Liscio or ballo liscio ("smooth" or "smooth dance" respectively in Italian) is a genre of music originating in the 19th century in the northern Italian region of Romagna under the influence of Viennese ballroom dances including the mazurka , waltz , polka , schottische , march . It later became popular and spread to the rest of the country. The accordion , which was also a 19th-century invention, features prominently. The tradition contrasts with older Italian folk dances in which the fiddle was the primary instrument.
30-437: In Romagna , the phenomenon of the public and popular dance called "liscio" has created a unique universe and it has revolutionised the approaches to social, community and festive contexts, because it managed to blend different social strata and to allow a broad and inclusive identification process for higher but also more humble social classes. Nowadays, this universe is home to many different protagonists: it gives employment to
60-663: A twofold kingdom of the Romans and Goths. Under the Ostrogoths Italy was partly restored to its former prosperity. In 535 Justinian I initiated the Gothic War . It was fought for 20 years, and the Ostrogoths were finally subjugated. The peninsula, depopulated and devastated, was ruled by an exarch from Ravenna. However, Imperial authority was maintained for barely more than a decade. In 568 new Germanic tribes ,
90-511: A buffer region between the regions of Romagna and the Marche . The region's major cities include Cesena , Faenza , Forlì , Imola , Ravenna , and Rimini . The independent Republic of San Marino is considered by some to be part of the region. Romagnol culture exerts a considerable influence over the Montefeltro historical region, on the borders between Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany , and
120-666: A huge number of musicians, singers, dancers, dance halls, record companies and media (TV, radio, local magazines). They form part of a rich cultural industry, held together by a powerful territorial and traditional binding force which is typical of Romagna's folklore. In its essence, "liscio" is a combination of music and dance: its style is easily recognisable because it is rousing, with a cadenced rhythmic style and full of technical virtuosities. Nowadays, even if liscio performances have decreased in favour of more contaminated and mixed songs, many music bands maintain this genre in their musical repertoire. This tradition of Romagna, besides being
150-694: A strong Latin American influence by the 1950s. The repertoire of California ballo liscio musicians is diverse, including uniquely Italian dances like the tarantella ; pan-European round dance forms; the American foxtrot ; the Spanish jota and paso doble ; the Latin American rhumba ; and the Caribbean beguine . Several bands continue to play ballo liscio repertoire in California, including
180-420: A varied enterprise, is a fundamental tool for the valorisation of the immaterial cultural heritage of the territory. Italian immigrants to San Francisco , California brought the liscio tradition to California in the early 1900s. Central to the California tradition are mandolin , accordion , and guitar , sometimes supplemented by violin and double bass . The ballroom music of Italian immigrants underwent
210-853: The Farnese family of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza , the House of Este of the Ferrara , and the Duchy of Modena and Reggio , and the Papal States. The Duchy of Ferrara was later annexed by the Papal States on the extinction of the main d'Este line in 1597, with the cadet branch retaining the Imperial fiefs of Modena and Reggio. This situation lasted until the French invasion of 1796, which brought bloodshed (the massacre of Lugo , looting, heavy taxation,
240-554: The Latin name Romania , which originally was the generic name for "land inhabited by Romans", and first appeared on Latin documents in the 5th century AD. It later took on the more specific meaning of "territory subjected to Eastern Roman rule", whose citizens called themselves Romans ( Romani in Latin; Ῥωμαῖοι , Rhomaîoi in Greek). Thus the term Romania came to be used to refer to
270-504: The Marche . On 15 August 2009, seven municipalities were transferred from the Province of Pesaro and Urbino to the Province of Rimini : Casteldelci , Maiolo , Novafeltria , Pennabilli , San Leo , Sant'Agata Feltria and Talamello . On 17 June 2021, the municipalities of Montecopiolo and Sassofeltrio followed. A number of archaeological sites in the region, such as Monte Poggiolo , show that Romagna has been inhabited since
300-581: The Montefeltro family , who ruled in the area during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance . The mountainous region includes San Marino and the upper valleys of the rivers Marecchia and Conca . It is situated at the borders of the Italian regions of Emilia-Romagna , the Marche , and Tuscany . The region has been historically considered an extension of Romagna . Montefeltro covers mostly
330-771: The Paleolithic age. The Umbri , speaking an extinct Italic language called Umbrian , are the first traceable inhabitants of the region. The Etruscans also dwelt in some portions of Romagna. In the 5th century BC, various Gaulish tribes, most notably the Lingones , Senones and Boii , moved south into Ithe Italian peninsula, and sacked Rome in 390 BC. The Senones subjugated the Umbri and settled in Romagna, extending south to Ancona , with their capital at Sena Gallica ( Senigallia ). The lands formerly inhabited by
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#1732787293323360-549: The Republic of Florence , which took land up to Forlì and Cervia, building the famous city-fortress of Terra del Sole . The Florentine Romagna remained part of Tuscany until the 1920s. In 1500 Cesare Borgia , illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI , carved out for himself an ephemeral Duchy of Romagna, but his lands were reabsorbed into the Papal States after his fall. In 1559 the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis divided Romagna between
390-529: The River Po . During Sulla's civil war in 82 to 82 BC, most of the colonies supported Gaius Marius . Forum Livii and Caesena ( Cesena ) were razed to ground, and the region was looted by Lucius Cornelius Sulla 's victorious army. The First Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic along the infamous Rubicon . Most of the colonies in present-day Romagna were ruled by Julius Caesar , with
420-558: The Byzantines in 730. In 737 the king entered Romagna once more and took Ravenna. The exarch, Eutychius , retook the region in 740, with Venetian assistance. Eventually another Lombard king, Aistulf , conquered Romagna once more, and brought an end to the exarchate in 751. King Rudolf I of Germany officially ceded Romagna to the Papal States in 1278. However, papal control over the area long remained only nominal. The region
450-895: The Empire further intensified. In 402, Emperor Honorius even moved the Western Roman Empire 's capital from Mediolanum to Ravenna, mainly because of the region's defensive terrain. 8 years later, Alaric I of the Visigoths looted Rome. In 476, Odoacer deposed Romulus in Ravenna, thus marking an end to the Western Empire . Encouraged by Emperor Zeno , Theodoric the Great led the Ostrogoths into Italy. He entered Ravenna and murdered Odoacer in 493, establishing
480-578: The Lombards, entered Italy, and established their capital at Pavia . The Empire could barely defend the region around Ravenna and Rome, connected by a narrow strip of land passing through Perugia , as well as a series of coastal cities. The Imperial frontier retreated to Bologna . In 727 the Lombard King Liutprand renewed war against the Byzantines, taking most of Romagna and besieging Ravenna itself. These territories were returned to
510-579: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Montefeltro. The area is subject to recent territorial changes between the province of Pesaro and Urbino and the Province of Rimini. On 15 August 2009, seven municipalities were transferred from Pesaro and Urbino to Rimini: Casteldelci , Maiolo , Novafeltria , Pennabilli , San Leo , Sant'Agata Feltria and Talamello . On 17 June 2021, the municipalities of Montecopiolo and Sassofeltrio followed. In
540-581: The Roman rule in the region, in 187 BC, the Via Aemilia was completed from Ariminum to Piacentia ( Piacenza ). A series of colonies were founded along the route; in Romagna, these included Forum Livii ( Forlì ), Forum Cornellii ( Imola ), and Forum Popilii ( Forlimpopoli ). The Lex Julia of 90 BC, following the Social War , granted Roman citizenship to all municipia south of
570-664: The Senones were known as ager Gallicus (Gallic plain) to the Romans. According to the Italian linguist Giacomo Devoto , there are still a number of Celtic substrata in the Romagnolo dialect . In 295 BC, the Roman Republic won a decisive victory at the Battle of Sentinum against a coalition of Umbris, Senones, Samnites , and Etruscans . To consolidate their victory, the colonia of Ariminum ( Rimini )
600-657: The bands Zighi Baci & Mazurka Madness which both play regularly at Caffe Trieste in North Beach , Caffe Acustico, Paul & Emily, the Hot Frittatas, the Graventsein Mandolin Ensemble, and Gus Garelick. Romagna Romagna ( Romagnol : Rumâgna ) is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy . The name Romagna originates from
630-540: The destruction of Cesena University) but also innovative ideas in social and political fields. Under Napoleonic rule Romagna received recognition as an entity for the first time, with the creation of the provinces of the Pino (Ravenna) and Rubicone (Forlì). When in 1815 the Congress of Vienna restored the pre-war situation, secret anti-papal societies were formed, and riots broke out in 1820, 1830–31 and 1848. This opposition
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#1732787293323660-481: The mountain part of the province of Pesaro and Urbino ( Marche ) and the south-western area of the province of Rimini ( Emilia-Romagna ). It comprises also two municipalities of the province of Arezzo , Tuscany , and the Republic of San Marino . The most important town of the region is Novafeltria . Today it is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro , formerly until 1978
690-599: The notable exception of Ariminum , south of the river. In 49 BC, Caesar, who had been residing in Ravenna, led the Legio XIII across the Rubicon, igniting Caesar's civil war . After the decisive Battle of Actium , the reign of Augustus started a centuries-long era of Pax Romana . All of Cisalpine Gaul had been incorporated into the Roman province of Italia . Around 7 BC, Augustus divided all of Italy into eleven regiones , and most of Romagna (except Rimini )
720-464: The popular figures cited above. In the early 20th century the autonomy of Romagna was advocated by Aldo Spallicci , Giuseppe Fuschini , Emilio Lussu and others. A movement proposing separation from Emilia-Romagna was created in the 1990s. 44°45′N 11°00′E / 44.750°N 11.000°E / 44.750; 11.000 Montefeltro Montefeltro is a historical and geographical region in northern Italy . It gave its name to
750-621: The territory administered by the Exarchate of Ravenna in contrast to other parts of Northern Italy under Lombard rule, named Langobardia or Lombardy . Romagna is traditionally limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to the east, and the rivers Reno and Sillaro to the north and west. To the southeast, the valley formed by the Conca river has historically formed
780-649: Was divided among a series of regional lords, such as the Ordelaffi of Forlì or the Malatesta of Rimini, many of them adhering to the Ghibelline party in opposition to the pro-papal Guelphs . This situation started to change in the late-15th century, when after their return to Rome from Avignon in 1378, stronger popes progressively reasserted their authority in the fragmented region. Parts of Romagna were also seized by other powers, including Venice, and most notably
810-593: Was founded in southern Romagna in 268 BC, alongside the construction of the Via Flaminia , running from Rome to Ariminum . Rome was further strengthened by their victory over Celtic tribes at the Battle of Telamon in 225 BC, leading to the Roman hegemony over the new Roman Province of Cisalpine Gaul centred at Mutina (modern Modena ). After the Second Punic War , the pro- Carthaginian Lingones and Senoni were expelled. To consolidate
840-585: Was fuelled by the Mazzinian propaganda and the direct action of Giuseppe Garibaldi . Men like Felice Orsini , Piero Maroncelli and Aurelio Saffi were among the protagonists of the Italian Risorgimento . However, after joining the unification of Italy in 1860, Romagna was not awarded separate status by the Savoy monarchs, who were afraid of dangerous destabilizing tendencies in the wake of
870-461: Was in the eighth, Aemilia . Towards the end of the 3rd century, Diocletian reordered the Empire into four prefectures , each divided into dioceses , which in turn were divided into provinces . Under the new system, Italy was demoted to a mere Imperial province. Modern Romagna was organized into the Roman province of Flaminia et Picenum in the diocese of Italia Annonaria . Ravenna, which
900-474: Was surrounded by swamps and marshes, prospered and steadily rose in importance, and a Roman fleet was based at the city. It had developed into a major port on the Adriatic . However, in 330, the capital of the Empire was transferred to Constantinople , so with the fleet that stationed at Ravenna, thus weakened the coastal defence in the Adriatic . Stepping into the 5th century, the Germanic migrations into
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