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91-658: LinuxTag's slogan, "Where .COM meets .ORG", refers to its stated aim of bringing together commercial and non-commercial groups in the IT sector. Each year's event also had its own motto, often reflecting a specific topic which was focused in that year. LinuxTag regards itself as part of the Free Software movement and hence promoted this community by an extraordinary degree through supporting numerous Open Source Software projects. LinuxTag offered these projects to promote their software and their concepts, and thus present themselves to

182-406: A Pathways to Enable Open-Source Ecosystems (POSE) program to support open source innovation. The adoption of open-source software by industry is increasing over time. OSS is popular in several industries such as telecommunications , aerospace , healthcare , and media & entertainment due to the benefits it provides. Adoption of OSS is more likely in larger organizations and is dependent on

273-399: A Tux-pin, a Knoppix DVD and a DVD with FreeBSD , NetBSD and OpenBSD . LinuxTag 2004 had the slogan "Free source - free world" . 16,175 visitors were counted. A record number of about 170 exhibitors, among them many freelance projects, but also numerous large and medium-sized enterprises attended. Hewlett-Packard was the third time Official Cornerstone Partner . Other major companies at

364-544: A bug needs to be fixed in their project. This is established by communicating with the OSS community through avenues such as bug reporting and tracking or mailing lists and project pages. Next, OSS developers select or are assigned to a task and identify a solution. Because there are often many different possible routes for solutions in OSS, the best solution must be chosen with careful consideration and sometimes even peer feedback . The developer then begins to develop and commit

455-550: A collaboration between Misplaced Pages and KDE in his opening speech. Through a web API every program can directly access Misplaced Pages, which was used by the KDE Media Player Amarok version 1.3 to access the Misplaced Pages articles of artists. The organizers counted about 12,000 visitors, a little less than in previous years, which was mainly caused by the newly introduced mandatory entrance fee and the hottest week of

546-517: A copy of the license is provided to recipients with the code. One important legal precedent for open-source software was created in 2008, when the Jacobson v Katzer case enforced terms of the Artistic license , including attribution and identification of modifications. The ruling of this case cemented enforcement under copyright law when the conditions of the license were not followed. Because of

637-427: A couple of hundred visitors and brought some firsts: Two tracks with talks running in parallel, occupying two days, tutorial sessions for acquiring a deeper understanding of a topic and a small exhibition at which Open Source Software projects presented their goals and achievements. The LinuxTag 1998 conference and exhibition was attended by circa 3,000 visitors. For the first time external exhibitors were present, e.g.,

728-454: A new bug. Early releases : The first version of the software should be released as early as possible so as to increase one's chances of finding co-developers early. Frequent integration: Code changes should be integrated (merged into a shared code base) as often as possible so as to avoid the overhead of fixing a large number of bugs at the end of the project life cycle. Some open-source projects have nightly builds where integration

819-508: A public good as it is available to everyone and does not decrease in value for others when downloaded by one person. Open source software is unique in that it becomes more valuable as it is used and contributed to, instead of diminishing the resource. This is explained by concepts such as investment in reputation and network effects . The economic model of open-source software can be explained as developers contribute work to projects, creating public benefits. Developers choose projects based on

910-565: A strategic partnership with the droidcon. The 20th LinuxTag took place on 8 and 10 May 2014 at the STATION Berlin. In spatial and temporal proximity were the Media Convention Berlin (6 to 7 May), the re:publica (6 to 8 May) and the droidcon (8 to 10 May 2014). All events aimed towards a close relationship in order to achieve a high level of appreciation of the combined effort. Open-source software This

1001-538: A user and developer conference for IP Telephony and the 8th @Kit Congress, on which legal issues of professional IT use are discussed. Core topics of LinuxTag 2008 were "Highlights of digital lifestyle" and the "Mobile + Embedded Area". LinuxTag 2009 took place from 24 to 27 June at the Messe Berlin, attracting over 10,000 visitors. As in 2008 it was placed under the patronage of German Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor Frank-Walter Steinmeier. The new president of

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1092-422: A victory for OSS supporters. In open-source communities, instead of owning the software produced, the producer owns the development of the evolving software. In this way, the future of the software is open, making ownership or intellectual property difficult within OSS. Licensing and branding can prevent others from stealing it, preserving its status as a public good . Open source software can be considered

1183-523: Is $ 8.8 trillion, as firms would need to spend 3.5 times the amount they currently do without the use of open source software. Open-source code can be used for studying and allows capable end users to adapt software to their personal needs in a similar way user scripts and custom style sheets allow for web sites, and eventually publish the modification as a fork for users with similar preferences, and directly submit possible improvements as pull requests . The Open Source Initiative 's (OSI) definition

1274-565: Is a broad software license that makes source code available to the general public with relaxed or non-existent restrictions on the use and modification of the code. It is an explicit "feature" of open source that it puts very few restrictions on the use or distribution by any organization or user, in order to enable the rapid evolution of the software. According to Feller et al. (2005), the terms "free software" and "open-source software" should be applied to any "software products distributed under terms that allow users" to use, modify, and redistribute

1365-404: Is a good or service, what can be considered a modification, governance through contract vs license, ownership and right of use. While there have been developments on these issues, they often lead to even more questions. The existence of these uncertainties in regulation has a negative impact on industries involved in technologies as a whole. Within the legal history of software as a whole, there

1456-417: Is a prominent example of open collaboration , meaning any capable user is able to participate online in development, making the number of possible contributors indefinite. The ability to examine the code facilitates public trust in the software. Open-source software development can bring in diverse perspectives beyond those of a single company. A 2024 estimate of the value of open-source software to firms

1547-556: Is absolutely another terrific way that individuals and organizations choose to contribute to open source projects. Groups like Open Collective provide a means for individuals to contribute monthly to supporting their favorite projects. Organizations like the Sovereign Tech Fund is able to contribute to millions to supporting the tools the German Government uses. The National Science Foundation established

1638-426: Is an accepted version of this page Note to admins : In case of doubt, remove this template and post a message asking for review at WT:CP .   With this script , go to the history with auto-selected revisions . Note to the requestor : Make sure the page has already been reverted to a non-infringing revision or that infringing text has been removed or replaced before submitting this request. This template

1729-544: Is done automatically . Several versions: There should be at least two versions of the software. There should be a buggier version with more features and a more stable version with fewer features. The buggy version (also called the development version) is for users who want the immediate use of the latest features and are willing to accept the risk of using code that is not yet thoroughly tested. The users can then act as co-developers, reporting bugs and providing bug fixes. High modularization: The general structure of

1820-404: Is innovative since open-source programs are the product of collaboration among a large number of different programmers. The mix of divergent perspectives, corporate objectives, and personal goals speeds up innovation. Moreover, free software can be developed in accordance with purely technical requirements. It does not require thinking about commercial pressure that often degrades the quality of

1911-560: Is legal variety in this definition. Some jurisdictions attempt to expand or reduce this conceptualization for their own purposes. For example, The European Court of Justice defines a computer program as not including the functionality of a program, the programing language , or the format of data files. By limiting protections of the different aspects of software, the law favors an open-source approach to software use. The US especially has an open approach to software, with most open-source licenses originating there. However, this has increased

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2002-529: Is pursued primarily by organizing the LinuxTag events. The association is represented by a three-person executive board, supplemented by several representatives with delegated authority. All members of the LinuxTag association are volunteers and receive no remuneration for their service, with the sole exception from 1 April to 31 July 2005 when the First Chairman and CFO were employed and remunerated by

2093-658: Is recognized by several governments internationally as the standard or de facto definition. OSI uses The Open Source Definition to determine whether it considers a software license open source. The definition was based on the Debian Free Software Guidelines , written and adapted primarily by Perens . Perens did not base his writing on the "four freedoms" from the Free Software Foundation (FSF), which were only widely available later. Under Perens' definition, open source

2184-446: Is reserved for obvious cases only, for other cases refer to Misplaced Pages:Copyright problems . Open-source software ( OSS ) is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative, public manner. Open-source software

2275-473: Is right next to the A8 autobahn (highway) . The center is accessible from Stuttgart Flughafen/Messe station on the local suburban railway network. Buses also travel to Messe Stuttgart from nearby Esslingen , Göppingen , Reutlingen and Tübingen . There are plans to link Messe Stuttgart and Stuttgart airport to the proposed Stuttgart–Wendlingen high-speed railway between Stuttgart and Ulm by 2019 as part of

2366-468: Is theoretically challenging in economic models, it is explainable as a sustainable social activity that requires resources. These resources include time, money, technology and contributions. Many developers have used technology funded by organizations such as universities and governments, though these same organizations benefit from the work done by OSS. As OSS grows, hybrid systems containing OSS and proprietary systems are becoming more common. Throughout

2457-589: The Free Software Foundation Europe Karsten Gerloff attended LinuxTag. A focal point was "business processes using Linux" and "Open Source Software in the colours of the Tricolor " for which 14 Open Source Software suppliers from France displayed their product and service ranges. LinuxTag 2010 took place from 9 to 12 June 2010 at the Messe Berlin. This 16th LinuxTag was attended by about 11,600 people and stood under

2548-531: The Stuttgart 21 Project . One of the most striking features of Messe Stuttgart is its huge parking garage, which spans the A8 Autobahn and can accommodate 4,200 vehicles on five levels. Display rights for the 4-ton logo on both sides of the garage's bridge were sold to Robert Bosch GmbH , which paid around 20 million euros for exclusive advertising space. The logo is the second-largest illuminated sign in

2639-889: The distributed version control system (DVCS) are examples of tools, often open source, that help manage the source code files and the changes to those files for a software project in order to foster collaboration. CVCS are centralized with a central repository while DVCS are decentralized and have a local repository for every user. concurrent versions system (CVS) and later Subversion (SVN) and Git are examples of CVCS. The repositories are hosted and published on source-code-hosting facilities such as GitHub . Open-source projects use utilities such as issue trackers to organize open-source software development. Commonly used bug trackers include Bugzilla and Redmine . Tools such as mailing lists and IRC provide means of coordination and discussion of bugs among developers. Project web pages, wiki pages, roadmap lists and newsgroups allow for

2730-462: The Bazaar , open-source influential contributor Eric S. Raymond suggests a model for developing OSS known as the bazaar model. Raymond likens the development of software by traditional methodologies to building a cathedral, with careful isolated work by individuals or small groups. He suggests that all software should be developed using the bazaar style, with differing agendas and approaches. In

2821-676: The German Federal Government Commissioner for Information Technology. At LinuxTag, the "Open MindManager Morning" premiere took place, on which industry experts and educators across the IT discussed changes in society and Open Source philosophy. In addition, there was the premiere of the new lecture series "Open Minds Economy", organized by the Open Source Business Alliance (OSBA) and Messe Berlin , which presented successful business models and applications of open source software in

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2912-602: The German capital was under the patronage of (then) German Foreign Minister and Vice Chancellor Frank-Walter Steinmeier and was labelled as a part of a six-day "IT Week in the Capital Region", which also included the IT business trade fair IT Profits under the patronage of the Federal Minister of transport as a co-event to LinuxTag. LinuxTag 2008 hosted as sub-conferences the second German Asterisk day,

3003-634: The Internet. Besides the exhibition also sub-conferences were held at which renowned experts discussed a subject. There was, for example, a Debian conference and on Sunday there was a lecture on TCPA , followed by a discussion. The Business and Government sub-conference with 400 participants grew by about 60% compared to 2002. The free lecture program was opened on Friday by the Parliamentary State Secretary, Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour , Rezzo Schlauch. Keynote speaker

3094-485: The KDE project . The LinuxTag 1999 was announced nation-wide for the first time and hence drew some 7,000 visitors. Due to the ".com" boom which also triggered many major players in the IT industry to embrace Open Source Software, the booths from companies filled a whole building of the university, among then Hewlett-Packard , IBM , SuSE etcetera. The booths of non-commercial projects occupied another, smaller building, while

3185-539: The LinuxTag conference and exhibition was held in Karlsruhe . LinuxTag 2002 happened from 6 June to 9 July 2002 for the first time at the Messe Karlsruhe with about 13,000 visitors. The motto of the conference was "Open your mind, open your heart, open your source!". Approximately 100 booths comprised the exhibition. Keynote speaker was Matthias Kalle Dalheimer . LinuxTag 2003 was titled Open Horizons and

3276-465: The Messe Karlsruhe. It was the 11th LinuxTag and titled "Linux everywhere". As usual a conference with far more than 100 talks and presentations was accompanied by a large exhibition with booths from more than 160 companies and projects, plus on 22 June 2005 the business and administration sub-conference. Additionally workshops and tutorials were offered. Keynote speaker Jimmy Wales announced

3367-641: The Public Interest . Within Europe some notable organizations are Free Software Foundation Europe , open-source projects EU (OSP) and OpenForum Europe (OFE). One Australian organization is Linux Australia while Asia has Open source Asia and FOSSAsia . Free and open source software for Africa (FOSSFA) and OpenAfrica are African organizations and Central and South Asia has such organizations as FLISOL and GRUP de usuarios de software libre Peru . Outside of these, many more organizations dedicated to

3458-582: The United States has focused on national security in regard to open-source software implementation due to the perceived threat of the increase of open-source software activity in countries like China and Russia, with the Department of Defense considering multiple criteria for using OSS. These criteria include: if it comes from and is maintained by trusted sources, whether it will continue to be maintained, if there are dependencies on sub-components in

3549-700: The University of Stuttgart in 2000. The association plans and organizes the LinuxTag event by volunteer work and guides its ideological development. The association LinuxTag e.V. is registered in Association Register VR 2239 of the Kaiserslautern District Court . The association manages the LinuxTag name and word mark . The purpose of the association, according to its bylaws, is "the promotion of Free Software", and

3640-473: The advancement of open-source software exist. FOSS products are generally licensed under two types of licenses: permissive licensing and copyleft licensing . Both of these types of licenses are different than proprietary licensing in that they can allow more users access to the software and allow for the creation of derivative works as specified by the terms of the specific license, as each license has its own rules. Permissive licenses allow recipients of

3731-461: The annual hacking contest. The most visited talk of was the Keynote of Ubuntu founder Mark Shuttleworth . The "chief dreamer of Ubuntu" referred to himself and the good cooperation of users with developers. He stressed that Kubuntu and Ubuntu should be treated equally and that there is a good cooperation between the developers of both. The second keynote speaker was Andrew Morton There was also

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3822-595: The association. Surpluses resulting from the LinuxTag events or sponsorship are reinvested in the association's non-profit activities. LinuxTag was launched in 1995 by a handful of active members of the "Linux project group (PG Linux)" of the Unix-AG, a student's workgroup at the University of Kaiserslautern . They wanted to inform the fellow students and the public about Linux and Open Source Software, which both were in their early stages at this time. However, since then

3913-402: The bazaar model should exhibit the following patterns: Users should be treated as co-developers: The users are treated like co-developers and so they should have access to the source code of the software. Furthermore, users are encouraged to submit additions to the software, code fixes for the software, bug reports , documentation, etc. Having more co-developers increases the rate at which

4004-414: The code. The code is then tested and reviewed by peers. Developers can edit and evolve their code through feedback from continuous integration . Once the leadership and community are satisfied with the whole project, it can be partially released and user instruction can be documented. If the project is ready to be released, it is frozen, with only serious bug fixes or security repairs occurring. Finally,

4095-427: The company's IT usage, operating efficiencies, and the productivity of employees. Industries are likely to use OSS due to back-office functionality, sales support, research and development, software features, quick deployment, portability across platforms and avoidance of commercial license management. Additionally, lower cost for hardware and ownership are also important benefits. Organizations that contribute to

4186-477: The development and expansions of free and open-source software movements exist all over the world. These organizations are dedicated to goals such as teaching and spreading technology. As listed by a former vice president of the Open Source Initiative , some American organizations include the Free Software Foundation , Software Freedom Conservancy , the Open Source Initiative and Software in

4277-461: The distribution of project information that focuses on end users. The basic roles OSS participants can fall into multiple categories, beginning with leadership at the center of the project who have control over its execution. Next are the core contributors with a great deal of experience and authority in the project who may guide the other contributors. Non-core contributors have less experience and authority, but regularly contribute and are vital to

4368-477: The event has changed venues several times to keep pace with rapidly growing numbers of speakers, exhibitors and visitors. The first couple of LinuxTag events were held at the University of Kaiserslautern and organized under the auspices of its Unix-AG PG Linux. The very first LinuxTag in January 1996 was a theme night on Linux attended by 70 participants, comprising six talks and a "Linux install party". In 1997

4459-434: The exhibition were the C & L Verlag, Intel , Novell , Oracle , SAP and Sun Microsystems . For the first time Microsoft was represented with a booth. On the single-day business and administration sub-conference on 24 June business and government case studies plus success stories of the use of open source software were presented. Among other things, also issues with computer viruses and worms were addressed. For

4550-564: The fields of economy and society. Keynotes were given by Jimmy Schulz , chairman of the project group "Interoperability, Standards and Open Source" of the commission for research on internet and digital society of the German Bundestag, Ulrich Drepper, maintainer of the GNU C standard library Glibc and Lars Knoll, employee at Nokia and chief maintainer of the QT library . The 19th LinuxTag

4641-601: The focus on patent rights within these licenses, which has seen backlash from the OSS community, who prefer other forms of IP protection. Another issue includes technological protection measures (TPM) and digital rights management (DRM) techniques which were internationally legally recognized and protected in the 1996 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Treaty . Open source software proponents disliked these technologies as they constrained end-users potentially beyond copyright law. Europe responded to such complaints by putting TPM under legal controls, representing

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4732-439: The free conference, a record of about 350 proposals from 20 countries were handed in, of which 130 could be accommodated in the program. The fundamental threat of software patents for Open Source Software was an important topic. As already in 1999 one could undergo a LPI 101 certification at LinuxTag. As at most LinuxTag events, a coding marathon and a hacking contest were performed. LinuxTag 2005 took place from 22 to 25 June at

4823-563: The goal to discuss the topic open source in the business environment. Additionally the OpenStack Day took place in cooperation with the OpenStack Foundation as a first major sub-conference on the subject OpenStack in Europe. The Foundation has its headquarters in the U.S. and sees itself as a global reservoir of the same name, scalable cloud management platform. Keynotes were given by kernel developer Matthew Garrett on

4914-480: The many benefits provided, a huge issue to be considered is cybersecurity . While accidental vulnerabilities are possible, so are attacks by outside agents. Because of these fears, governmental interest in contributing to the governance of software has become more prominent. However, these are the broad strokes of the issue, with each country having their own specific politicized interactions with open-source software and their goals for its implementation. For example,

5005-560: The mid 2000s, more and more tech companies have begun to use OSS. For example, Dell's move of selling computers with GNU/Linux already installed. Microsoft itself has launched a Linux-based operating system despite previous animosity with the OSS movement. Despite these developments, these companies tend to only use OSS for certain purposes, leading to worries that OSS is being taken advantage of by corporations and not given anything in return. While many governments are interested in implementing and promoting open-source software due to

5096-460: The number of people employed in the IT sector. OSS can be highly reliable when it has thousands of independent programmers testing and fixing bugs of the software. Open source is not dependent on the company or author that originally created it. Even if the company fails, the code continues to exist and be developed by its users. OSS is flexible because modular systems allow programmers to build custom interfaces, or add new abilities to it and it

5187-588: The opportunity to watch some of the talks by video stream , which was used by approximately 1,800 people. Since 2007 the LinuxTag took place in Berlin , from 2007 to 2013 at the Messe Berlin , located under the Funkturm Berlin . LinuxTag 2007 took place from 30 May to 2 June 2007 with the motto "Come in: We're open". It was attended by about 9,600 people and comprised more than 200 talks. The event

5278-509: The patronage of Cornelia Rogall-Grothe of the Federal Government Commissioner for Information Technology, again. Keynotes were given by Wim Coekaerts (Oracle), Bradley Kuhn (Software Freedom Conservancy) and Daniel Walsh (Red Hat). The 18th LinuxTag happened from 23 to 26 May 2012 at the Messe Berlin with the motto "Open minds create effective solutions", another time under the patronage of Cornelia Rogall-Grothe of

5369-489: The patronage of Cornelia Rogall-Grothe, Federal Government Commissioner for Information Technology. Keynote speakers included Microsoft's general manager James Utzschneider who stunned the audience with his open approach to Open Source Software, the CEO of SugarCRM, Larry Augustin , who underlined the economic impact of FLOSS and its leverage in cloud computing , the "director of open source" at Google, Chris DiBona, who underlined

5460-435: The perceived benefits or costs, such as improved reputation or value of the project. The motivations of developers can come from many different places and reasons, but the important takeaway is that money is not the only or even most important incentivization . Because economic theory mainly focuses on the consumption of scarce resources, the OSS dynamic can be hard to understand. In OSS, producers become consumers by reaping

5551-404: The potential to quicken innovation and create of social value. In France for instance, a policy that incentivized government to favor free open-source software increased to nearly 600,000 OSS contributions per year, generating social value by increasing the quantity and quality of open-source software. This policy also led to an estimated increase of up to 18% of tech startups and a 14% increase in

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5642-452: The professional level of LinuxTag, the kernel developer Jonathan Corbet who gave an outlook on the next Linux kernel 2.6.35, and Ubuntu founder Mark Shuttleworth laid out the next milestones for the Ubuntu desktop distribution. The 17th LinuxTag was held from 11 to 14 May 2011 at the Messe Berlin under the motto "Where .com meets .org". It was attended by 11,578 visitors and was placed under

5733-574: The project is fully released and only changed through minor bug fixes. Open source implementation of a standard can increase adoption of that standard. This creates developer loyalty as developers feel empowered and have a sense of ownership of the end product. Moreover, lower costs of marketing and logistical services are needed for OSS. OSS can be a tool to promote a company's image, including its commercial products. The OSS development approach has helped produce reliable, high quality software quickly and inexpensively. Open source development offers

5824-759: The project's development. New contributors are the least experienced but with mentorship and guidance can become regular contributors. Some possible ways of contributing to open-source software include such roles as programming , user interface design and testing, web design , bug triage , accessibility design and testing, UX design , code testing, and security review and testing. However, there are several ways of contributing to OSS projects even without coding skills. For example, some less technical ways of participating are documentation writing and editing, translation , project management , event organization and coordination, marketing, release management, community management, and public relations and outreach. Funding

5915-409: The public in an appropriate manner, with their own booths, forums and lectures, free of charge. The goal is to encourage projects to share concepts and content to the benefit of other groups and companies, and to provide forums for in-depth discussions of new technologies and opportunities. The non-profit association "LinuxTag e.V." was founded in preparation for LinuxTag's move from Kaiserslautern to

6006-458: The release of OpenGroupware.org , OpenOffice.org , a conversion to run Linux of several dozen Xboxes , some by a hardware modification by two solder points, some by utilizing so-called MechInstallers. There was also a Programming Competition and on Sunday, 13 July 2003 from 13 to 14 o'clock a world record attempt took place: On a server 100 Linux desktop sessions with Gnome and KDE were simultaneously running, which could be used by everyone on

6097-431: The rewards of contributing to a project. For example, a developer becomes well regarded by their peers for a successful contribution to an OSS project. The social benefits and interactions of OSS are difficult to account for in economic models as well. Furthermore, the innovation of technology creates constantly changing value discussions and outlooks, making economic model unable to predict social behavior. Although OSS

6188-448: The same license while weak copyleft licenses require the use of the same license only under certain conditions. Examples of this type of license include the GNU family of licenses , and the MPL and EPL licenses. The similarities between these two categories of licensing include that they provide a broad grant of copyright rights, require that recipients preserve copyright notices, and that

6279-500: The similarity of the Artistic license to other open-source software licenses, the ruling created a precedent that applied widely. Examples of free-software license / open-source licenses include Apache licenses , BSD licenses , GNU General Public Licenses , GNU Lesser General Public License , MIT License , Eclipse Public License and Mozilla Public License . Several gray areas exist within software regulation that have great impact on open-source software, such as if software

6370-488: The software "in any manner they see fit, without requiring that they pay the author(s) of the software a royalty or fee for engaging in the listed activities." Despite initially accepting it, Richard Stallman of the FSF now flatly opposes the term "Open Source" being applied to what they refer to as "free software". Although he agrees that the two terms describe "almost the same category of software", Stallman considers equating

6461-401: The software evolves. Linus's law states that given enough eyeballs all bugs are shallow. This means that if many users view the source code, they will eventually find all bugs and suggest how to fix them. Some users have advanced programming skills, and furthermore, each user's machine provides an additional testing environment. This new testing environment offers the ability to find and fix

6552-484: The software should be modular allowing for parallel development on independent components. Dynamic decision-making structure: There is a need for a decision-making structure, whether formal or informal, that makes strategic decisions depending on changing user requirements and other factors. Compare with extreme programming . The process of Open source development begins with a requirements elicitation where developers consider if they should add new features or if

6643-456: The software to implement the author's copyright rights without having to use the same license for distribution. Examples of this type of license include the BSD , MIT , and Apache licenses . Copyleft licenses are different in that they require recipients to use the same license for at least some parts of the distribution of their works. Strong copyleft licenses require all derivative works to use

6734-498: The software, component security and integrity, and foreign governmental influence. Stuttgart Trade Fair 48°41′37″N 9°11′13″E  /  48.69361°N 9.18694°E  / 48.69361; 9.18694 Messe Stuttgart is a convention center next to Stuttgart Airport , 12 km south of Stuttgart , Germany . It is the ninth-biggest convention center in Germany. The new Messe Stuttgart site, completed in 2007,

6825-425: The software. Commercial pressures make traditional software developers pay more attention to customers' requirements than to security requirements, since such features are somewhat invisible to the customer. In open-source software development, tools are used to support the development of the product and the development process itself. Version control systems such as Centralized Version control system (CVCS) and

6916-533: The speakers were J. D. Frazer aka Illiad, the creator of User Friendly , Rob "Cmdr Taco" Malda , initiator of Slashdot and keynote speaker was Richard M. Stallman. LinuxTag 2001 was held at Stuttgart Trade Fair from 5 to 8 July, with 14,870 visitors. The event was held under the patronage of the German Ministry of Economy. Keynote speakers were Eric S. Raymond , Rob Malda of Slashdot and John "Maddog" Hall of Linux International . From 2002 to 2005,

7007-564: The subject of Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and Secure Boot, and Benjamin Mako Hill, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who marked so-called anti-features as unacceptable, where manufacturers build usage restrictions into devices. Since about 2012, the number of visitors of LinuxTag declined despite the ever increasing use of Open Source Software. This decline in visitor numbers

7098-552: The talks used all major lecture rooms. It was also the first time an opportunity to take the LPI Exam 101 was offered. This was the last time LinuxTag was held in Kaiserslautern , because the number of attendees equalled the number of students at this time at the University of Kaiserslautern and there was no space left to grow. In the aftermath of this event, the LinuxTag association was founded. In 2000 and 2001 LinuxTag

7189-597: The terms incorrect and misleading. Stallman also opposes the professed pragmatism of the Open Source Initiative , as he fears that the free software ideals of freedom and community are threatened by compromising on the FSF's idealistic standards for software freedom. The FSF considers free software to be a subset of open-source software, and Richard Stallman explained that DRM software, for example, can be developed as open source, despite that it does not give its users freedom (it restricts them), and thus does not qualify as free software. In his 1997 essay The Cathedral and

7280-514: The traditional model of development, which he called the cathedral model, development takes place in a centralized way. Roles are clearly defined. Roles include people dedicated to designing (the architects), people responsible for managing the project, and people responsible for implementation. Traditional software engineering follows the cathedral model. The bazaar model, however, is different. In this model, roles are not clearly defined. Some proposed characteristics of software developed using

7371-493: The world and the biggest logo in the world after the unlit Hollywood Sign . Before completion of the new site next to Stuttgart Airport, Messe Stuttgart had been based in the Killesberg suburb of Stuttgart for more than 50 years. As nearby housing estates encroached on the old site's parking and roads, it was closed down to make way for public housing for seniors and apartments. Immediately after opening, Messe Stuttgart

7462-558: The year 2005. In 2006 LinuxTag moved to Wiesbaden . LinuxTag 2006 took place from 3 to 6 May 2006 in the Rhein-Main-Hallen in Wiesbaden under the motto „See, what's ahead“. Over 9,000 people from over 30 nations attended LinuxTag 2006. 150 exhibitors were present, among others IBM , Avira and Sun Microsystems , but some other regular exhibitors as Hewlett-Packard or Red Hat were missing. Three teams participated in

7553-511: Was Jon "Maddog" Hall . With Webcams one could take a virtual visit of the fair. The "Pingu-Cam" recorded pictures of Penguin in the Karlsruhe Zoo , which is located right next to the location of the Messe Karlsruhe at that time. LinuxTag 2004 took place from 23 to 26 June for the third time at the Messe Karlsruhe in 2004. Those who applied on the LinuxTag homepage got in for free. For the regular entrance fee of € 10 one received

7644-508: Was held from 10 to 13 July 2003 at Messe Karlsruhe. Along the admission ticket for € 10, visitors received the LinuxTag edition of the initial release of the Knoppix DVD and a Tux pin . With 19,500 visitors, the number of visitors increased by 40 percent over the previous year. Circa 150 exhibitors, both businesses and non-profit groups were represented. Apple showed Mac OS X running Open Source Software . Other highlights included

7735-579: Was held from 22 to 25 May 2013 on the Berlin Exhibition Grounds with the motto "In the cloud - triumph of the free software goes on". Again it stood under the patronage of Cornelia Rogall-Grothe, the Federal Government Commissioner for Information Technology. It was also the premiere of the Open IT Summit , which was organized as a parallel conference at LinuxTag of the Open Source Business Alliance (OSBA) and Messe Berlin with

7826-543: Was held in Stuttgart . LinuxTag 2000 took place at the Stuttgart Trade Fair from 29 June to 2 July (i.e., four days) and was attended by approximately 17,000 visitors. The conference included a business track for the first time, devoted to such topics as IT security, legal aspects of Free Software, potential applications of Linux and Open Source Software in commercial applications. IT decision-makers presented case studies of applications of Free Software. Among

7917-438: Was held under the auspices of Interior Minister Wolfgang Schäuble. This sparked a lively debate due to the political attitude of Wolfgang Schäuble in his administrative role, which triggered calls to boycott LinuxTag. This was even reported and discussed outside of Germany. LinuxTag 2008 took place from 28 to 31 May at the Messe Berlin with 11,612 visitors from 31 countries and more than 200 exhibitors. The second LinuxTag in

8008-450: Was interpreted as a side effect of the ubiquity of Free Software and Linux, hence not being of extraordinary interest any longer. In addition, for some years, there were many similar regional events, in Germany and other European nations, which have drawn from the concept of LinuxTag. In order to adapt to the changes, the LinuxTag focused on the core issue of the professional use of Open Source Software, as in 2014. Therefore, LinuxTag started

8099-404: Was much debate on whether to protect it as intellectual property under patent law , copyright law or establishing a unique regulation. Ultimately, copyright law became the standard with computer programs being considered a form of literary work, with some tweaks of unique regulation. Software is generally considered source code and object code , with both being protectable, though there

8190-524: Was plagued by a number of unexpected teething problems, ranging from faulty barcode readers at the entrances to poor signage. Construction of the new site, originally approved in 1993, was subject to repeated delays. First, local farmers refused to sell their land after successful lobbying by nearby residents. After compulsory repossession of land was approved by the Baden-Württemberg State Government, demonstrations led to

8281-426: Was the only year in which two LinuxTag events were organized; the talks of these and consecutive LinuxTag events are still online. LinuxTag 1997/1 was attended by 150 participants, despite being disturbed by freezing rain which brought most private and public transport to a halt. Hence the LinuxTag team decided to move the LinuxTag events into the summer and to organize another LinuxTag for 1997. LinuxTag 1997/2 had

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