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81-409: The Lindi Region borders on Pwani Region , Morogoro Region , Ruvuma Region , and Mtwara Region . The name Lindi is an old Swahili word meaning "hiding pits", a place where Swahili people will hide to defend themselves from hostile invasions. The region is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites , namely; Kilwa Kisiwani and Selous Game Reserve . According to the 2012 national census, the region had

162-486: A panicle or corymb up to 26 cm (10 in) long; each flower is small, pale green at first, then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7–15 millimetres ( 1 ⁄ 4 – 5 ⁄ 8  in) long. The largest cashew tree in the world covers an area around 7,500 m (81,000 sq ft) and is located in Natal , Brazil . The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called

243-401: A Spanish name for cashew). Cashew nuts are more widely traded than cashew apples, because the fruit, unlike the nut, is easily bruised and has a very limited shelf life. Cashew apple juice, however, may be used for manufacturing blended juices. When the apple is consumed, its astringency is sometimes removed by steaming the fruit for five minutes before washing it in cold water. Steeping

324-416: A consequence of hidden nut ingredients or traces of nuts that may inadvertently be introduced during food processing, handling, or manufacturing. The shell of the cashew nut contains oil compounds that can cause contact dermatitis similar to poison ivy , primarily resulting from the phenolic lipids , anacardic acid , and cardanol . Because it can cause dermatitis, cashews are typically not sold in

405-421: A dark yellow oil derived from pressing the cashew nuts (typically from lower-value broken chunks created accidentally during processing) and is used for cooking or as a salad dressing. The highest quality oil is produced from a single cold pressing. Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) or cashew shell oil ( CAS registry number 8007-24-7) is a natural resin with a yellowish sheen found in the honeycomb structure of

486-453: A double distillation process. The resulting beverage is called feni or fenny. Feni is about 40–42% alcohol (80–84 proof). The single-distilled version is called urrak , which is about 15% alcohol (30 proof). In Tanzania, the cashew apple ( bibo in Swahili ) is dried and reconstituted with water and fermented, then distilled to make a strong liquor called gongo . Cashew nut oil is

567-547: A husk, which accounts for approximately 5% of the total nut. Cashew nut husk is used in emerging industrial applications, such as an adsorbent , composites , biopolymers , dyes and enzyme synthesis. The mature cashew apple can be eaten fresh, cooked in curries, or fermented into vinegar, citric acid or an alcoholic drink. It is also used to make preserves, chutneys, and jams in some countries, such as India and Brazil. In many countries, particularly in South America,

648-474: A large scale. As of 2012, Pwani Region is divided into six districts , each administered by a council: However, additional districts have been added since 2012; Kibiti District and Chalinze District . Secondary (high) schools operated by the ministry of education in Pwani Region include: Cashew Cashew is the common name of a tropical evergreen tree Anacardium occidentale , in

729-402: A less frequent allergen than other tree nuts or peanuts . For up to 6% of children and 3% of adults, consuming cashews may cause allergic reactions , ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening anaphylaxis . These allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. Reactions to cashew and tree nuts can also occur as

810-523: A paste that forms a base of sauces for curries (e.g., korma ), or some sweets (e.g., kaju barfi ). It is also used in powdered form in the preparation of several Indian sweets and desserts. In Goan cuisine , both roasted and raw kernels of Goa Kaju are used whole for making curries and sweets. Cashews are also used in Thai and Chinese cuisines , generally in whole form. In the Philippines, cashew

891-535: A population of 864,652, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 960,236. For 2002–2012, the region's 0.9 percent average annual population growth rate was the 29th highest in the country. It was also the least densely populated region with 13 people per square kilometer. Lindi Region is the third largest region in Tanzania with a total area of 66,040 km (25,500 sq mi), after Morogoro Region at 70,624 km (27,268 sq mi). Lindi 's size

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972-469: A pseudocarp or false fruit). What appears to be the fruit is an oval or pear-shaped structure, a hypocarpium , that develops from the pedicel and the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as marañón , it ripens into a yellow or red structure about 5–11 cm (2– 4 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) long. The true fruit of the cashew tree

1053-541: A substantially larger percentage of people who had completed their education (41.9%). (34.9 percent). The similar arrangement holds true for those who were actively enrolled, with 23.1 percent of the rural population and 28.7 percent of the urban population both attending school.Liwale District Council had the highest district council attendance percentage (26.9%), followed by Lindi Municipal Council (26.4%) and Nachingwea District Council (23.4%). (25.4 percent). Ruangwa District Council (20.8%) and Lindi District Council (22.2%) had

1134-517: A tropical savanna climate with a Köppen climate classification of 49 and Aw. Lindi Eegion receives annual precipitation level of 750 to 1200 millimeters, often raining in February and March during the wet season . The average temperature is lower at Nachingwea with a monthly mean of 22.2 degrees Celsius and a monthly mean temperature of 27.7 degrees Celsius at the coast in Kilwa Masoko . Lindi

1215-565: A variety of activities, including exploration (prospecting and retention), mining (small, medium, and large scales), processing, smelting, and reefing, as well as mineral business (dealer's and broker's) licenses. Graphite, feldspar, salt, coal, gold, marble, nickel, copper, manganese, iron ore, limestone, gem, gypsum, and other minerals may be found in Lindi. Lindi is the only Tanzanian region that hosts two of Tanzania's UNESCO World Heritage Site , within its borders, namely, Selous Game Reserve and

1296-624: A variety of issues, including a drop in seaweed prices and illnesses, are causing a yearly fall in seaweed yield. Lindi is one of the most forested regions in Tanzania with 57.17% of the region being covered in forests. 38% of these forested lands are within Nyerere National Park and Selous Game Reserve . Moreover, 6% of land in the Lindi Region is part of the National Forest Reserves. In addition, 12% of

1377-679: Is Mnacho, a 1 square kilometer area of thickets and shrubs planted with acacia siamea in 1978 to provide woodfuel for the town of Lindi. It is located on the road between Lindi and Mingoyo/Mnazi Mmoja. This is now a part of the Lindi Municipality, along with the Mkunguru forest, which is located about 20 km south of the Lindi Creek. Despite being degazetted in 1960 (GN No 487), the Livengula Forest Reserve, which

1458-430: Is a kidney -shaped or boxing glove -shaped drupe that grows at the end of the cashew apple. The drupe first develops on the tree and then the pedicel expands to become the cashew apple. The drupe becomes the true fruit, a single shell -encased seed , which is often considered a nut in the culinary sense. The seed is surrounded by a double shell that contains an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid —which

1539-449: Is a known product of Antipolo and is eaten with suman . The province of Pampanga also has a sweet dessert called turrones de casuy , which is cashew marzipan wrapped in white wafers. In Indonesia, roasted and salted cashews are called kacang mete or kacang mede , while the cashew apple is called jambu monyet ( lit. 'monkey rose apple'). In the 21st century, cashew cultivation increased in several African countries to meet

1620-534: Is a light reddish to yellow fruit, whose pulp and juice can be processed into a sweet, astringent fruit drink or fermented and distilled into liquor. The cashew tree is large and evergreen , growing to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with a short, often irregularly shaped trunk. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4–22 centimetres ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 8 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) long and 2–15 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 –6 in) broad, with smooth margins. The flowers are produced in

1701-589: Is a potent skin irritant chemically related to the better-known and also toxic allergenic oil urushiol , which is found in the related poison ivy and lacquer tree . The English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree: caju ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʒu] ), also known as acaju , which itself is from the Tupi word acajú , literally meaning "nut that produces itself". The generic name Anacardium

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1782-579: Is around 7.1% of the entire Tanzanian territory. In comparison, Lindi is larger than the island nation of Sri Lanka which has a total land area of 62,732 square kilometers. Lindi Bay , located in the region, is one of the largest bays in the country. The highest peak in Lindi Region, Kongowele (830m) is located in Nachingwea District . Lindi has 23 islands in its territory with the largest being Songo Mnara Island, followed by Kilwa Kisiwani Island and Songo Songo Island. Lindi Region has

1863-536: Is composed of the Greek prefix ana- ( ἀνά- , aná , 'up, upward'), the Greek cardia ( καρδία , kardía , 'heart'), and the Neo-Latin suffix -ium . It possibly refers to the heart shape of the fruit, to "the top of the fruit stem" or to the seed. The word anacardium was earlier used to refer to Semecarpus anacardium (the marking nut tree) before Carl Linnaeus transferred it to

1944-473: Is cultivated in the tropics between 25°N and 25°S, and is well-adapted to hot lowland areas with a pronounced dry season, where the mango and tamarind trees also thrive. The traditional cashew tree is tall (up to 14 m (46 ft)) and takes three years from planting before it starts production, and eight years before economic harvests can begin. More recent breeds, such as the dwarf cashew trees, are up to 6 m (20 ft) tall and start producing after

2025-645: Is cultivated together with the cashew tree. Lindi is also home to many native trees include the miombo or ebony tree as well as other common savannah flora found in neighbouring regions and countries. Kitope (8 Km2) and Mbinga are two small forest remnants in the Lindi Region (6 Km2). Others include the Km2, Ringo, and Maleshi Forest Reserves, as well as Nanyoma Caves (which have a 4 acre trial patch of mninga trees). Low-lying plants and forest are present in Ngarama North and South. According to Erikson et al. in 1994,

2106-577: Is divided into two main agro-ecological zones; the coastal zone which is the main cultivation of tree crops such as cashew , coconut and mango . These areas are Lindi and Kilwa districts respectively with an elevation of 0 to 400 meters. Roughly 10% of farmers commercially grow cashews for export. The second agro-ecological zone is the midlands where the main cultivation of crops include maize , African rice , sesame and cassava . These areas are mostly Liwale and Nachingwea districts with an elevation of 300 to 900 meters above sea level. Rearing of livestock

2187-408: Is far from any populated areas. In terms of GDP, the regional economy of Lindi makes a very small contribution to the national economy, accounting for only about 2% of GDP. This is a result of the potentials not being fully utilized to contribute to the national economy generally and the regional economy specifically. In fact, Singida, Pwani, and Lindi are the three regions that contribute the least to

2268-567: Is home to a number of major rivers, the largest being Mbwemkuru River . Other major rivers are Matandu River , Lukuledi River and Mavuji River . Some tributary rivers of the Rufiji River that begin in Lindi Region are Njenje River and Lukuliro River . Lindi Region is also home to the Tendaguru Formation , a Late Jurassic fossil record, where a complete skeleton of the largest land animals to ever exist; Giraffatitan

2349-504: Is native to tropical South America and later was distributed around the world in the 1500s by Portuguese explorers . Portuguese colonists in Brazil began exporting cashew nuts as early as the 1550s. The Portuguese took it to Goa , formerly Estado da Índia Portuguesa in India, between 1560 and 1565. From there, it spread throughout Southeast Asia and eventually Africa. The cashew tree

2430-548: Is next to Lake Narunyu and directly to the north of the coconut plantation, continues to be a cashewnut woods. The Mtama Forest is situated 2 km from Masasi. The woodlands of Lionjo and Nyera/Kiperere in the Liwale and Nachingwea Districts are close to the Liwale to Nachingwea Road. The least vulnerable coastal forest in Tanzania is Lungonya Forest, which is located in the Seleou Game Reserve's far north-east corner and

2511-483: Is often simply called a 'cashew'. In 2019, four million tonnes of cashew nuts were produced globally, with Ivory Coast and India the leading producers. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. The shell of the cashew seed yields derivatives that can be used in many applications including lubricants, waterproofing, paints, and, starting in World War II, arms production. The cashew apple

Lindi Region - Misplaced Pages Continue

2592-544: Is organised into 28 fishing groups. Currently, there are 6 groups in Kilwa district, 14 in Lindi Town, and 8 in Lindi district. Aquaculture is significant in the region with 125 saltwater fish farms and 148 freshwater fish farms. Fish stocking in man-made dams, sea weed farming, and fishing in the ocean, rivers, and dams are all part of the region's fishing industry. The Indian Ocean, River Lukuredi, Lake Rutamba, and dams are

2673-515: Is slightly larger than Belgium (32,133 square kilometres (12,407 sq mi)). The native peoples of the Pwani Region are the Zaramo , Kwere , Doe , Ndengereko , Zigua , and Rufiji . The Zaramo are the dominant people group in Pwani Region and are native to central Pwani, specifically in Kisarawe, Kibaha, Mkuranga, and Bagamoyo districts. The second-largest group in terms of the territory

2754-421: Is still low in Lindi compared to other regions. There are hardly any manufacturing industries in the Lindi region. The Region had one sawmill (ISIC 161), one manufacturer of chemical products (ISIC 202), and one furniture manufacturer, per the 2009 Annual Survey of Industrial Production for enterprises employing 10 and above persons. Between Sudi village in the south of the Lindi district and Marendego village in

2835-502: Is the Rufiji people who are native to Rufiji and Kibiti districts. The Kwere and Doe are native to Bagamoyo District and also southern Zigua people. In 2012, the region had 1,098,668 residents, up from 885,017 in the 2002 Population Census, indicating a considerable increase of 213,651 individuals (24.1%) during the intercensal period. The region has a population of 2.5 percent of Tanzania's overall population. When compared to other regions on

2916-559: The Tanga Region to the north, Morogoro Region to the west, Lindi Region to the south, and surrounds Dar es Salaam Region to the east. The Indian Ocean also borders the region to its northeast and southeast. The region is home to Mafia Island , the Rufiji delta and Saadani National Park . The region is home to Bagamoyo town, a historical Swahili settlement, and the first colonial capital of German East Africa . According to

2997-435: The 2002 and 2012 Censuses, the population of the Lindi Region as a whole increased by 9.8%. However, over a 14-year period (1988–2002), the population of the Lindi Region as a whole has grown by 1.4%. All Lindi districts saw population growth between the 2002 and 2012 Censuses. Ruangwa District experienced the smallest population change, while Lindi Municipal Council experienced the biggest (91.9%) (5.7 percent). The district with

3078-419: The 2002 and 2012 censuses. For people aged 5 and older, the literacy rate improved from 54.4 to 63.2 percent, and for people aged 15 and older, it went from 59.1 to 68 percent. Male and female literacy rates among those aged 5 and older have likewise increased, from 61.1 to 67.8 percent for men and 48.4 to 59 percent for women. Ruangwa District Council (40.9%), Kilwa (43.4%), and Lindi District Council (43.4%) have

3159-448: The 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,098,668, which was slightly lower than the pre-census projection of 1,110,917. From 2002 to 2012, the region's 2.2 percent average annual population growth rate was the seventeenth-highest in the country. It was also the 21st most densely populated region with 34 people per square kilometre., According to the 2022 census the population had nearly doubled to 2,024,947. The region

3240-701: The DV) of dietary minerals , including particularly copper , manganese , phosphorus , and magnesium (79–110% DV), and of thiamin , vitamin B 6 and vitamin K (32–37% DV). Iron , potassium , zinc , and selenium are present in significant content (14–61% DV) (table). Cashews (100 g, raw) contain 113 milligrams (1.74 gr) of beta-sitosterol . Culinary uses for cashew seeds in snacking and cooking are similar to those for all tree seeds called nuts. Cashews are commonly used in South Asian cuisine , whole for garnishing sweets or curries, or ground into

3321-456: The GDP of the nation; Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, and Mbeya are the two regions that contribute the most. With 1,127,104 TZS annually, Lindi is ranked 11th out of 21 Tanzanian regions, followed by Rukwa, Mara, and Mtwara with 1,116,699 TZS, 1,095,641 TZS, and 1,041,805 TZS, respectively. Dar es Salaam tops the list with 1,990,043 TZS, and Iringa comes second with 1,660,532 TZS per person. However, throughout

Lindi Region - Misplaced Pages Continue

3402-664: The Lindi District Council (44,583 households). 15 percent of households (26,817 households) in urban areas engaged in agricultural activity in the agricultural year 2011–12. This indicates that agriculture is also an economic activity in urban regions. Additionally, it was discovered that the percentage of households engaged in agriculture varied from 86 percent in Nachingwea District Council to 62 percent in Lindi Municipal. The region

3483-837: The Lindi Region is Godfrey Zambi . Lindi Region is divided into six districts , each administered by a council: Urban regions of Lindi had a substantially higher literacy rate (74.3%) than rural areas (60.6 percent). While in both rural and urban areas, men had higher literacy rates than women. Adult literacy in the Lindi Region is 68.0 percent, with urban regions having a higher rate (77.2 percent) than rural ones (65.7 percent). In both rural and urban areas, males had higher literacy rates than females. District-level adult literacy rates range from 75.7% in Nachingwea District to 60.3% in Lindi District (Map 9.1). Liwale District (73.2%) and Lindi Municipal District were

3564-465: The Lindi region has a young population, with 50.5% of the territory's inhabitants being under the age of 15. Ages 65 and over make up just six percent of the region's total population. As of 2019, the projected Lindi Region population was 1,004,439. This shows that Lindi Region is growing at a small pace compared to other regions at 0.9% per annum. With the current growth rate projection Lindi will only add 54,240 people by 2025. The regional commissioner of

3645-526: The Mainland, the Coast Region ranks fifth least populated, followed by Iringa, Lindi, Njombe, and Katavi. Between 1988 and 2002, the population of the Pwani Region increased at a rate of 2.4 percent each year. Between 2002 and 2012, the annual growth rate fell to an average of 2.2 percent. Agriculture remains the mainstay of the Pwani Region's economy. Commercial and peasant farming are practiced, with

3726-746: The Netherlands, Germany, Brazil, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Indonesia, Burkina Faso, and the United States. In 2014, the rapid growth of cashew cultivation in the Ivory Coast made this country the top African exporter. Fluctuations in world market prices, poor working conditions, and low pay for local harvesting have caused discontent in the cashew nut industry. Almost all cashews produced in Africa between 2000 and 2019 were exported as raw nuts which are much less profitable than shelled nuts. One of

3807-680: The Pindiro Forest has at least 15 hectares of swamp forest. Mpingo and woodland grassland predominate in Matapwa Forest Reserve. A section of baobab forest may be found in Kikwetu's Municipal Council borders, to the east of Lindi Airport. On the Noto Plateau, there is a sizable area of forest: Makangela, which contains miombo woodland, is located on the southern side of the main road between Rutamba and Lilola. Another

3888-496: The Songo Songo islands in Kilwa district, containing fifty-five trillion cubic feet of natural gas reserves. The region has issued around 2282 mineral licenses, of which only Kilwa district, with about 1260 licenses, has issued about 55.2% of them, and Lindi Municipal Council, with only 101 licenses. Of these 99 licenses are for small-scale mining, while the other two are for limestone exploration. The mining licenses awarded cover

3969-500: The Swahili era in the 9th and 10th centuries. There is a small but significant Christian population. As in most of Tanzania, many urban centers like Liwale town, Kilwa Masoko , and Lindi town have a mixture of people from all over the country including a small Indian and Arab immigrant community. The bulk of foreigners counted in the area were from Kenya, China, Mozambique, and India. Other nations with sizable populations of foreigners in

4050-533: The area were Germany and Lesotho. Lindi Region's population in 2012 was around 864,652, making Lindi the region with the lowest population densities in the country at 51 persons per square kilometer. The population of the Lindi Region increased by 0.9 percent between 2002 and 2012. While the population growth rate in urban regions was 2.5 percent, it was only 0.6 percent in rural areas. The Lindi Region's average yearly growth rate dropped from 1.4 percent between 1988 and 2002 to 0.9 percent between 2002 and 2012. Between

4131-428: The cashew apple is used to flavor drinks, both alcoholic and nonalcoholic. In Brazil, cashew fruit juice and fruit pulp are used in the production of sweets, and juice mixed with alcoholic beverages such as cachaça , and as flour, milk, or cheese. In Panama, the cashew fruit is cooked with water and sugar for a prolonged time to make a sweet, brown, paste-like dessert called dulce de marañón ( marañón being

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4212-465: The cashew nutshell, and is a byproduct of processing cashew nuts. As it is a strong irritant, it should not be confused with edible cashew nut oil. It is dangerous to handle in small-scale processing of the shells, but is itself a raw material with multiple uses. It is used in tropical folk medicine and for anti- termite treatment of timber. Its composition varies depending on how it is processed. These substances are skin allergens, like lacquer and

4293-480: The cashew; both plants are in the same family. The epithet occidentale derives from the Western (or Occidental) world. The plant has diverse common names in various languages among its wide distribution range, including anacardier ( French ) with the fruit referred to as pomme de cajou , caju ( Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʒu] ), or acaju (Portuguese). The species

4374-636: The central east coast of the Lindi Region with the majority being found in Kilwa District . Most of western Lindi is home to the Ngindo people , with the majority in Liwale District . The Matumbi people are mostly found in the northern Lindi Region bordering Pwani Region. Machinga people are a small minority with Kilwa District in eastern Lindi Region. Lastly the Makonde people are found on

4455-532: The districts with literacy rates above 70 percent (72.7 percent). Adult literacy rates in Ruangwa District increased from 58.1 percent in 2002 to 67 percent in 2012 and in Lindi Municipal from 69.9 percent to 72.7 percent in 2012. The percentage change in these districts ranges from 2.8 percent in Lindi Municipal to 13.1 percent in Kilwa District, indicating an increase in literacy rates between

4536-459: The family Anacardiaceae . It is native to South America and is the source of the cashew nut and the cashew apple, an accessory fruit . The tree can grow as tall as 14 metres (46 feet), but the dwarf cultivars, growing up to 6 m (20 ft), prove more profitable, with earlier maturity and greater yields. The cashew nut is edible and is eaten on its own as a snack , used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter . The nut

4617-431: The field of rigid polyurethanes, aided by their inherent phenolic structure and larger number of reactive units per unit mass. CNSL may be used as a resin for carbon composite products. CNSL-based novolac is another versatile industrial monomer deriving from cardanol typically used as a reticulating agent (hardener) for epoxy matrices in composite applications providing good thermal and mechanical properties to

4698-442: The final composite material. Discarded cashew nuts unfit for human consumption, alongside the residues of oil extraction from cashew kernels, can be fed to livestock. Animals can also eat the leaves of cashew trees. As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. In Cambodia, the bark gives a yellow dye, the timber is used in boat-making, and for house-boards, and the wood makes excellent charcoal. The shells yield

4779-429: The first year, with economic yields after three years. The cashew nut yields for the traditional tree are about 0.25 t/ha (0.100 long ton/acre; 0.11 short ton/acre), in contrast to over a ton per hectare for the dwarf variety. Grafting and other modern tree management technologies are used to further improve and sustain cashew nut yields in commercial orchards. In 2021, global production of cashew nuts (as

4860-447: The forests are managed under village forest reserves. Sustainable honey production is an area the government is exploring commercial interests in the forest reserves. Lindi engages in salt mining on a local scale especially in Kilwa district. Additionally, the district has deposits of high quality gypsum near Kiranjeranje ward. Ruangwa district is known for its graphite deposits. As of 2019, 60 exploration wells have been drilled in

4941-469: The fruit in boiling salt water for five minutes also reduces the astringency. In Cambodia, where the plant is usually grown as an ornamental rather than an economic tree, the fruit is a delicacy and is eaten with salt. In the Indian state of Goa , the ripened cashew apples are mashed, and the juice, called "neero", is extracted and kept for fermentation for a few days. This fermented juice then undergoes

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5022-622: The goals of the African Cashew Alliance is to promote Africa's cashew processing capabilities to improve the profitability of Africa's cashew industry. In 2011, Human Rights Watch reported that forced labour was used for cashew processing in Vietnam. Around 40,000 current or former drug users were forced to remove shells from " blood cashews " or perform other work and often beaten at more than 100 rehabilitation centers. Some people are allergic to cashews, but they are

5103-412: The highest population proportion, accounting for 22.5 percent of the region's total population (194,143 people), was Lindi District Council, while the district with the lowest, accounting for 9.1 percent (78,841 persons). There were 92 men for every 100 women in the Lindi Region overall. (99 for rural areas and 90 for urban areas show that there are more women than men living there. The sex ratio, however,

5184-463: The highest rates of illiteracy (37 percent). The district councils with the lowest rates of illiteracy were Nachingwea District Council and Lindi Municipal Council, both at 29.7%. Compared to the urban population, where the percentage was just 21%, 33% of rural residents had never attended school. Similarly, the percentage of dropouts was marginally greater in rural (9.0%) than in urban (8.4%) areas. However, compared to rural areas, metropolitan areas had

5265-441: The kernel) was 3.7 million tonnes , led by Ivory Coast and India with a combined 43% of the world total (table). The top ten exporters of cashew nuts (in-shell; HS Code 080131) in value (USD) in 2021 were Ghana, Tanzania, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Guinea. From 2017 to 2021, the top ten exporters of cashew nuts (shelled; HS Code 080132) were Vietnam, India,

5346-440: The latter taking precedence. Crop farming employed 82 percent of the economically active population in the 2007/08 Coast area agriculture sample census report, followed by livestock husbandry (2 percent), and fishing (2%). The remaining 12% worked in non-farming activities such as trade and repairs. Agriculture generates the majority of the region's monetary income, primarily through the sale of coconuts, oranges, mango, and cassava on

5427-428: The lowest attendance rates, respectively. Between the 2002 and 2012 Censuses, there was an improvement in educational attainment levels. The percentage of the population with a secondary education climbed from 5.12 percent to 7.7 percent, and the percentage with a university degree or an equivalent level increased from 0.09 percent to 0.7 percent. The growth of secondary schools and rise in secondary school enrollment are

5508-483: The manufacturing demands for cashew milk , a plant milk alternative to dairy milk . In Mozambique, bolo polana is a cake prepared using powdered cashews and mashed potatoes as the main ingredients. This dessert is common in South Africa. The cashew nut kernel has a slight curvature and two cotyledons , each representing around 20–25% of the weight of the nut. It is encased in a reddish-brown membrane called

5589-615: The north of Kilwa, Lindi Region has the longest coastline in the country at 287 kilometers long. Lindi also has some of the most productive fish stocks in Tanzania, but only a paltry 876 out of 224,316 households (0.4 percent) engaged in fish farming activities. Fish farming is primarily done in rural areas, with some urban areas as well. In addition, it was noted that 22.1 percent of households engaged in fish farming were urban and 77.9 percent were rural. The region has more than 2,430 registered fishing vessels (most are dugout canoes and dhow ) and over 11,523 registered fishermen. The fishing done

5670-674: The oils of poison ivy, and they present a danger during manual cashew processing. This natural oil phenol has interesting chemical structural features that can be modified to create a wide spectrum of biobased monomers . These capitalize on the chemically versatile construct, which contains three functional groups : the aromatic ring , the hydroxyl group , and the double bonds in the flanking alkyl chain. These include polyols , which have recently seen increased demand for their biobased origin and key chemical attributes such as high reactivity, range of functionalities, reduction in blowing agents, and naturally occurring fire retardant properties in

5751-550: The reason for the startling rise in the percentage of students in secondary schools compared to primary schools. In the 267,844 people who attained any level of education, according to the 2012 census, 134,987 (50.4%) were men and 132,857 (49.6%) were women. 90.6 percent of people completed primary school, which was followed by secondary education (7.7 percent), university, and other levels (0.7 percent). The findings also indicate that compared to men, more women (92.3 percent) have completed their primary school (88.9 percent). The situation

5832-400: The region's natural water sources, which all support fishing. People who live near the water produce seaweed, hence the ocean's presence encourages seaweed cultivation as a source of income in the Lindi district, Lindi municipality, and Kilwa. Spinosum (red sea weed) and cotonii are the two forms of sea weed that are generated in greater quantities in the Lindi region (green sea weed). However,

5913-508: The ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara Lindi offers attractions for cultural/historic tourism, sun and sand tourism, and also wildlife safari tourism. There is also an unexplored cave system called the Nangoma caves near Matumbi Highlands in Kilwa District. Lindi Region despite its size is home to only 5 indigenous ethnic groups. It is the ancestral home to the Mwera people located on

5994-605: The shell to consumers. Readily and inexpensively extracted from the waste shells, cardanol is under research for its potential applications in nanomaterials and biotechnology . Raw cashews are 5% water, 30%  carbohydrates , 44%  fat , and 18%  protein (table). In a 100-gram reference amount, raw cashews provide 553  kilocalories , 67% of the Daily Value (DV) in total fats, 36% DV of protein , 13% DV of dietary fiber and 11% DV of carbohydrates . Cashews are rich sources (20% or more of

6075-417: The south-eastern corner of Lindi Region. The life expectancy of Lindi residents is 63.8 years. In terms of regional cuisine, "Chipwenye," a traditional dish made of a blend of Bambara beans and maize, is a popular choice (njugu mawe). The majority of Lindi Region residents practice Sunni Islam with elements of African traditional faiths since the introduction of Islam to the Lindi coast through trade during

6156-530: The total Lindi soil at roughly 18,000 square kilometers, equivalent to the size of the nation of Kuwait . Lindi Region hosts both native African savanna wildlife and also Indian Ocean fauna. The regional bird is the Malachite Kingfisher is found in more numbers in Lindi, especially at the Selous game reserve and Nyerere National Park. In terms of flora the tamarind tree is found in abundance as it

6237-454: The total workforce in the area. In the Lindi region, farming was the most prevalent occupation, employing around 79.5 percent of the working population. Livestock keepers, on the other hand, made up about 0.2 percent of the working population. Agriculture is the main employer in the Lindi Region. Out of the 224,316 households in the region, 180,877 (or 81 percent) were involved in agriculture in some capacity. These homes were primarily located in

6318-767: The years 2000 to 2013, the Coast area, Singida, or both trailed Lindi region in terms of regional GDP annual contribution, coming in at 19 or 20. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying, trade and commerce, public administration, and education are the main economic sectors in which the working population in the Lindi region is employed. According to the Lindi 2016 socioeconomic profile, commercial agriculture and farming of food crops employed more people than any other industry by an astounding 80 percent, followed by "Trade and Commerce" at 4.3 percent and "Mining and Quarrying" at 2.2 percent. Electricity, Gas, and Water as well as Communication and Transport each employed 0.1 percent of

6399-423: Was above 100 for the population in the age categories of 5 to 19 years, 50 to 54 years, and 75 to 79 years in the Lindi region, while it was above 100 for the population in the age groups of 5 to 19 years and 75 to 79 years in the Lindi rural area. In contrast, Lindi's urban sex ratio was greater than 100 for people aged 50 to 64 and 75 to 79, and it was equal for children aged 0 to 4 years. The 2012 Census showed that

6480-519: Was discovered by German colonizers during their occupation of the territory in the early 20th century. Other fossils that were found there are the Kentrosaurus , Janenschia , Tornieria , Tendaguria , Dysalotosaurus , Australodocus , Elaphrosaurus , Veterupristisaurus and Dicraeosaurus species of dinosaurs. Much of the western part of the Lindi Region is in the Nyerere National Park and Selous Game Reserve covering 27% of

6561-399: Was reversed at the secondary level and above, when 7.7% of people had a secondary education and 0.4% had a university degree or an equivalent level. Pwani Region Pwani Region ( Mkoa wa Pwani in Swahili ) is one of Tanzania 's 31 administrative regions . The word " Pwani " in Swahili means the " coast ". With the town of Kibaha serving as the capital, the region borders

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