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90-635: The Llao Llao Hotel is located in the tourist resort of San Carlos de Bariloche within the Río Negro , Argentina. This famous hotel is situated in the foothills of the Andes on a hill between the Moreno Lake and Nahuel Huapi lakes. The original hotel, designed by Alejandro Bustillo , was made almost entirely of wood and furnished by Jean-Michel Frank and Casa Comte, was destroyed by fire soon after its completion in 1939. A year later Bustillo built

180-488: A German-Chilean from Osorno, was left in charge of local affairs. By 1900 Chilean merchants dominated trade in the area of Nahuel Huapi Lake by their control of nearby mountain passes. Hube & Achelis controlled Paso Pérez Rosales and Camino y Lacoste did so in Paso Puyehue . A war scare between Chile and Argentina in the 1900s meant some difficulties for these earlier entrepreneurs who later came to benefit from

270-691: A centre of cattle trade that relied on commerce with Chile, to becoming a tourism centre for the Argentine elite. It took on a cosmopolitan architectural and urban profile. Growth in the city's tourist trade began in the 1930s, when local hotel occupancy grew from 1550 tourists in 1934 to 4000 in 1940. In 1934 Ezequiel Bustillo, then director of the National Parks Direction, contracted his brother Alejandro Bustillo to build several buildings in Iguazú and Nahuel Huapi National Park (Bariloche

360-407: A guest of President Arturo Frondizi in 1960. Classical violinist Alberto Lysy established the string quartet Camerata Bariloche in 1967. During the 1950s, on the small island of Huemul, not far into lake Nahuel Huapi, former president Juan Domingo Perón tried to have the world's first fusion reactor built secretly. The project cost the equivalent of about $ 300 million modern US dollars, and it

450-503: A high-technology company that designs and builds nuclear reactors, state-of-the-art radars and space satellites, among other projects. The private, non-profit organization Bariloche Foundation continues the tradition of scientific research in the city. Started in 1963, it promotes postgraduate teaching and research. There are also several departments and laboratories at the National University of Comahue . Bariloche lies in

540-626: A line of pukaras (fortresses) and then an outer zone with Inca pukaras scattered among allied tribes. This outer zone would according to historian José Bengoa have been located between the Maipo and Maule Rivers. The largest indigenous population were the Mapuches living south of the Inca borders in the area spanning from the Itata River to Chiloé Archipelago . The Mapuche population between

630-511: A new hotel out of reinforced concrete and stone, with the assistance of the German landscaping architect Hermann Botrich . It closed in 1976 due to lack of funds for maintenance. While it was closed, the hotel was exposed to robbery, vandalism and overall neglect. It was renovated and reopened in 1993 after ownership was transferred to CEI Citicorp Holdings in compensation for Argentina government bonds. The Argentinian property company IRSA acquired

720-593: A permanent population of 108,205 according to the 2010 census. According to the latest statistics from 2015, the population is around 122,700, and a projection for 2020 estimates 135,704. The name Bariloche comes from the Mapudungun word Vuriloche meaning "people from behind the mountain" ( vuri = behind, che = people). The Poya people used the Vuriloche pass to cross the Andes, keeping it secret from

810-574: A rare female conquistadora. The conquest of Chile was not carried out directly by the Spanish Crown but by Spaniards that formed enterprises for those purposes and gathered financial resources and soldiers for the enterprise by their own. In 1541 an expedition (enterprise) led by Pedro de Valdivia founded Santiago initiating the conquest of Chile. The first years were harsh for the Spaniards mainly due to their poverty, indigenous rebellions,

900-631: A relative of Prince Bernhard , then moved to a Bavarian-style mansion at Inalco , a remote and barely accessible spot at the northwest end of Nahuel Huapi Lake, close to the Chilean border . Supposedly, Eva Braun left Hitler around 1954 and moved to Neuquén with their daughter Ursula ('Uschi'). Adolf Hitler died in February 1962 at age 73, and Eva Braun was alleged to be alive in the 2000s. These accounts are disputed by most historians, who generally believe that Hitler and Braun committed suicide in

990-808: A reputation of being poorly dressed among the Spanish in Peru ( roto ), in fact, in Santiago , lack of clothes made some Spanish to dress with hides from dogs, cats, sea lions , and foxes . According to traditional historiography, the Spanish first came to Central Chile the territory had been under Inca rule for about 60 years. There are however dissenting views, recent works suggest at least 130 years of Inca presence in Central Chile, and historian Osvaldo Silva posits remarkably short chronologies of direct Inca rule and military involvement. According to Silva

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1080-556: A road connected the city with Neuquén . Commerce continued to depend on Chile until the arrival of the railroad in 1934, which connected the city with Argentine markets. Between 1935 and 1940, the Argentine Directorate of National Parks carried out a number of urban public works, giving the city a distinctive architectural style. Among them, perhaps the best-known is the Civic Centre. Bariloche grew from being

1170-657: A senior trip to Bariloche, and the town is well prepared to host these kinds of groups. In November 2012, Bariloche was named "national capital of adventure tourism" under Law 26802 sanctioned by the Argentine National Congress. Besides tourism and related services, Bariloche is home of advanced scientific and technological activities. The Centro Atómico Bariloche is a research center of the National Atomic Energy Commission , where basic and applied research in many areas of

1260-718: A ship under construction that was in the Bay, only a Spaniard and a slave escaped from the place. Trangolonco addresses as ambassador to all the indigenous chiefs of the Cachapoal , Maipo and Mapocho valleys to send their contingents and join Michimalonco, so that, just as he did with the Incas, he expels the Spanish from the Wallmapu. This action managed to gather around 16,000 warriors. On September 11, 1541, Michimalonco attacked

1350-671: A succession of tills deposited during the Last Ice Age . Bariloche is in the transition area between the Patagonian steppe and Valdivian forest , therefore it is rich in a variety of native species, of which the following is a list. The city is served by San Carlos de Bariloche International Airport ( IATA BRC/ ICAO SAZS) equipped to receive any kind of aircraft. Several of Argentina 's most important airlines maintain regular flights to Bariloche, as well as some international lines from neighbouring countries, especially during

1440-689: A west–east precipitation gradient. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 4,000 mm (157 in) in the Andean peaks and in Puerto Blest to only 600 mm (24 in) in the Limay River area. In the urban areas, mean annual precipitation ranges from 800 to 1,000 mm (31 to 39 in). Most of this is concentrated in autumn and winter, which are responsible for 70% of the annual precipitation. The mean annual temperature in Bariloche

1530-547: Is twinned with: https://www.rionegro.com.ar/el-basurero-de-bariloche-figura-entre-los-50-mas-contaminantes-del-mundo-1016253/ 41°09′S 71°18′W  /  41.150°S 71.300°W  / -41.150; -71.300 Conquest of Chile This was the period of Spanish conquest of territories, founding of cities, establishment of the Captaincy General of Chile , and defeats ending its further colonial expansion southwards. The initial conflict with

1620-491: Is 8.4 °C (47 °F) in the city centre (1901–1950). At the airport in the eastern end, the mean annual temperature is 8.3 °C (47 °F) (for the period 1981–2010). In January, daytime temperatures normally range from 20 to 28 °C (68 to 82 °F) and may occasionally go up to 30 °C (86 °F). The average minimum in January is 8.2 °C (47 °F) at the city centre and 6.6 °C (44 °F) at

1710-560: Is a city in the province of Río Negro , Argentina , situated in the foothills of the Andes on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake . It is located within the Nahuel Huapi National Park . After development of extensive public works and Alpine-styled architecture, the city emerged in the 1930s and 1940s as a major tourism centre with skiing , trekking and mountaineering facilities. In addition, it has numerous restaurants, cafés, and chocolate shops. The city had

1800-435: Is characterized by being windy throughout the year; 85% of the days are windy and calm days are rare. Most of the wind predominantly comes from the west-northwest with easterly winds being rare. Normally, the winds are strong, particularly in spring where gusts can exceed 100 km/h (62 mph). At the city centre, mean annual precipitation is 1,092 mm (43 in) in which there are 122 days with precipitation. In

1890-423: Is due to the lakes being large, making it difficult for the sun to influence their temperature, owing to their large heat capacity. Smaller lakes can freeze in the winter, particularly those located in the higher elevations. The central parts of Bariloche are built on a landscape of moraines and, next to the lake, of alluvial and lacustrine plains and terraces . The subsoil of the city consists partially of

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1980-421: Is the desperate situation of a large number of people who go to the dump daily in search of food or shelter. In addition, the fires in various sectors of the landfill also became recurrent, affecting not only those who work in the dump but also the closest neighborhoods, without forgetting to mention the forests that surround it, the fauna that inhabits them, and the water, that is deposited in layers that end up in

2070-705: Is usual for the Regiment to receive infantry personnel from other parts of the country and train them. Furthermore, the Escuela Militar de Montaña , the mountain warfare school of the Argentine Army is located in Bariloche. The main Neighbourhoods are Belgrano, Jardín Botánico, Melipal, Centro, Las Victorias, Las Marias, Dos Valles, and Playa Bonita. The city of Bariloche has one of the fifty most dangerous landfills for natural environment of

2160-615: The 1902 boundary arbitration between Chile and Argentina which increased trust along the international boundary. The trade route established by Wiederhold connecting the Pacific port of Puerto Montt with Nahuel Huapi Lake in the inland was well into the 1910s among the most important ones in northern Patagonia . The Chilean entrepreneurs expanded beyond trade and established husbandry operations around Nahuel Huapi Lake. These enterprises exported meat to Central Chile and imported labour from southern Chile, mainly Chiloé Archipelago , to run

2250-578: The Argentine Northwest in 1535. From there he crossed into Chile at the latitudes of Copiapó . Almagro's expedition was a failure as he did not find the riches he expected. Almagro's failed expedition gave the lands of Chile a bad reputation among the Spanish in Peru. In April 1539, Francisco Pizarro authorized Pedro de Valdivia as his lieutenant governor with orders to conquer Chile . That did not include monetary aid, which he had to procure on his own. Valdivia did so, in association with

2340-481: The Führerbunker during last days of World War II. Tourism, both domestic and international, is the main economic activity of Bariloche throughout the year. The city is very popular with Brazilians, Europeans and Israelis. One of the most popular activities is skiing, and most tourists visit Bariloche in winter (June–September). Regular flights from Buenos Aires via LAN airlines and Aerolíneas Argentinas serve

2430-584: The Limarí River valley to cut off land communications between Chile and Peru for the Spanish. Michimalonco becomes strong in this sector with its Mapuche contingent added to the contingent of its Diaguita allies. After some victories against the Spanish advances, Pedro de Valdivia was forced to command his army himself and go to sustain the battle of Limarí, where the Mapuche-Diaguita hosts were defeated. Then Valdivia commanded Juan Bohon to found

2520-910: The Neo-Gothic San Carlos de Bariloche Cathedral, and the Llao Llao Hotel . Architect Ernesto de Estrada designed the Civic Centre of Bariloche, which opened in 1940. The Civic Centre's tuff stone, slate and Fitzroya structures include the Domingo Sarmiento Library, the Francisco Moreno Museum of Patagonia , City Hall, the Post Office, the Police Station, and the Customs. U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower visited Bariloche as

2610-522: The Straits of Magellan (53° S). He did however only reach Reloncaví Sound (41°45' S). Later in 1567 Chiloé Archipelago (42°30' S) was conquered, from there on southern expansion of the Spanish Empire halted. The Spanish are thought to have lacked incentives for further conquests south. The indigenous populations were scarce and had ways of life that differed from the sedentary agricultural life

2700-562: The Wallmapu . The Spanish and Mapuche hosts face each other in the Battle of Mapocho where Pedro de Valdivia is victorious. Michimalonco decides to make a tactical retreat to gather more contingent and expel the Spanish invaders with a surprise attack, but the Spanish find out about this accumulation of forces and decide to go where the Mapuche forces were accumulating for a surprise attack and

2790-765: The last Inca push towards the south was made as late as in the early 1530s. The main settlements of the Inca Empire in Chile lay along the Aconcagua River , Mapocho River , and the Maipo River. Quillota in Aconcagua Valley was likely their foremost settlement. As it appear to be the case in the other borders of the Inca Empire, the southern border was composed of several zones: first, an inner, fully incorporated zone with mitimaes protected by

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2880-590: The viceroy of Peru . Historians disagree if the mission belonged to the jurisdiction of Valdivia or Chiloé . According to historic documents, the Poya of Nahuelhuapi requested the mission to be reestablished, apparently to forge an alliance with the Spaniards against the Puelche . Following the 1712 Huilliche rebellion in Chiloé Archipelago some insurgents sought refuge with Father Manuel del Hoyo in

2970-502: The 1840s. Some of these settlers and their descendants begun a lucrative leather industry obtaining leather from indigenous communities across the Andes. In the 1880s, the Argentine Army displaced indigenous communities, disrupting this trade and forcing leather merchants in Chile to cross the Andes to obtain supplies. This way numerous entrepreneurs from Chile, many with a German background, established cattle and trade business in

3060-588: The Americas was characterized by the establishments of cities in the middle of conquered territories. With the founding of each city a number of conquistadores became vecinos of that city being granted a solar and possibly also a chacra in the outskirts of the city, or a hacienda or estancia in more far away parts of the countryside. Apart from land, natives were also distributed among Spaniards since they were considered vital for carrying out any economic activity. The cities founded, despite defeats in

3150-459: The Andalien battle, and Penco battle in 1550. The victories allowed Valdiva to found cities on the Mapuche homelands, such as Concepcion in 1550, La Imperial, Valdivia , and Villarrica in 1552, and Los Confines in 1553. According to Pedro de Valdivia the Mapuche identified the Spanish as "ingas", meaning Incas , a word that stuck is now known under the form wingka meaning new-Inca. At

3240-647: The Andes to sell these in the Nahuel Huapi area. Wiederhold established then a little shop called La Alemana (The German) in 1895, and it is from this shop the modern settlement of Bariloche developed from. As Wiederhold was named consul of the German Empire in Chile he left Bariloche for Puerto Montt in the 1900s. In Puerto Montt Wiederhold continued to run the business while in Bariloche Wiederhold's business partner Federico Hube, also

3330-571: The Arauco War, were: Santiago (1541), La Serena (1544), Concepción (1550), La Imperial , Valdivia , Villarrica (1552), Los Confines (1553), Cañete (1557), Osorno (1558), Arauco (1566), Castro (1567), Chillán (1580), and Santa Cruz de Oñez (1595). The destruction of the Seven Cities in 1600, and ongoing Arauco War stopped Spanish expansion southward. Spanish conquerors were acompanied by thousands of yanakuna from

3420-577: The Argentine campaigns of the Conquest of the Desert established the legitimacy of the Argentine government. It thought the area was a natural expansion of the Viedma colony and the Andes were the natural frontier to Chile. In the 1881 border treaty between Chile and Argentina , the Nahuel Huapi area was recognized as part of Argentina. German settlers begun to arrive in neighboring southern Chile from

3510-467: The Battle of Chillox takes place where Michimalonco is defeated again. The resounding victory leaves Pedro de Valdivia confident, on February 12, 1541, he founded the city of Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura on Huelen hill (present-day Santa Lucia Hill). After a few months of settlement, Pedro de Valdivia gathers forces and goes directly to attack the fortress of Michimalonco in Paidahuén, leading to

3600-744: The Canary Islands, where they boarded a U-Boat and crossed the Atlantic to Argentina, where thousands of Nazis were provided sanctuary by president Juan Perón , who, with his wife Eva Perón , had been receiving money from the Nazis for some time. As claims received by the FBI stated, Hitler allegedly arrived in Argentina, first staying at Hacienda San Ramón, a rural property 10 kilometres (6 mi) east of Bariloche owned by Stephan von Schaumburg-Lippe,

3690-548: The Captaincy of Chile Pedro de Valdivia sent Francisco de Villagra to explore the area east of the Andes at the latitudes of the city of Valdivia . Francisco de Villagra crossed the Andes through Mamuil Malal Pass and headed south until reaching Limay River in the vicinity of Nahuel Huapi Lake. Another early Spaniard to visit the zone of Nahuel Huapi Lake was the Jesuit priest Diego de Rosales . He had been ordered to

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3780-736: The East, by RN 23 (partially paved), crossing the railway line to Viedma ( Línea Sur ), or from the South by RN 40, coming from the town of El Bolsón (until 2003 this road was numbered RN 258). San Carlos de Bariloche lies close to the Chilean border and is connected to Chile by the Cardenal Antonio Samoré Pass (125 km North-West from Bariloche, near Villa La Angostura) crossing the Andes Mountains. A terminal railway station links Bariloche to Viedma . Within

3870-773: The Itata River and Reloncaví Sound has been estimated at 705,000–900,000 in the mid-16th century by historian José Bengoa . Mapuches lived in scattered hamlets , mainly along the great rivers of Southern Chile . All major population centres lay at the confluences of rivers. Mapuches preferred to build their houses on hilly terrain or isolated hills rather than on plains and terraces . The Mapuche people represented an unbroken culture dating back to as early as 600 to 500 BC. Yet Mapuches had been influenced over centuries by Central Andean cultures such as Tiwanaku . A cultural linkage of this sort may help explain parallels in mythological cosmologies among Mapuches, Huilliches and

3960-653: The Mapuche extended well beyond the conquest period becoming known as the Arauco War , and the Spanish were never able to reassert control in Araucanía south of the Bío Bío River . Spanish conquerors entering Chile were acompanied by thousands of yanakuna from the already subdued territories of the Inca Empire as well by a few African slaves . In the first years of the period the Spanish in Chile gained

4050-472: The Spanish and carried out the Destruction of Santiago , with only a handful of Spaniards barely surviving. Then Michimalonco applied the “empty war” which consisted of not giving the Spaniards any type of food or supplies so that they could go back to Peru . The Spanish barely resisted and there were a series of skirmishes between Spanish and Mapuche forces. After a large number of confrontations between

4140-440: The Spanish arrival as evidenced by the fast advances of the Spanish conquerors. According to Zavala and co-workers (2021) the widespread gold-related toponyms in Mapuche lands and early Spanish reports of gold objects, plus the easiness for the Spanish to find gold mines suggests that gold mining did occur in Pre-Hispanic Chile south of Itata River , well beyond the borders of the Inca Empire. The first Spanish subjects to enter

4230-403: The Spanish immigrants in Santiago. The Chilean region was not as rich in minerals as Peru, so the indigenous peoples were forced to work on construction projects and placer gold mining. After a time of exploitation of the gold, Trangolonco, Michimalonco's brother, revolted and defeat the Spaniards in Marga Marga and destroyed the Spanish settlement, then defeat the Spanish in Concón and burned

4320-404: The Spanish in Chile. Valdivia came to the Valley of Copiapo and took possession in the name of the King of Spain and named it Nueva Extremadura , for his Spanish homeland of Extremadura . Recently arrived Pedro de Valdivia in central Chile is confronted by the toqui Michimalonco , who a couple of years before had expelled the Incas from Mapuche territory and dominated the northern lands of

4410-447: The Spanish mined gold placers and silver. The original site of the city was likely close to modern Pucón . However at some point in the 16th century it is presumed the gold placers were buried by lahars flowing down from nearby Villarrica Volcano . This prompted settlers to relocate the city further west at its modern location. Mining activity declined in the late 16th century as the richest part of placer deposits, which are usually

4500-408: The Spanish priests for a long time. There is evidence of the existence of indigenous settlements on banks of Lake Nahuel Huapi, in the area now occupied by the city of Bariloche, prior to arrival of expeditionaries and white settlers. During the Neolithic , the arrival of human beings to Nahuel Huapi region occurs. The archaeological and historical record speaks of tehuelches and puelches presence in

4590-419: The Spanish. The key area of the Arauco War were the valleys around Cordillera de Nahuelbuta where the Spanish designs for this region was to exploit the placer deposits of gold using unfree Mapuche labour from the nearby and densely populated valleys. Deaths related to mining contributed to a population decline among native Mapuches . Another site of Spanish mining was the city of Villarrica . At this city

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4680-407: The airport although during warm days, nighttime temperatures can reach to 15 °C (59 °F). In winter, daytime temperatures range from 1 to 8 °C (34 to 46 °F) while nighttime temperatures approach freezing or less. Temperatures vary by altitude; in general, the temperature decreases by 6 °C (11 °F) for every 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) increase in altitude. The weather

4770-422: The area by the Governor of Chile Antonio de Acuña Cabrera , who was concerned about the unrest of the native Puelche and Poya after the slave -hunting expeditions carried out by Luis Ponce de León in 1649, who captured Indians and sold them into slavery. Diego de Rosales started his journey at the ruins of Villarica in Chile, crossed the Andes through Mamuil Malal Pass , and traveled further south along

4860-425: The area of Nahuel Huapi and Lácar lakes. In the summer of 1894-1895 Carlos Wiederhold , a German-Chilean from Osorno , Chile, crossed the poorly known mountain passes of the Andes from Chile into Nahual Huapi Lake. He was aided by the guide Antonio Millaqueo and Daniel Márquez from Chiloé helped them in navigating the lake. Back in Chile Wiederhold bought provisions in Puerto Montt and brought them across

4950-448: The area. With the process of araucanization and mainly since the 17th century, the culture of these groups is strongly affected by Mapuches, who increased their presence from the settlement of Spaniards in Chile, and their continued push east. At 19th century end, in the vicinity of Nahuel Huapi, only a few scattered indigenous families were there: People of Inacayal had been stripped of their lands, and transferred to Tecka (Chubut) when

5040-401: The battle of Paidahuén where the Mapuches are completely defeated and Michimalonco is taken prisoner. To obtain its freedom, Michimalonco offers ownership of the Marga Marga gold pans, previously exploited by the Incas, but which since the expulsion of the Incas belonged to Michimalonco. With this, Michimalonco and his imprisoned men are released and Michimalonco allocates part of its vassals to

5130-442: The biggest city of a huge Lakes District, and it serves as a base for many excursions in the region. Activities such as fishing, whitewater rafting, and birdwatching are popular with tourists. Trekking along trails in the nearby mountain wilderness is supported by a few high-mountain huts operated by the Club Andino Bariloche . The city is noted for its chocolates and Swiss-style architecture. Many high school students in Argentina take

5220-531: The business. Argentine authorities encouraged at first the immigration of Chileans offering land properties if they renounced the Chilean citizenship becoming Argentines. Chilean authorities responded by offering land to those that returned from Argentina. As spontaneous migration from Chiloé Archipelago begun to replace those brought in by enterprises the Argentine authorities came to distrust these migrants. Many independent settlers from Chiloé Archipelago established themselves in Valle Manso south of Bariloche. In

5310-409: The cacique was taken prisoner. Curruhinca had made an act of submission to Argentine government with his own. Some Nguillatun was still being celebrated. But the region was beginning a new stage in its history. Although incorporated into national sovereignty, the Nahuel Huapi area began to develop fundamentally linked to Chile. Before 19th century end, when the border was still in dispute, people from

5400-419: The city of La Serena in 1544 to guarantee that communications with Peru by land would not be interrupted again. The Juan Bautista Pastene expedition ventured to unexplored southern Chile in 1544. Arriving at the Bio-Bio River , started the Arauco War with the Mapuche people. The epic poem La Araucana (1576) by Alonso de Ercilla describes the Spanish viewpoint. The Spanish won several battles, such as

5490-400: The city year round. The main ski slopes are the ones at Cerro Catedral , the biggest ski resort in South America and in the southern hemisphere. During the summer, beautiful beaches such as Playa Bonita and Villa Tacul welcome sun-bathers; brave lake swimmers venture into its cold waters (chilled by melting snow). Lake Nahuel Huapi averages 14 °C (57 °F) in the summertime. Bariloche is

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5580-476: The city, Mibus is the single mass transit bus company that works, this bus line operates with the SUBE card. The Company Las Grutas that connects Bariloche with Dina Huapi also runs through part of the city, although this line operates with its own card. Bariloche is home of the army's "12° Regimiento de Infantería de Montaña" (12th Mountain Infantry Regiment), where military personnel are instructed in mountainous conditions, including combat, survival, and skiing. It

5670-461: The director of the German School of Bariloche for many years. The narrative that Adolf Hitler did not commit suicide, but instead escaped Berlin, was first presented to the general public by Marshal Georgy Zhukov at a press conference on 9 June 1945 on orders from Soviet leader Joseph Stalin . That month, 68% of Americans polled thought Hitler was still alive. When asked at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 how Hitler had died, Stalin said he

5760-418: The eastern Andean valleys, reaching Nahuel Huapi Lake in 1650. In 1670, Jesuit priest Nicolás Mascardi , based in Chiloé Archipelago , entered the area through the Reloncaví Estuary and Todos los Santos Lake to found a mission at the Nahuel Huapi Lake, which lasted until 1673. A new mission at the shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake was established in 1703, backed financially from Potosí , thanks to orders from

5850-477: The eastern end where the airport is located, precipitation is lower, averaging 791 mm (31 in). In winter when temperatures are lower, snowfall can occur, which is favoured by the low evapotranspiration. In spring, melt from snow and lower temperatures lead to moist conditions that facilitate the development of dense forest and agricultural activities. The water temperatures in the lakes are always low, ranging from 12 to 15 °C (54 to 59 °F). This

5940-420: The expedition did not find any Poya. In 1766 the head of the Mission of Ralún tried to reestablish the mission at Nahuel Huapi, but the following year, the Crown suppressed the Society of Jesus , ordering them out of the colonies in the Americas. The area had stronger connections to Chile than to the distant city of Buenos Aires during most of the 19th century, but the explorations of Francisco Moreno and

6030-410: The exploitation of the gold by the Spanish. Valdivia had rejected the position and titles due him while Pizarro was alive, as it could have been seen as an act of treason. He accepted the titles after the death of Francisco Pizarro . Pedro de Valdivia was named Governor and Captain-General of the Captaincy General of Chile on June 11, 1541. He was the first Governor of Chile. For long time Valdivia

6120-402: The first Mapuche cavalry corps. With six thousand warriors under his command, Lautaro attacked the fort at Tucapel . The Spanish garrison was unable to withstand the assault and retreated to Purén . Lautaro seized and burned the fort and prepared his army certain that the Spaniards would attempt to retake Tucapel . Valdivia mounted a counter-attack, but he was quickly surrounded. He and his army

6210-400: The hosts of Valdivia and those of Michimalonco, at the end of 1543 the Spanish managed to finish controlling the valleys of Cachapoal, Maipo and Aconcagua with the conquest by Pedro de Valdivia of three forts that Michimalonco maintained in the Andean mountain range of the Aconcagua River, which causes the withdrawal of Michimalonco's forces towards the north. In 1544 Michimalonco headed to

6300-529: The hotel in 1997 for $ 13.3 million and later sold 50% of its stake to the Sutton Group. In 1999 the hotel became a member of The Leading Hotels of the World , and has won many important prizes since its re-opening, including "The Best Hotel and Resort in the Argentine Hinterland" in 1999. The hotel is the site of the annual classical music festival, Semana Musical Llao Llao . San Carlos de Bariloche San Carlos de Bariloche , usually known as Bariloche ( Spanish pronunciation: [baɾiˈlotʃe] ),

6390-474: The lake from which the local inhabitants extract the water to drink. The Andean Club Bariloche (Spanish: Club Andino Bariloche-CAB ) was co-organiser of the 1st and the 3rd South American Ski Mountaineering Championships . The Club Deportivo Cruz del Sur takes part in Torneo Federal B, the fourth tier of the Argentine football league system . The sides Estudiantes Unidos and Estrella del Sur also participated in lower Argentine leagues. Bariloche

6480-580: The merchant Francisco Martínez Vegaso, captain Alonso de Monroy, and Pedro Sanchez de la Hoz. Sanchez was the longtime secretary to Pizarro, who had returned from Spain with authorization from the king to explore the territories south of the Viceroyalty of Peru to the Strait of Magellan , also granting Valdivia the title of governor over lands taken from the indigenous people. This was the last campaign for

6570-512: The mission. The mission was destroyed in 1717 by Poyas following a disagreement with the missionaries; the superior of the mission had refused to give them a cow. Soon thereafter authorities learned that four or five people travelling to Concepción had been killed by the Poya. The colonists assembled a punitive expedition in Calbuco and Chiloé. Composed of both Spaniards and indios reyunos ,

6660-461: The most shallow, became exhausted. The decline was aggravated by the collapse of the Spanish cities in the south following the battle of Curalaba (1598) which meant for the Spaniards the loss of both the main gold districts and the largest indigenous labour sources. Compared to the 16th and 18th centuries, Chilean mining activity in the 17th century was very limited. Pedro de Valdivia sought originally to conquer all of southern South America to

6750-506: The peoples of the Central Andes. Through their contact with Incan invaders Mapuches would have for the first time met people with state-level organization . Their contact with the Inca is thought to have given them a collective awareness to distinguishing between them and the invaders and uniting them into loose geopolitical units despite their lack of state organization. Mapuche territory had an effective system of roads before

6840-534: The physical sciences is carried out. The complex also houses Instituto Balseiro , a higher education institution of the Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , with a small and carefully selected number of students. The institute confers degrees in Physics and Nuclear, Mechanical and Telecommunications Engineering, as well as Masters and Doctorate degrees in Physics and Engineering. The city also hosts INVAP ,

6930-531: The poor battle terrain, and frequent conspiracies. The inhabitants of Santiago in the mid-16th century were notoriously poorly dressed as result of a lack of armour and food supplies, with some Spanish even resorting to dress with hides from dogs, cats, sea lions , and foxes . The second founding of La Serena in 1549 (initially founded in 1544 but destroyed by natives) was followed by the founding of numerous new cities in southern Chile halting only after Valdivia's death in 1553. The Spanish colonization of

7020-637: The ski season. The city is linked by train with the city of Viedma through the Tren Patagonico that crosses Argentina from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean. Bariloche can also be reached by buses and private cars. The main land routes from North are RN 40 , coming from Villa La Angostura , San Martín de los Andes and Mendoza Province , and RN 237 that enters from Neuquén and connects through Argentine's route system with Buenos Aires and Eastern/Central Argentina. Other options are, from

7110-534: The south of the neighboring country were gradually arriving to settle in surroundings of the lake. Small farmers were most of them from the island of Chiloe, but German immigrants living in Chile also arrived. Nahuel Huapi lake was known to Spaniards since the times of the Conquest of Chile . Following the trails of the Mapuche people across the Andes, in the summer of 1552–1553, the Spanish Governor of

7200-428: The territories of today's Peru , Bolivia and Ecuador who also settled in Chile. Due to a matter of prestige, many yanakuna claimed to be from the former imperial capital of Cusco . Early Spaniards extracted gold from placer deposits using indigenous labour. This contributed to usher in the Arauco War as native Mapuches lacked a tradition of forced labour like the Andean mita and largely refused to serve

7290-661: The territory of what would become Chile were the members of the Magellan expedition that discovered the Straits of Magellan before completing the world's first circumnavigation . The first permanent Spanish settler in Chile was Gonzalo Calvo de Barrientos who had left Peru in disrepute after a quarrel with the Pizarro brothers . The Pizarro brothers had accused Calvo de Barrientos of theft and had him cropped as punishment. Antón Cerrada joined Calvo de Barrientos in his exile. Diego de Almagro ventured into present-day Bolivia and

7380-518: The time of the initial contact Mapuches called horses "hueque ingas" in reference to the hueque according to Valdivia's letter to the Emperor. In 1553, the Mapuches held a council at which they resolved to make war. They chose as their " toqui " (wartime chief) a strong man called Caupolicán and as his vice toqui Lautaro , because he had served as an auxiliary to the Spanish cavalry; he created

7470-409: The transition between a cool Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csb ) and an Oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb ), with marked alpine characteristics (low nighttime temperatures, wide temperature variations, high thermal amplitude). The combination of its altitude, latitude, and predominance of west-northwest winds cause the climate to be classified as a cool temperate climate with a dry season that presents

7560-416: The words of historian Jorge Muñoz Sougarett, Argentine authorities viewed these Chileans settlers as "illiterate nomads, vicious and unruly". In the 1930s, the centre of the city was redesigned to have the appearance of a traditional European central alpine town (it was called "Little Switzerland.") Many buildings were made of wood and stone. In 1909 there were 1,250 inhabitants; a telegraph, post office, and

7650-465: The world. This was indicated by a report that was carried out by the environmental organization International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), based in Austria . The request for the transfer of the Bariloche dump, located on National Route 40 (Argentina) south, was being surrounded by neighborhoods with a high population density, it is already historic. Added to the situation of environmental collapse

7740-674: Was either living "in Spain or Argentina." In his 2004 book Bariloche nazi-guía turística , Argentine author Abel Basti claims that Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun lived in the surroundings of Bariloche for many years after World War II. Basti said that the Argentine Nazis chose the estate of Inalco as Hitler's refuge. Grey Wolf: The Escape of Adolf Hitler , a 2011 book by British authors Simon Dunstan and Gerrard Williams, proposed that Hitler and Eva Braun escaped from Berlin in 1945 and flew to Denmark, then on to Spain and from there to

7830-463: Was massacred by the Mapuches in the Battle of Tucapel . Most conquistadores were Spanish men. A few where from elsewhere, like Juan Valiente who was a black-skinned African. Juan de Bohon (Johann von Bohon), the founder of La Serena and Barlolomeo Flores (Barotholomeus Blumental) are said to have been Germans. Navigator Juan Bautista Pastene was of Genoese origin. Inés Suárez stands out as

7920-502: Was never finished, due to the lack of the highly advanced technology that was needed. The Austrian Ronald Richter was in charge of the project. The facilities can still be visited, and are visible from certain locations on the coast. In 1995, Bariloche made headlines in the international press when it became known as a place for Nazi war criminals, such as the former SS Hauptsturmführer Erich Priebke and SS officer Reinhard Kopps , known in Argentina as Juan Maler. Priebke had been

8010-538: Was preoccupied about other Spanish conquistadors disputing him what he saw as his domains. As long as he did not have a royal assignment this could very much happen. The Strait of Magellan was important in Valdivia's design for the Conquest of Chile, as perceived it was part of his Chilean albeit he never reached so far south. Valdivia organized the first distribution of encomiendas and of indigenous peoples among

8100-487: Was the main settlement inside the park). In contrast to subtropical Iguazú National Park , planners and developers thought that Nahuel Huapi National Park, because of its temperate climate, could compete with the tourism of Europe. Together with Bariloche, it was established for priority projects by national tourism development planners. Alejandro Bustillo designed the Edificio Movilidad, Plaza Perito Moreno,

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