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75-523: The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin , and its territory is made of four historical lands: the western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland , the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities / Red Ruthenia , and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie . Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to

150-535: A heart attack at age 50 at his home in New York City, at 258 Riverside Drive , on February 10, 1944. In the introduction to A Treasury of Yiddish Stories , Irving Howe and Eliezer Greenberg stated that Singer's books are organized "in a way that satisfies the usual Western expectations as to literary structure. His novels resemble the kind of family chronicle popular in Europe several decades ago [that is,

225-475: A more varied relief with loess gorges, and eastern, which is flat. In the southern part of the city there is an artificial Zemborzyce Lake created by damming Bystrzyca. The area of the city is 147 km2. The highest point lies at a height of 235.0 m (771.0 ft) and the lowest point at a height of 163.6 m (537 ft). Lublin has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) with cold, damp winters and warm summers. The population of Lublin in 2021

300-488: A new underground gallery ("Alchemy") between and beneath Świętoduska and Lubartowska Streets. The local TVP station, TVP3 Lublin , broadcasts from a 104 m (341 ft)-tall concrete television tower. The station put its first program on the air in 1985. In recent years it contributed programming to TVP3 channel and later TVP Info . The radio stations airing from Lublin include Radio 'eR – 87.9 FM', Radio 'Eska Lublin' – 103.6 FM, Radio Lublin (regional station of

375-490: A newspaper, The New Times , and was considered one of the "Kiev Writers". Then they moved to Moscow, where he published articles and stories. After two hard years, in 1921, they returned to Warsaw. In 1921, after Abraham Cahan noticed his story Pearls , Singer became a correspondent for the American Yiddish newspaper The Forward . His short story Liuk appeared in 1924, illuminating the ideological confusion of

450-585: A railway connection to Warsaw and Kovel and Lublin Station were constructed, spurring industrial development. Lublin's population grew from 28,900 in 1873 to 50,150 in 1897 (including 24,000 Jews). Russian rule ended in 1915, when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the defeat of the Central Powers in 1918, Provisional People's Government of the Republic of Poland -

525-616: A smaller one in Opole Lubelskie . Lublin and Zamość also hosted Armenian minorities. The industry of the region was greatly expanded as part of the Central Industrial Region of Poland. The region was, before World War II, one of the world's leading centres of Judaism . Before the middle of the 16th century, there were few Jews in the area, concentrated in Lublin , Kazimierz Dolny , and perhaps Chełm ; but

600-878: A surge of tourism by Jews seeking to view their families' historical roots. Polish people were also victims of German persecution and crimes , including the AB-Aktion , Aktion T4 and Operation Zamość with deportations to Nazi concentration camps , forced labour, kidnapping of children and massacres in the region. It witnessed the Polish Zamość uprising against German occupation. There were also German prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, French , Italian, Dutch, Belgian, Senegalese and Soviet prisoners of war in Chełm , Dęblin , Biała Podlaska , Zamość , Kaliłów with several forced labour subcamps, where many died from starvation, epidemics or were massacred. Lublin Voivodeship

675-537: Is a regional centre of IT companies. Asseco Business Solutions S.A., eLeader Sp z o.o., CompuGroup Medical Polska Sp. z o.o., Abak-Soft Sp. z o.o. and others have their headquarters here. Other companies (for example Comarch S.A. , Britenet Sp. z o.o., Simple S.A., Asseco Poland S.A. ) outsourced to Lublin, to take advantage of the educated specialists. There is a visible growth in professionals eager to work in Lublin, due to reasons like quality of life, culture management,

750-664: Is located about 10 km (6.2 miles) SE of Lublin. With approximately 8 destinations and over 450 000 passengers served in 2018, it is the biggest airport in Eastern Poland. There is a direct train and bus link from the airport to downtown. From Lublin Główny railway station , ten trains depart each day to Warsaw , and three to Kraków , as in other major cities in Poland. Lublin has also direct train connections with Rzeszów , Szczecin , Gdynia , and other Polish cities and towns in

825-619: Is one of Poland's national monuments ( Pomnik historii ) tracked by the National Heritage Board of Poland . Archaeological finds indicate a long presence of cultures in the area. A complex of settlements started to develop on the future site of Lublin and in its environs in the sixth to seventh centuries. Remains of settlements dating back to the sixth century were discovered in the centre of today's Lublin on Czwartek ("Thursday") Hill. The early Middle Ages were marked by an intensified settlement of people, particularly in

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900-508: Is one of only four towns in Poland to have trolleybuses (the others are Gdynia, Sopot, and Tychy). Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and serves as an important regional cultural capital. Since then, many important international events have taken place here, involving international artists, researchers and politicians. Israel Joshua Singer Israel Joshua Singer ( Yiddish : ישראל יהושע זינגער ; November 30, 1893, Biłgoraj , Congress Poland — February 10, 1944 New York)

975-546: Is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River, located 153 km (95 mi) southeast of Warsaw . One of the events that greatly contributed to the city's development was the Polish-Lithuanian Union of Krewo in 1385. Lublin thrived as a centre of trade and commerce due to its strategic location on the route between Vilnius and Kraków ; the inhabitants had the privilege of free trade in

1050-575: The AB-Aktion . On 24 June 1940, the Germans carried out mass arrests of over 800 Poles in Lublin, who were then imprisoned in the castle, along with dozens of Poles who were arrested at the same time in other towns in the region, including Biała Podlaska , Chełm , Puławy . Many of the prisoners were then deported to the Sachsenhausen and Auschwitz concentration camps, while around 500 Poles were murdered in five large massacres carried out in

1125-646: The Intelligenzaktion , the Germans carried out mass arrests of hundreds of Poles, including teachers, judges, lawyers, engineers, priests, lecturers of the local theological seminary, and lecturers and students of the Catholic University of Lublin , which the occupiers closed down. Arrested Poles were held in a prison established in the Lublin Castle, and many were afterwards deported to concentration camps . On 23–25 December 1939,

1200-883: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania . The Lublin Parliament session of 1569 led to the creation of a real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, thus creating the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Lublin witnessed the early stages of the Reformation in the 16th century. A Calvinist congregation was founded and groups of radical Arians appeared in the city, making it an important global centre of Arianism . Until

1275-724: The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland . There are local types of pierogi , cakes , pastries (incl. pączki and poppy seed rolls ) and racuchy . Local specialities include the meringue of Ostrów Lubelski , cake puffs of Lublin, and chocolate pralines of Lublin. Traditional beverages include nalewki from Janów Lubelski , Kraśnik , Opole Lubelskie and Gmina Końskowola , mead , raspberry vodka from Kraśnik and cider from Mikołajówka . Traditional non-alcoholic drinks include various types of juices, tea, syrups , and hot chocolate from Lublin. Football , motorcycle speedway , basketball and handball are

1350-795: The Polish Radio ) – 102.2 FM, [ Radio Centrum (university radio station)] – 98.2 FM, Radio 'Free' (city station of the Polish Radio) – 89,9 FM, and Radio 'Złote Przeboje' (Golden Hits) Lublin – 95.6 FM. Local newspapers include Kurier Lubelski daily, regional partner of the national newspaper Dziennik Wschodni daily, Gazeta Wyborcza [ Lublin Edition] daily (regional supplement to the national newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza ), [ Metro] (daily, free), and Nasze Miasto Lublin weekly (free). The Lublin Airport (Port Lotniczy Lublin) (IATA: LUZ)

1425-782: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (see Union of Lublin ), and was the seat of the Crown Tribunal for the Lesser Poland Province , the highest appeal court in the Kingdom of Poland, and Parczew also hosted one session of the Polish Parliament. Horodło was the place of signing of the Polish–Lithuanian Union of Horodło , predating the Union of Lublin. In the 17th century, there were sizeable Scottish communities in Lublin and Zamość, and also

1500-461: The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments ( Sejm ) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. On 26 June 1569, one of the most important proclaimed the Union of Lublin , which united Poland and Lithuania . Lublin as one of the most influential cities of the state enjoyed voting rights during the royal elections in Poland . Some of

1575-553: The partitions at the end of the 18th century , Lublin was a royal city of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland. Its delegates and nobles had the right to participate in the royal election . In 1578, Lublin was chosen as the seat of the Crown Tribunal , the highest appeal court in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and for centuries, the city has been flourishing as a centre of culture and higher learning. In 2011,

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1650-623: The Bolshevik Revolution. He wrote his first novel, Steel and Iron , in 1927. In 1934 he emigrated to the United States to write for The Forward . Eventually, Israel Joshua invited his younger brother, the future Nobel prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer, to the United States and engineered for him a job with The Forward . "Had it not been for Joshua, Abraham Cahan would have fired him", I. J. Singer's wife Genia later told I. B. Singer's son Israel Zamir . I. J. Singer died of

1725-729: The EU — every fifth Euro will be spent in Poland. In total, we will have at our disposal 120 billion EUR, assigned exclusively for post-development activities. This sum will be an enormous boost for our country. In September 2007, the prime minister signed a bill creating a special economic investment zone in Lublin that offers tax incentives. It is part of "Park Mielec" — the European Economic Development area. At least 13 large companies had declared their wish to invest here, e.g., Carrefour, Comarch, Safo, Asseco, Aliplast, Herbapol, Modern-Expo , and Perła Browary Lubelskie. At

1800-772: The EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 54% of the EU average. Lublin Voivodship is the province with the lowest GDP per capita in Poland. The Lublin Coal Basin is located in the voivodeship, centered at the Bogdanka Coal Mine in Bogdanka near Łęczna . The Lublin Airport is the region's sole airport. The S12 , S17 and S19 highways pass through the voivodeship. There are seven Historic Monuments of Poland and one World Heritage Site in

1875-403: The Germans carried out massacres of 31 Poles in several locations in Lublin. Among the victims were lawyers, professors, school principals, starosts of Lublin and Lubartów counties and other well-known and respected citizens of the region. In January and February 1940, the occupiers arrested 23 Capuchin friars and 43 Jesuit friars. Persecution of Polish intelligentsia was continued with

1950-592: The Lublin area has to be one of the main beneficiaries of the EU development funds. Jerzy Kwiecinski, the deputy secretary of state in the Ministry for Regional Development at the Conference of the Ministry for Regional Development (Poland in the European Union — new possibilities for foreign investors) said: In the immediate financial outlook, between 2007 and 2013, we will be the largest beneficiaries of

2025-534: The Lublin work camps Lipowa 7 camp , Flugplatz , and Sportplatz ) which produced military supplies for the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe . This was once one of the biggest forced labour centres in German-occupied Europe , with approximately 45,000 Jewish prisoners. After the war, the few surviving Jews largely left the area; today there is some restoration of areas of Jewish historical interest, and

2100-865: The Nobel prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer , was not born in Biłgoraj but lived part of his life in the city. The "Old Town" of the city of Lublin contained a famous yeshiva , Jewish hospital, synagogue, cemetery, and kahal, as well as the Grodzka Gate (known as the Jewish Gate). Before the war, there were 300,000 Jews living in the region, which became the site of the Majdanek concentration camp , Bełżec extermination camp and Sobibór extermination camp as well as several labour camps ( Trawniki , Poniatowa , Budzyn , Puławy , Zamość , Biała Podlaska , and

2175-922: The Old Town Market Square. There are several museums, including the National Museum in Lublin, the Polish Air Force Museum in Dęblin , and museums dedicated to popular Polish writers in the towns of their birth or their former homes, i.e. to Józef Ignacy Kraszewski in Romanów , to Henryk Sienkiewicz in Wola Okrzejska , to Bolesław Prus and Stefan Żeromski in Nałęczów and to Wincenty Pol in Lublin. The Majdanek State Museum and Sobibór Museum are museums located at

2250-491: The Polish Rada Główna Opiekuńcza charity organisation, around 2,200 people were released from those two camps. Many of the released people, including hundreds of kidnapped Polish children , were extremely exhausted or sick, and were taken to local hospitals, which quickly became overcrowded. Many exhausted children died soon. Lublin pharmacists and residents organized help for the children, and after leaving

2325-463: The Soviet westward offensive. In the postwar years, Lublin continued to grow, tripling its population and greatly expanding its area. A considerable scientific and research base was established around the newly founded Maria Curie-Skłodowska University . A large automotive factory, Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych (FSO), was built in the city. In 2023, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine ,

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2400-433: The analytical Financial Times Group found Lublin to be one of the best cities for business in Poland. The Foreign Direct Investment ranking placed Lublin second among larger Polish cities in the cost-effectiveness category. Lublin is noted for its green spaces and a high standard of living ; the city has been selected as the 2023 European Youth Capital and 2029 European Capital of Culture . Its historical Old Town

2475-494: The areas along river valleys. The settlements were centred around the stronghold on Old Town Hill, which was likely one of the main centres of the Lendians , a Lechitic tribe. When the tribal stronghold was destroyed in the 10th century, the centre shifted to the northeast, to a new stronghold above Czechówka valley and, after the mid-12th century, to Castle Hill. At least two churches are presumed to have existed in Lublin in

2550-431: The artists and writers of the 16th century Polish renaissance lived and worked in Lublin, including Sebastian Klonowic and Jan Kochanowski , who died in the city in 1584. In 1578, the Crown Tribunal , the highest court of the Lesser Poland Province , was established in Lublin. Since the second half of the 16th century, Protestant Reformation movements devolved in Lublin, and a large congregation of Polish Brethren

2625-618: The basis for a puppet government. The Soviets carried out arrests of Polish resistance members, including the regional delegate of the Polish government-in-exile , Władysław Cholewa, and the commander of the regional branch of the Home Army , Colonel Kazimierz Tumidajski, who was eventually killed in Russian captivity in 1947. The capital of new Poland was moved to Warsaw in January 1945 after

2700-454: The best preserved historic synagogues in Poland, and one of the few not destroyed by Nazi Germany, houses a museum. In addition to traditional nationwide Polish cuisine , Lublin Voivodeship is known for its variety of regional and local traditional foods and drinks, which include especially various honeys , meat products (incl. various types of kiełbasa , bacon and kaszanka ), beverages and various dishes and meals, officially protected by

2775-547: The city of Lublin was honoured by President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky who granted it the title of "City-Rescuer" in recognition of its humanitarian and financial assistance to Ukraine and the country's war refugees . Lublin lies in eastern Poland on the Lublin Upland . The Bystrzyca  [ pl ] river, a tributary of the Wieprz river, passes through the city and divides it into two parts: western, with

2850-643: The city's population, Jews - 39.5%. In 1931, 63.7% of the inhabitants were Roman Catholic and 34.7% Jewish. On July 20, 1931, a violent tornado  [ simple ] carved a path of destruction through the city, destroying dozens of structures in downtown and killing six people. This tornado is officially rated F4 on the Fujita scale ; however, the Polish Weather Service estimated winds at 246 to 324 mph (396 to 521 km/h), potentially ranking it as an F5. In early September 1939, during

2925-533: The early medieval period. One of them was most probably erected on Czwartek Hill during the rule of Casimir the Restorer in the 11th century. The castle became the seat of a castellan , first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but was quite possibly present from the start of the 12th or even 10th century. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier. The location of Lublin at

3000-517: The eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it military significance. During the first half of the 13th century, Lublin was a target of attacks by Mongols , Tatars , Ruthenians , and Lithuanians , which resulted in its destruction. It was also ruled by Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia between 1289 and 1302. Lublin was founded as a town by Władysław I the Elbow-high or between 1258 and 1279 during

3075-564: The environment, improving connection to Warsaw, levels of education, or financial, because of usually higher operating margins of global organisations present in the area. The large car factory Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych (FSC) was acquired by the South Korean Daewoo conglomerate in the early 1990s. With Daewoo's financial troubles in 1998 related to the Asian financial crisis , the production at FSC practically collapsed and

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3150-525: The factory entered bankruptcy. Efforts to restart its van production succeeded when the engine supplier bought the company to keep its prime market. With the decline of Lublin as a regional industrial centre, the city's economy has been reoriented toward service industries. Currently, the largest employer is the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University . The price of land and investment costs are lower than in western Poland. However,

3225-535: The first government of independent Poland operated in Lublin for a short time. In the interwar years, the city continued to modernise and its population grew; important industrial enterprises were established, including the first aviation factory in Poland, the Plage i Laśkiewicz works, later nationalised as the LWS factory. The Catholic University of Lublin was founded in 1918. In 1921, Roman Catholics constituted 58.9% of

3300-540: The first years of the occupation, many expelled Poles from Gdańsk and German-annexed Pomerania were deported to Lublin, and later on, in 1943, around 9,000 expelled Poles from the nearby Zamojszczyzna region were brought to Lublin and imprisoned in the Majdanek concentration camp and in a transit camp at Krochmalna Street; many were afterwards deported to forced labour in Germany. In August 1943, thanks to efforts of

3375-471: The following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population). Protected areas in Lublin Voivodeship include two National Parks and 17 Landscape Parks . These are listed below. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 18.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 3.7% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 14,400 euros or 48% of

3450-469: The founding of new private towns led to a large movement of Jews into the region to develop trade and services. Since these new towns competed with the existing towns for business, there followed a low-intensity, long-lasting feeling of resentment, with failed attempts to limit the Jewish immigration. The Jews tended to settle mostly in the cities and towns, with only individual families setting up businesses in

3525-537: The hospital, the people were taken in by the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, which resulted in an epidemic typhus outbreak, which caused many deaths among the population. On 24 July 1944, the city was taken by the Soviet Army and became the temporary headquarters of the Soviet-controlled communist Polish Committee of National Liberation established by Joseph Stalin, which was to serve as

3600-525: The infamous Lublin Ghetto and ultimately murdered. The yeshiva became a centre of learning of Talmud and Kabbalah , leading the city to be called "the Jewish Oxford ". In 1567, the rosh yeshiva (headmaster) received the title of rector from the king along with rights and privileges equal to those of the heads of Polish universities. The city declined due to the disastrous Deluge , when it

3675-452: The joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II , the Polish government evacuated a portion of the Polish gold reserve from Warsaw to Lublin, and then further east to Łuck , before the city was occupied by Germany , and found itself in the newly formed General Government territory. The Polish population became a target of severe Nazi persecutions focusing on intelligentsia and Polish Jews. In November 1939, during

3750-500: The king Władysław II Jagiełło . With the coming of peace between Poland and Lithuania, it developed into a trade centre, handling a large portion of commerce between the countries. In 1474, the area around Lublin was carved out of Sandomierz Voivodeship and combined to form the Lublin Voivodeship , the third voivodeship of Lesser Poland. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of

3825-432: The most popular sports in the province. Additionally, AZS UMCS Lublin is one of the top athletics clubs in the country. Population according to 2002 census: Lublin Voivodeship ( Latin : Palatinatus Lublinensis ; Polish : Województwo Lubelskie ) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland created in 1474 out of parts of Sandomierz Voivodeship and lasting until the Partitions of Poland in 1795. It

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3900-445: The outskirts of the city. Almost all of Lublin's Jews were murdered during the Holocaust in Poland . The secret Polish Council to Aid Jews "Żegota" , established by the Polish resistance movement operated in the city. There are also known cases of local Polish men and women, who were captured and sent to either forced labour or concentration camps by the Germans for sheltering and aiding Jews . Poles who saved Jews in other places in

3975-426: The planned expressway network around the city, that will be built in the coming years, consists of S12 to the east in the direction Chełm , S19 north towards Białystok , and S17 southeast towards Zamość . The expressway bypass of Lublin allows transit traffic to avoid the city centre. Long-distance buses depart from near the Castle in the Old Town and serve most of the same destinations as the rail network. Lublin

4050-466: The present-day district of Rury in 1940. Among the victims of the massacres were both men and women: doctors, engineers, local officials, lawyers, judges, activists, military officers, parliamentarians, Polish resistance members, policemen, teachers and school and university students. An attempt to " Germanise " the city led to an influx of the ethnic Volksdeutsche , increasing the number of German minority from 10–15% in 1939 to 20–25%. Near Lublin,

4125-473: The region as Nałęczów , Chełm or Zamość . The express train to Warsaw takes about two hours. There are other smaller stations in Lublin for local trains: Lublin is located at the intersection of expressways S12 , S17 , and S19. Expressway S17 between Lublin and Warsaw is currently finishing construction and should be ready by the second half of 2020. S19 between Lublin and Rzeszów is currently under construction and should be finished by 2023. The rest of

4200-416: The region were also temporarily imprisoned in the local castle, before being sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp. After the war, some survivors emerged from hiding with the Christian rescuers or returned from the Soviet Union, and re-established a small Jewish community in the city, but their numbers were insignificant. Most survivors left Poland for Israel, the United States and other countries. In

4275-411: The regional Lublin Renaissance style, and there is a dedicated Lublin Renaissance Trail. Nałęczów and Krasnobród are spa towns . Krasnystaw is famous for its annual Chmielaki beer festival. Chełm contains the Chełm Chalk Tunnels , a system of tunnels dug into the chalk under the city, a unique structure in Europe, whereas Lublin offers an underground tourist route in historic cellars under

4350-420: The rule of the prince Bolesław V the Chaste . Casimir III the Great , appreciating the site's strategic importance, built a masonry castle in 1341 and encircled the city with defensive walls. From 1326, if not earlier, the stronghold on Castle Hill included a chapel in honor of the Holy Trinity. A stone church dating to 1335–1370 exists to this day. In 1392, the city received an important trade privilege from

4425-644: The rural regions; this urban/rural division became another factor feeding resentment of the newly arrived economic competitors. By the middle of the 18th century, Jews were a significant part of the population in Kraśnik , Lubartów and Łęczna . By the 20th century, Jews represented greater than 70% of the population in eleven towns and close to 100% of the population of Łaszczów and Izbica . From this region came both religious figures such as Mordechai Josef Leiner of Izbica, Chaim Israel Morgenstern of Puławy , and Motele Rokeach of Biłgoraj , as well as famous secular author Israel Joshua Singer . Israel's brother,

4500-448: The same time, the energy conglomerate, Polska Grupa Energetyczna, which will build Poland's first nuclear power station, is to have its main offices in Lublin. Modern shopping centers built in Lublin like Tarasy Zamkowe (Castle Terraces), Lublin Plaza, Galeria Olimp, Galeria Gala, the largest shopping mall in the city, covering 33,500 square meters of area. Similar investments are planned for the near future such as Park Felin (Felicity) and

4575-433: The sites of the former Nazi German concentration camps at Majdanek and Sobibór . There are also numerous World War II memorials scattered across the voivodeship, including Holocaust memorials and memorials at the sites of German massacres of Poles, including the largest massacres in Rury , Lublin , Borów , Aleksandrów , Sochy , Smoligów , Jamy , Kumowa Dolina and Olszanka . The Great Synagogue of Włodawa , one of

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4650-455: The so-called "reservation" for the Jews was built based on the idea of racial segregation known as the " Nisko or Lublin Plan ". The Germans established and operated a Baudienst forced labour camp for Poles in Lublin. Many Poles from or associated with Lublin, including 94 lecturers, alumni and students of the Catholic University of Lublin were murdered by the Soviets in the large Katyn massacre in April–May 1940. The Jewish population

4725-471: The south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along a short boundary to the north, Belarus ( Brest Region ) and Ukraine ( Lviv and Volyn Regions ) to the east. The region's population as of 2019 was 2,112,216. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi). The Polish historical region that encompasses Lublin , and approximates Lublin Voivodeship as it

4800-406: The voivodeship: There are also many more castles and palaces in the region, including in Adampol , Biała Podlaska , Janowiec , Kock , Lubartów , Łabunie , Łabuńki Pierwsze , Radzyń Podlaski . The Chapel of the Holy Trinity at the Lublin Royal Castle contains some of the oldest and best preserved medieval frescoes in Poland. The region is rich in architecture, especially churches, built in

4875-484: Was 2,116,200. According to the 1931 census, 85.1% of its population was Polish, 10.5% Jewish, and 3% Ukrainian. Lublin Voivodeship ( województwo lubelskie ) was an administrative region of Poland between 1945 and 1975. In 1975 it was transformed into Chełm , Zamość , Biała Podlaska , Tarnobrzeg and Siedlce Voivodeships and a smaller Lublin Voivodeship. Lublin Voivodeship ( województwo lubelskie ) existed as one of Poland's 49 voivodeships from 1975 until 1998, when it

4950-532: Was 334,681. The Lublin region is a part of eastern Poland, which has benefited less from the economic transformation after 1989 than regions of Poland located closer to Western Europe . Despite the fact that Lublin is one of the closest neighbour cities for Warsaw, the investment inflow in services from the Polish capital has secured a steady growth due to relatively fast connection, while external investments are progressing, enabling nearby satellite municipality Świdnik for large-scale industrial investments. Lublin

5025-431: Was a Polish-Jewish novelist who wrote in Yiddish. He was born Yisruel Yehoyshye Zinger, the son of Pinchas Mendl Zynger, a rabbi and author of rabbinic commentaries, and Szewa Zylberman. He was the brother of the author Isaac Bashevis Singer and novelist Esther Kreitman . He married Genia Kupferstok. His eldest son, Yasha, died at 14 of pneumonia before the family's emigration to America. His younger son, Joseph Singer,

5100-413: Was before the Partitions of Poland , is known as Lubelszczyzna . Provinces centred on Lublin have existed throughout much of Poland's history; for details see the section below on Previous Lublin Voivodeships . Cities and towns of greatest historic importance are Lublin, Chełm , Kazimierz Dolny and Zamość . Lublin hosted several sessions of the Polish Parliament, including the session which established

5175-548: Was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Lublin , Chełm , Zamość , Biała Podlaska and (partially) Tarnobrzeg and Siedlce Voivodeships, pursuant to Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. The voivodeship contains 5 cities and 43 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019: Towns: Lublin Voivodeship is divided into 24 counties ( powiats ): 4 city counties and 20 land counties. These are further divided into 213 gminas . The counties are listed in

5250-434: Was forced into the newly established Lublin Ghetto near Podzamcze . The city served as headquarters for Operation Reinhardt , the main German effort to exterminate all Jews in occupied Poland. The majority of the ghetto inmates, about 26,000 people, were deported to the Bełżec extermination camp between 17 March and 11 April 1942. The remainder were moved to facilities around the Majdanek concentration camp established at

5325-416: Was incorporated into the current (larger) Lublin Voivodeship. 51°13′22″N 22°54′10″E  /  51.22278°N 22.90278°E  / 51.22278; 22.90278 Lublin Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland . It is the capital and the centre of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021). Lublin

5400-784: Was invaded by Russo - Cossack forces in 1655, and Sweden in 1656. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was located in the Austrian empire , then following the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw , and then in 1815 it became part of the Congress Poland in the Russian Partition of Poland. At the beginning of the 19th century, new squares, streets, and public buildings were built. In 1877,

5475-565: Was part of the prowincja of Lesser Poland . Lublin Voivodeship was one of the voivodeships of Congress Poland . It was formed in 1816 from Lublin Department , and in 1837 was transformed into Lublin Governorate . Lublin Voivodeship ( Województwo Lubelskie ) was one of the administrative regions of the interwar Second Polish Republic . In early 1939 its area was 26,555 square kilometres (10,253 sq mi) and its population

5550-553: Was present in the city. One of Poland's most important Jewish communities was established in Lublin around this time. Jews established a widely respected yeshiva , Jewish hospital, synagogue, cemetery , and education centre ( kahal ) and built the Grodzka Gate (known as the Jewish Gate) in the historic district. Jews were a vital part of the city's life until the Holocaust , during which they were relocated by Nazi Germany to

5625-576: Was the translator for both his father's works and his uncle's, Isaac Bashevis Singer. Joseph, a painter and writer like his father, married June Flaum Singer, who went on to become a writer. They had four children: Sharon Salinger, Brett Singer, I.J. Singer and Valerie Singer. The three daughters followed in the family business and are also published poets and novelists. Singer contributed to the European Yiddish press from 1916. In 1919, he and his wife Genia went to Ukraine , where he found work on

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