Misplaced Pages

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33-404: Lipu has a population of 370,000 (2002). It covers an area of 1759 square kilometers. The seat of the city is at Lipu Town (荔浦镇). Lipu is known as "China's hanger capital." The city is home to about 100 hanger companies, which have manufactured "billions" of clothes hangers that are used throughout the world, and distributed by companies such as Target and IKEA . Other industries include

66-472: A food processing plant which makes packaged snacks . Fengyu Cave is found in Lipu. Lipu is divided into 10 towns, 2 townships and 1 ethnic township: This Guangxi location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Clothes hanger A clothes hanger , coat hanger , or coathanger , or simply a hanger , is a hanging device in the shape/contour of: The clothing hanger

99-399: A trocar to stiffen a catheter for use as a chest tube to relieve a passenger's pneumothorax . Straightened-out wire clothes hangers have been used to perform unsafe and/or illegal abortions (frequently self-induced ) by inserting the wire through the cervix and into the uterus, in order to cause the uterus to expel its contents. This life-threatening method poses severe risks to

132-551: A brake caliper from hanging by the brake line during auto repair work to securing a gate on a birdcage. The much-loved ' Advent crown ' made for children's TV program Blue Peter was made from four-wire coathangers. Coathangers can be used to make dowsing rods. After sanding, wire hangers also find uses as conducting wire for uses as varied as hot-wiring cars to games to testing hand steadiness. They are commonly used to gain forcible entry into older automobiles whose locks and entry systems are not protected from such methods. There

165-400: A natural progression in the evolution of hangers. These hangers have been specifically designed with the traveler in mind, with their folding design allowing users to wrap their clothing around the hanger, making it easier to pack and store in their luggage. This evolution has not only focused on their functionality and design but also on their environmental impact. The use of recycled plastics

198-417: A number of factors for example, the degree of colour change required, chemicals chosen and method of treatment. There are three categories of bleaching methods : Multi-ply paperboard generally has higher creasing and folding performance than single-ply as a result of layering different types of pulp into a single product. In cases where the same kind of pulp is being used in several layers, each separate layer

231-430: A sheet of paperboard with a thickness of 0.024” would be 24 points. In Europe it is often sold in g/m , however the thickness of the board is measured in micron (μm). Paperboard also tends to be referred to with thickness rather than weight. Whiteness: It refers ideally to the equal presence of all colours, because a truly white sheet will reflect all wavelengths of visible light equally. The paperboard sector

264-524: Is a generic, lay term used to refer to any heavy paper pulp –based board, however this usage is deprecated in the paper, printing, and packaging industries as it does not adequately describe each product type. In 1817, the first paperboard carton was produced in England . Folding cartons first emerged around the 1860s and were shipped flat to save space, ready to be set up by customers when they were required. The mechanical die cutting and creasing of blanks

297-781: Is a long history of using wire coat hangers as replacement car radio antennas. Clothes hangers are also commonly used as an implement for roasting marshmallows or hot dogs at camp-outs . Collecticus magazine reported in October 2007 that clothes hangers have now become collectible, especially those with a famous company or event advertised across the front. For example, a 1950 Butlins hanger sold for £10.10 in October 2006 within Collecticus . In 1995, while performing surgery in an airliner at 35,000 feet (11,000 m), orthopedic surgeon Angus Wallace and his fellow doctor Tom Wong used an unfolded coathanger, sterilised with brandy, as

330-435: Is a paper with a grammage above 250 g/m , but there are exceptions. Paperboard can be single- or multi-ply. Paperboard can be easily cut and formed, is lightweight, and because it is strong, is used in packaging . Another end-use is high quality graphic printing, such as book and magazine covers or postcards. Paperboard is also used in fine arts for creating sculptures. Sometimes it is referred to as cardboard , which

363-428: Is a technical term that is defined as the amount of blue-white light that a paper reflects. This property is very subjective and individual to each buyer and end use, as skin colour and food are better reproduced on 'warm' (yellow) whites and not blue whites. Grammage: The grammage of the paperboard is assessed in accordance ISO 536. Grammage expresses mass per unit area and is measured in g/m . PH: Surface pH

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396-402: Is an inexpensive wire clothing hanger covered in paper. Caped hangers are used by dry cleaners to protect garments after cleaning. Used wire hangers may be recycled, or returned to the dry cleaner. The development of travel hangers, which are designed to provide a compact solution for travelers who require a simple, lightweight and foldable hanger that can accommodate their clothing needs, was

429-529: Is made from wood pulp. Today paperboard packaging in general, and especially products from certified sustainable sources, are receiving new attention, as manufacturers dealing with environmental, health, and regulatory issues look to renewable resources to meet increasing demand. It is now mandatory in many countries for paper-based packaging to be manufactured wholly or partially from recycled material. Raw materials include: Two principal methods for extracting fibres from their sources are: Pulp used in

462-720: Is mainly looked at in conjunction with the paper industry. The Paper & Paperboard market size (2007) had a value of US$ 630.9 billion and a volume of 320.3 million metric tons. Of that market 40.1% is European. About 50% of all produced paper is used for packaging, followed by printing and writing. According to ProCarton, the consumption of paper and paperboard seem to correlate with economic trends (GDP). Sales of carton in Europe sum up to around 8 billion Euros worth. Over 1,100 printers produce 5.4 million tonnes of cartonboard yearly. Cartons make up one third of paper and board packaging and 15% of all packaging. A bit more than half (54%) of

495-556: Is measured on a water extract and is on a scale of 0–14. 0 is acidic , 7 is neutral and 14 is alkaline . Stiffness: Stiffness is one of the most important properties of paperboard as it affects the ability of cartons to run smoothly through the machine that erects, fills and closes them. Stiffness also gives strength and reduces the propensity of a carton to bulge under the weight of settling flowable contents such as cereals. Although most paper strength properties increase with increasing sheet density, stiffness does not. A rule of thumb

528-740: Is one way in which hangers can be more sustainable. The production of hangers from recycled materials reduces waste, conserves energy and resources, and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. This development is a natural progression in the evolution of hangers, aligning with global efforts to reduce plastic waste and promote sustainability. The wire is versatile, and wire clothes hangers are often used as cheap sources of semi-tough wire, more available than baling wire for all sorts of home projects. The use of wire clothes hangers for use as makeshift welding rod has been common for nearly 100 years. Similarly, many similar do-it-yourself and children's projects use wire hangers as holders of various types, from keeping

561-402: Is that stiffness is proportional to the 1.6 power of sheet caliper. The species of fiber used has an effect on stiffness, other things being equal. Northern softwood species impart superior stiffness compared to southern softwoods. Other factors which affect board stiffness include coatings and moisture content. Smoothness: Smoothness is particularly important when being used for printing,

594-457: Is the wooden hanger, which consists of a flat piece of wood cut into a boomerang -like shape with the edges sanded down to prevent damage to the clothing, and a hook, usually of metal, protruding from the point. Some wooden hangers have a rounded bar from tip to tip, forming a flattened triangle. This bar is designed to hang the trousers belonging to the jacket. The third kind and most used in today's world are plastic coat hangers, which mostly mimic

627-446: Is treated and shaped individually in order to create the highest possible quality. In order to improve whiteness, smoothness and gloss of paperboard, one or more layers of coating is applied. Coated paper is usually made up of: Additional components could be OBA ( optical brightening agents ). The DIN Standard 19303 "Paperboard - Terms and grades" (Publication date : 2005-09) defines different grades of paperboard based on

660-522: The European carton is produced using recovered fibre or waste paper. The paper and paperboard industry is quite energy and capital intensive. Just a coated board machine itself can cost around 90 - 120 million Euros (about 125 - US$ 166 million in 11/2011). Economies of scale apply, because of which a few large players often dominate the market place. E.g. in North America the top 5 producers have

693-413: The collar area for ease of use and the reduction of stretching are an old, yet potentially useful variation on traditional clothes hangers. They have been patented over 200 times in the U.S. alone, as in U.S. Patent 0586456, awarded in 1897 to George E. Hideout. Referred to as a coat-hanger , the small piece of fabric attached to the nape of the neck inside a coat or jacket was developed in 1830, enabling

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726-452: The following are often used: Fibrous material is turned into pulp and bleached to create one or more layers of board, which can be optionally coated for a better surface and/or improved appearance. Pulp board is produced on pulping machines that can handle higher grammage and several plies. The above-mentioned fibrous material can either come from fresh (virgin) sources (e.g. wood) or from recycled waste paper . Around 90% of virgin paper

759-409: The hanging of such types of outer clothing. Around 1850, small chains were developed to be used in place of fabric loops, though the use of loops of fabric continued, and are still a feature present in many garments today. US President Thomas Jefferson was known to have a device for hanging clothes in his closet at Monticello . However, today's most-used hanger, the shoulder-shaped wire hanger,

792-460: The manufacture of paperboard can be bleached to decrease colour and increase purity. Virgin fibre pulp is naturally brown in colour, because of the presence of lignin . Recycled paperboard may contain traces of inks , bonding agents and other residue which colors it grey. Although bleaching is not necessary for all end-uses, it is vital for many graphical and packaging purposes. There are various methods of bleaching , which are used according to

825-506: The person on whom it is performed. At pro-choice protests, wire clothes hangers have been used as symbols of the danger of criminalizing elective abortion. Paperboard Paperboard is a thick paper -based material. While there is no rigid differentiation between paper and paperboard, paperboard is generally thicker (usually over 0.30 mm, 0.012 in, or 12 points ) than paper and has certain superior attributes such as foldability and rigidity. According to ISO standards, paperboard

858-564: The shape of either a wire or a wooden hanger. Plastic coat hangers are also produced in smaller sizes to accommodate the shapes of children's clothes. Some hangers have clips along the bottom for suspending skirts. Dedicated skirt and trousers hangers may not use the triangular shape at all, instead using just a rod with clips. Other hangers have little rings coming from the top two bars to hang straps from tank-tops on. Specialized pant hanger racks may accommodate many pairs of trousers. Foldable clothes hangers that are designed to be inserted through

891-643: The shape we would recognize today, and hung his coat. Also credited is Christopher Cann in 1876 as an engineering student at Boston University. In 1906 Meyer May, a men's clothier of Grand Rapids, Michigan , became the first retailer to display his wares on his wishbone -inspired hangers. Some of these original hangers can be seen at the Frank Lloyd Wright -designed Meyer May House in Grand Rapids. In 1932 Schuyler C. Hulett patented an improved design, which used cardboard tubes mounted on

924-472: The smoother the paperboard, the better the image quality, because of better ink coverage. Smoothness is measured using air leak methods – the greater the rate of air leakage, at a specific air pressure, from under a cylindrical knife placed on the surface, the rougher the surface. Caliper/thickness: In the United States caliper is usually expressed in thousandths of an inch (0.001”) or points, where

957-471: The surface treatment (first letter), the main furnish (second letter) and the colour (non-D grade) or bulk (D grade only) (numbering). All except D grades: D grades only: Example: GC1 would be a "pigment coated", "virgin mechanical pulp" board with a "white reverse side". Often the used paperboard type would be FBB, which was coated on both sides. Basis weight (US): Is the weight in 1,000 square feet (93 m ) of paperboard. Brightness: Brightness

990-466: The upper and lower parts of the wire to prevent wrinkles, and in 1935 Elmer D. Rogers added a tube on the lower bar, which is still used. Hangers can be made in wood, wire, plastic, rarely from a rubber substance and other materials. Some are padded with fine materials, such as satin , for expensive clothes, lingerie and fancy dresses. The soft, plush padding is intended to protect garments from shoulder dents that wire hangers may make. A caped hanger

1023-458: Was developed in 1879. In 1911 the first kraft sulphate mill was built in Florida . In 1915 the gable top milk carton was patented and in 1935 the first dairy plant was observed using them. Ovenable paperboard was introduced in 1974. Terminology and classifications of paperboard are not always uniform. Differences occur depending on specific industry, locale, and personal choice. In general,

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1056-464: Was inspired by a coat hook that was invented in 1869 by O. A. North of New Britain, Connecticut . An employee of the Timberlake Wire and Novelty Company, Albert J. Parkhouse of Jackson, Michigan has also been credited with the invention. The story goes that one morning in 1903, Parkhouse arrived to work to find that all coat hooks were taken. Annoyed, he took a piece of wire, bent it into

1089-417: Was originally designed to allow people quick access to their clothing as well as designate an area, in their home, to keep their clothing in. It was also used to keep clothing dry or without a wrinkle. There are three basic types of clothes hangers. The first is the wire hanger, which has a simple loop of wire, most often steel , in a flattened triangle shape that continues into a hook at the top. The second

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