely mentioned the name of the librettist, as Lorenzo Da Ponte lamented in his memoirs. By the 20th century some librettists became recognised as part of famous collaborations, as with Gilbert and Sullivan or Rodgers and Hammerstein . Today

3978-587: The creation of the show, Hamilton's America , featuring Miranda, premiered at the New York Film Festival on October 1, 2016, and first aired on PBS ' Great Performances series on October 21, 2016. A taping of the OBT version of Hamilton was released on Disney+ on July 3, 2020. On January 24, 2016, Miranda performed the offstage cameo role of Loud Hailer in the Broadway production of Les Misérables , fulfilling his childhood dream of being in

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4056-605: The earliest draft of what would become his first Broadway musical, In the Heights, in 1999, during his sophomore year of college at Wesleyan University . After the show was accepted by Wesleyan's student theater company, Second Stage, Miranda added freestyle rap and salsa numbers, and the show was premiered there in 1999. Miranda wrote and directed several other musicals at Wesleyan and acted in many other productions, ranging from musicals to William Shakespeare . He graduated from Wesleyan in 2002. In 2002, Miranda and John Buffalo Mailer worked with director Thomas Kail to revise In

4134-420: The film eventually auctioned off to Warner Bros. for $ 50 million. While Miranda originated the role of Usnavi, he felt he was too old to star as Usnavi in the film adaptation. Ultimately, Miranda played the smaller role of Piraguero, the "Piragua Guy", in the film. He was quoted as saying the Broadway production was "...a miraculous experience. I went from substitute teacher to Broadway composer. I will never make

4212-599: The group in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where Miranda was invited to perform. Backstage, the mother of Residente and ILE revealed their connection to Gilberto Concepción de Gracia , founder of the Puerto Rican Independence Party . Miranda and Residente have since confirmed the relationship. In 2017, Miranda performed on the opening track of Residente's self-titled debut album . Miranda is a cousin of professional baseball player José Miranda . After

4290-521: The later team of Rodgers and Hammerstein the lyrics were generally written first, which was Rodgers' preferred modus operandi). Some composers wrote their own libretti. Richard Wagner is perhaps most famous in this regard, with his transformations of Germanic legends and events into epic subjects for his operas and music dramas. Hector Berlioz , too, wrote the libretti for two of his best-known works, La damnation de Faust and Les Troyens . Alban Berg adapted Georg Büchner 's play Woyzeck for

4368-478: The leading role of Usnavi earned him a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical . Miranda left the cast of the Broadway production on February 15, 2009. Miranda reprised the role when the national tour of In the Heights played in Los Angeles from June 23 to July 25, 2010. He again joined the tour in San Juan, Puerto Rico . Miranda rejoined the Broadway cast as Usnavi from December 25, 2010, until

4446-424: The libretto of Wozzeck . Sometimes the libretto is written in close collaboration with the composer; this can involve adaptation, as was the case with Rimsky-Korsakov and his librettist Vladimir Belsky , or an entirely original work. In the case of musicals, the music, the lyrics and the "book" (i.e., the spoken dialogue and the stage directions) may each have its own author. Thus, a musical such as Fiddler on

4524-492: The life of Hamilton, which he referred to as the Hamilton Mixtape. The New York Times called it "an obvious game changer". Hamilton: An American Musical premiered off-Broadway at The Public Theater in January 2015, directed by Thomas Kail. Miranda wrote the book and score and starred as the title character. The show received highly positive reviews, and its engagement was sold out. Chernow and Miranda received

4602-605: The lyrics for the song "Checks and Balances", which was sung by Benjy Brooke for the 2021 Netflix animated series We the People . He appears as Hermes , messenger of the gods, in Percy Jackson and the Olympians , which premiered on Disney+ on December 19, 2023. Miranda and his wife, Vanessa Nadal, attended high school together and married in 2010. Nadal is a graduate of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and

4680-402: The lyrics of the arias , duets , trios and choruses written in verse. The libretto of a musical, on the other hand, is almost always written in prose (except for the song lyrics). The libretto of a musical, if the musical is adapted from a play (or even a novel), may even borrow their source's original dialogue liberally – much as Oklahoma! used dialogue from Lynn Riggs 's Green Grow

4758-418: The musical Hamilton , which was praised by critics and became a popular culture phenomenon. Hamilton won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and was nominated for a record 16 Tony Awards and won 11, including Miranda's first win for the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical . The Hamilton cast recording spent 10 weeks atop Billboard ' s Top Rap Albums chart and became the eleventh-biggest album of

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4836-442: The old Betty Grable – Don Ameche – Carmen Miranda vehicles, are largely unaffected, but this practice is especially misleading in translations of musicals like Show Boat , The Wizard of Oz , My Fair Lady or Carousel , in which the lyrics to the songs and the spoken text are often or always closely integrated, and the lyrics serve to further the plot. Availability of printed or projected translations today makes singing in

4914-477: The original language more practical, although one cannot discount the desire to hear a sung drama in one's own language. The Spanish words libretista (playwright, script writer or screenwriter) and libreto (script or screen play), which are used in the Hispanic TV and cinema industry, derived their meanings from the original operatic sense. Librettists have historically received less prominent credit than

4992-629: The past (and even today), foreign musical stage works with spoken dialogue, especially comedies, were sometimes performed with the sung portions in the original language and the spoken dialogue in the vernacular. The effects of leaving lyrics untranslated depend on the piece. A man like Louis Durdilly would translate the whole libretto, dialogues and airs, into French: Così fan tutte became Ainsi font toutes, ou la Fidélité des femmes , and instead of Ferrando singing "Un' aura amorosa" French-speaking audiences were treated to Fernand singing "Ma belle est fidèle autant qu'elle est belle". Many musicals, such as

5070-577: The performances ran from January 11 to January 27. The production donated additional hundreds of thousands of dollars in improvements to the Ferré Performing Arts Center. In 2016, Miranda advocated for the passing of the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA), a law setting out to restructure the debt of Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria. The law led to budget cuts resulting in

5148-472: The production closed on January 9, 2011, after 29 previews and 1,185 regular performances. Miranda created other work for the stage during this period. He wrote Spanish-language dialogue and worked with Stephen Sondheim to translate into Spanish song lyrics for the 2009 Broadway revival of West Side Story . During this time, he also performed at bar and bat mitzvahs. In 2008, he was invited by composer-lyricist Stephen Schwartz to contribute two new songs to

5226-404: The reason for which he took the job of composing the music for the live-action version. Sebastian was the first name listed in the production babies credits of Moana , for which Miranda wrote the songs. Miranda's son Francisco is listed as a production baby in the credits for Vivo . Miranda discovered that he is related to artists Residente and iLe of Calle 13 during a 2009 concert by

5304-504: The role of Charley, in an Encores! staged concert at New York City Center . His theatrical achievements in 2014 included an Emmy Award for the song "Bigger!", which he and Kitt co-wrote for the opening number at the 67th Tony Awards . Miranda wrote music and lyrics for the one-act musical 21 Chump Street , and performed as narrator for the show's single performance at the Brooklyn Academy of Music on June 7, 2014. It

5382-439: The series needs". On July 29, 2019, it was announced that Miranda had teamed with TV producer Norman Lear to make an American Masters documentary about the life of Puerto Rican actress Rita Moreno , titled Rita Moreno: Just a Girl Who Decided to Go for It . It premiered at the 2021 Sundance Film Festival . Miranda, in collaboration with Brittany Howard , Daveed Diggs , Kristen Anderson-Lopez , and Robert Lopez , wrote

5460-579: The show, as it was the first production he ever saw on Broadway. In January 2019, Miranda reprised the title role in Hamilton for a three-week limited engagement at the Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center in Puerto Rico from January 11–27, 2019, for which the engagement was sold out in three hours in November 2018. In a review, Chris Jones praised "deeper on-stage emotions" in Miranda's reprisal, as well as improved vocal and dance technique than on Broadway. In March that same year he played King Arthur in

5538-427: Was Chris Hayes , now a journalist. He was Miranda's first director when Miranda starred in a school play, described by Hayes as "a 20-minute musical that featured a maniacal fetal pig in a nightmare that [Miranda] had cut up in biology class". His classmates also included Immortal Technique , a rapper who had bullied Miranda, although the two later became friends. Miranda began writing musicals at school. Miranda wrote

5616-458: Was back under discussion; in May 2016, it was announced that Miranda would co-produce the film with Harvey Weinstein and backing from The Weinstein Company . On June 10, 2016, Jon M. Chu came on board to direct the film adaptation of the musical . In the aftermath of numerous sexual misconduct allegations made against Weinstein, his producer credit on the film was removed, with the rights to

5694-602: Was born on January 16, 1980, in New York City to Luz Towns-Miranda, a clinical psychologist, and Luis Miranda Jr. , a political consultant . He is of predominately Puerto Rican descent and also has distant Mexican, English, and African American ancestry. His parents named him "Lin-Manuel" after a poem about the Vietnam War by Puerto Rican writer José Manuel Torres Santiago entitled " Nana roja para mi hijo Lin Manuel " ("Red Lullaby for My Son Lin Manuel"). Miranda grew up in

5772-537: Was broadcast on National Public Radio 's This American Life on June 20, 2014. Later that month, he starred in the June 2014 Encores! revival of Jonathan Larson 's Tick, Tick... Boom! , under the artistic direction of Jeanine Tesori . The show was directed by Oliver Butler . Earlier in 2014, he guest starred in a show by comedy duo The Skivvies . While on vacation in 2008, Lin-Manuel Miranda had read Ron Chernow 's biography of Alexander Hamilton . Inspired by

5850-453: Was cast as Lee Scoresby in the BBC series television adaptation of His Dark Materials (2019–2022). Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter praised Miranda in his review writing, "[While] I appreciate that Miranda feels initially miscast as Pullman's paragon of cowboy American masculinity...[he] forces you to reconstruct an image of American manliness around him, making him exactly what

5928-536: Was one of the most prolific librettists of the 19th century, providing the words for works by Meyerbeer (with whom he had a lasting collaboration), Auber , Bellini , Donizetti , Rossini and Verdi . The French writers' duo Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy wrote many opera and operetta libretti for the likes of Jacques Offenbach , Jules Massenet and Georges Bizet . Arrigo Boito , who wrote libretti for, among others, Giuseppe Verdi and Amilcare Ponchielli , also composed two operas of his own. The libretto

6006-550: Was the guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Disneyland . Miranda performed the theme song for the Netflix original series The Magic School Bus Rides Again , the revival and sequel series of the 1994 series The Magic School Bus . He played the part of Amy's brother (David Santiago) in the episode " The Golden Child " in Brooklyn Nine-Nine . In 2019, Miranda served as an executive producer on

6084-489: Was written in verse, and this continued well into the 19th century, although genres of musical theatre with spoken dialogue have typically alternated verse in the musical numbers with spoken prose. Since the late 19th century some opera composers have written music to prose or free verse libretti. Much of the recitatives of George Gershwin 's opera Porgy and Bess , for instance, are merely DuBose and Dorothy Heyward 's play Porgy set to music as written – in prose – with

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