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52-673: Luga may refer to: Mateo Noriel Luga , Ibanag revolutionary Luga, Germany , a place in Saxony , Germany Luga, Russia , several inhabited localities in Russia Luga Bay , a bay in the Gulf of Finland, Russia Luga (river) , a river in Novgorod and Leningrad Oblasts, Russia Luga language, alternative name of the Lungga language ,

104-488: A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in the Solomon Islands 21919 Luga , a main-belt asteroid Luga (crater) , a crater on Mars See also [ edit ] Luzhsky (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Luga . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

156-626: A few men, including General Rafael Crame . His activities as a peace officer took him as far as Samar and Leyte , in pursuit of a bandit group known as the Pulahanes. He was tasked to make Cebu clean and bandit-free. By 1908, Luga had risen to the rank of captain in the constabulary. In 1914, Luga disapproved of the widely anticipated battle for power in South East Asia between the United States and Japan. He had been critical of

208-722: A leadership role in combat situations. Between the summer of 1898 and mid-1899, the province of Cebu witnessed a so-called "war within a war", during the peak of the armed insurrection against Spain. In December 1898, the Spanish Governor Adolfo Montero abandoned the province of Cebu and sought refuge in Zamboanga . As a consequence, Juan Faller Climaco and Arcadio Maxilom established a revolutionary government in Cebu, and were appointed chief of staff and councilor of peace and internal order, respectively. With

260-460: A man to remember as long as you live." Zamboanga Peninsula Zamboanga Peninsula ( Cebuano : Lawis sa Zamboanga. ; Chavacano : Peninsula de Zamboanga ; Filipino : Tangway ng Zamboanga ) is an administrative region in Mindanao , Philippines , designated as Region IX . It consists of the provinces of Zamboanga del Norte , Zamboanga Sibugay and Zamboanga del Sur , and

312-405: A plebiscite. However, the citizens of the capital, Isabela , did not want to join so the city remained a part of this region as a result of Executive Order No. 36 last until 2014 only. In 1978, Presidential Decree No. 1555 transferred Region IX's regional center from Jolo, Sulu to Zamboanga City . Executive Order (EO) No. 429 was issued in 1990 by President Corazon Aquino which provided for

364-509: A sailor on board the cargo ship Butuan. On the way to Cebu, the group passed through Iloilo , where Mateo Luga met his future wife, Ruperta Valdez, an Ilongga woman of Spanish descent. On arrival in Cebu he was arrested by the local revolutionaries on suspicion of being a Spanish spy. He was brought before General Climaco, who freed him based on a letter from General Aguinaldo confirming his allegiance to Aguinaldo and Luna. The Cebu revolutionary government divided Cebu into three operational sectors:

416-554: A simple country life with his wife, Ruperta, and their children, Maria, Jose, Pilar and twins Emilio and Antonio, who were named after Aguinaldo and Luna. On his way back home to Negros from a visit to his hometown in Isabela, Luga was found to be stricken with cancer. He died in Manila in 1935. Many of his comrades-in-arms attended his funeral, including General Aguinaldo and the remaining Katipuneros. According to Victor Hurley, Luga

468-459: Is home to several tourist spots, such as Dakak Park and Beach Resort, Rizal Shrine, and Glorious Fantasyland, one of the very few amusement parks located in Mindanao. While Pagadian is the region's new regional center, Zamboanga City ’s economy remains to be the most robust and fastest growing in the region. Zamboanga City also retains the title of being the commercial and industrial center of

520-458: Is the regional government center while Zamboanga City is the commercial and industrial center of Region IX. On April 19, 2023, under MC No. 18, another moratorium was imposed on the transfer of regional offices to Pagadian pending further study of its implications. The regional offices that are already in Pagadian shall continue to operate thereat. The region is located on the western part of

572-790: The Moro Province , which consisted of the central and western parts of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago . The name and status of Moro Province were changed to the Department of Mindanao and Sulu on August 16, 1916, causing Zamboanga to become a separate province. In 1942, the Zamboanga Peninsula along with the rest of the Philippine Islands was occupied by the Empire of Japan at the beginning of

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624-722: The Philippine Constabulary in 1904 with the rank of Third Lieutenant until 1914 when he resigned from service with the rank of Captain. After his military service, he would work under the Philippine Refining Company and will later transfer to the Public Lands Commission. He passed away in 1935 due to cancer. Despite not having been a Cebuano , his exploits in the Philippine-American War in Cebu gained him

676-656: The Second World War . The Peninsula was liberated in 1945 by joint American and Philippine Commonwealth forces fighting against the Imperial Japanese Army . On June 6, 1952, the province was partitioned into Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur , while the chartered city of Zamboanga became part of Zamboanga del Sur. Together with the Sulu Archipelago , the provinces that formerly made up Zamboanga Province were re-organised into Region IX by order of Presidential Decree No. 1 as part of

728-625: The Sultanate of Maguindanao , which the entire island of Mindanao is named after. The sultanate also occupied the entire island except present-day Caraga region, stretching from the Zamboanga Peninsula to Davao Oriental, while the Sultanate of Sulu lost its territories in Zamboanga. Maguindanao's sultans provided Mindanao fierce armed resistance against the Spanish occupation, especially under

780-485: The 19th U.S. Infantry on the same day. Luga believed that the surrender was not the end of his fighting career. He accepted the commission to become an officer of the constabulary organized by the Americans to maintain peace and order in the region. Despite his mistrust of the Americans, he accepted the commission, hoping that he could help bring peace back to the countryside. He joined the constabulary force along with

832-525: The ARMM back in 1989. Dapitan is one of the two cities of Zamboanga del Norte . Known as the "Shrine City in the Philippines", this was where José Rizal , the national hero of the country, was exiled. It is also known for the old St. James Parish and the beach resort of Dakak. Dipolog , capital of Zamboanga del Norte , is known for their abundance of orchids, thus it is called "Orchid City of

884-460: The Americans. In the following months, the Katipuneros made forays into American territory. On one occasion, General Luga and his force almost captured General Henry W. Lawton at Pardo. The Americans were having a party when General Luga conducted a raid, which surprised the Americans. General Lawton escaped by running to the seashore, boarding a launch, and remaining on board while the raid

936-476: The Chinese Lunar New Year. Zamboanga City is the only highly urbanized city in the region. Geographically located at the southwestern tip of the peninsula, the city continues to be the economic and industrial center of the region, generating more than half of its economy. The city is the lone member of BIMP-EAGA in the Zamboanga Peninsula. It also has the largest airport and seaport and

988-494: The Integrated Reorganization Plan of President Ferdinand Marcos , that was signed on September 24, 1972. From 1975 to 1989, the old Region IX (Western Mindanao) was further divided into two sub-regions by Presidential Decree No. 8233 dated August 21, 1975. Sub-Region IX-A consisted of Basilan , Sulu and Tawi-Tawi with Jolo, Sulu , as the sub-regional center, while Sub-Region IX-B consisted of

1040-494: The Regional Development Councils. The Implementing Rules and Regulations of EO No. 325 provided that Zamboanga City is the regional center of Western Mindanao. In 2001, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed EO No. 36 which reorganized and renamed Western Mindanao to Zamboanga Peninsula. It was silent on the issue of regional government centers. In 2004, Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 75 directed

1092-553: The South" or "Orchid City". They have their nature spots and historical spots, such as Dipolog Cathedral , Dipolog Boulevard , Cogon Park, Japanese Park, Plaza Magsaysay, the Sungkilaw Falls, and the 3,003 steps to Linabo Peak. Isabela is a component city of the province of Basilan . Until 2017, it was the capital of the said province, since then, Basilan's government was moved to Lamitan . Isabela continues to be under

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1144-482: The Zamboanga Peninsula. In 1569 Zamboanga was chosen as the site of the Spanish settlement and garrison on La Caldera (now called Barrio Recodo). Zamboanga was one of the main strongholds in Mindanao, supporting colonizing efforts in the south of the island and making way for Christian settlements. It also served as a military outpost, protecting the island against foreign invaders and Moro pirates and their Chinese allies. The province, named and centered on Zamboanga City

1196-501: The boundary between the peninsula and mainland is artificially marked by the border between the provinces of Zamboanga del Sur and Lanao del Norte . The province of Misamis Occidental occupies the northeast corner of the geographic peninsula, but is part of the Northern Mindanao administrative region, which also includes Misamis Oriental on the Mindanao mainland, formerly both part of pre-1929 Misamis (province) along

1248-471: The cities of Isabela and Zamboanga City . The region was previously known as Western Mindanao . Pagadian serves as the regional center, while Zamboanga City is the commercial and industrial center. During the ancient era, the Zamboanga peninsula was a vast territory home to various ethnic groups – the largest of which was the Subanen people . Later on, the southern coastal areas of the region were under

1300-399: The cities of Zamboanga and Isabela. The PPA results showed that in 2022, the city of Zamboanga accounted for 32.6 percent of the region's total economy, followed by Zamboanga del Norte with a share of 26.8 percent, Zamboanga del Sur with 23.7 percent, and Zamboanga Sibugay with 14.1 percent. Meanwhile, the city of Isabela recorded a 2.7 percent share. In terms of growth rate, all economies in

1352-523: The city in the region with most investors. Poverty incidence of Zamboanga Peninsula Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) released the first ever report of the Provincial Product Accounts (PPA) of Zamboanga Peninsula covering the period 2018 to 2022. The release covers three provinces, namely, Zamboanga del Norte , Zamboanga del Sur , and Zamboanga Sibugay , as well as

1404-460: The constabulary. Upon his resignation in 1914, he was employed by the Philippine Refining Company, an American firm that was the predecessor of Unilever Philippines. After this, he worked for the Public Lands Commission, where he was assigned the task of giving away homesteads to deserving applicants. He was able to acquire 24 hectares for himself in Sagay , Negros Occidental where he retired into

1456-843: The distinction of being one of the 100 prominent natives of Cebu . Mateo Luga was born in Paoay , Ilocos Norte, but later migrated to Tumauini Isabela province. He responded to the call-to-arms against the Spanish towards the end of the 19th century. He left home in 1896, joined the Katipuneros in Bulacan , Manila , Laguna , and Cavite , and fought the Spanish forces in Balinta, Antipolo , Montalban , San Pedro de Makate , Palipanan, Monting Lupa , Kalo-okan , and other areas until early 1899. During this period, Mateo Luga increasingly took on

1508-431: The first export-processing zone in Mindanao. Farming and fishing are the main economic activities of the region. It also has rice and corn mills, oil processing, coffee berry processing and processing of latex from rubber. Its home industries include rattan and furniture craft, basket making, weaving and brass work. Dipolog is home to a number of Bottled Sardines Companies which are being exported abroad. Meanwhile, Dapitan

1560-429: The high economic and social costs that the employees were experiencing in maintaining two residences and in fully transferring to Pagadian. It further directed all regional offices that are already in Pagadian to continue their operations. On June 30, 2020, MC No. 78 was issued, repealing MC No. 11 and lifting the moratorium on the transfer of the remaining regional offices to Pagadian. The Circular affirmed that Pagadian

1612-483: The influence of the Javanese Majapahit Empire , although the empire never did conquer the area. In the 14th century, the Sultanate of Sulu ruled the southwestern sections of the peninsula. By the late 15th century and early 16th century, Malay missionaries further spread Islam in the southern Philippines. Sharif Kabungsuwan , a Johore-born missionary of Malay and Arab descent established

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1664-480: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luga&oldid=1042912748 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mateo Noriel Luga Following his revolutionary activities, Luga would join

1716-593: The island of Mindanao , that lies between the Moro Gulf (part of the Celebes Sea ) and the Sulu Sea . Along the shores of the peninsula are numerous bays and islands of varying sizes. The peninsula is connected to the rest of Mindanao through an isthmus situated between Panguil Bay and Pagadian Bay. The region consists of the three Zamboanga provinces and the highly urbanized independent city of Zamboanga, and

1768-584: The jurisdiction of Basilan for the administration of provincially devolved services and functions, but for regional and statistics purposes, the city is part of Zamboanga Peninsula, in contrast to the rest of Basilan which is under BARMM . Named after Queen Isabella II , Isabela was the southernmost outpost of the Spanish Empire in the Philippines until the fall of Jolo in 1878. It hosted a Spanish fort (later destroyed in World War II) since 1848, and

1820-567: The latter part of 1901. Luga's fiercest battle was at Sudlon , the Revolutionary redoubt of the Katipuneros. The confrontation lasted for nine days, until January 8, 1900. The Americans assaulted the Kota defenses of General Luga, before turning back, leaving their dead and wounded behind. Despite the superior armaments of the Americans, the Katipuneros' knowledge of the terrain, fighting acumen, and willingness to sacrifice gave them an edge over

1872-652: The lead of Muhammad Kudarat . They soon allied themselves with the Sulu sultanate. The Muslim natives of the region were collectively known as Moros by the Spanish, meaning "Moor", though the Iberian Moors and the Philippine Muslims had little cultural connection outside of following Islam . A large chunk of the Spanish–Moro conflict , the war between the Spanish and Mindanao's Muslim natives took place in

1924-463: The north under General Maxilom, the south under General Troadio Galicano , and the central zone under General Luga, the only non- Visayan in the Cebu revolutionary force, except Don Bonifacio Aranas from Camiguin . The first encounter between the forces of General Luga and the Americans was in Mahayahay . The two forces carried out raids, assaults, ambushes, and frontal confrontations from 1899 to

1976-575: The onerous provisions of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act , which provided for the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth , under which a ten-year transitional government supervised by the United States would be set up prior to independence, as well as the establishment of American military and naval bases in the Philippines. Luga called the act, "a castle coated with honey", adding that "Those naval and military reservations are

2028-480: The people's means of livelihood were demolished, and little distinction was made between combatants and the general population. Without the necessary support to continue hostilities, terms of peace were discussed with the Americans. One by one, the revolutionary leaders surrendered after General Maxilom laid down his arms on October 27, 1901. General Luga and his troops surrendered to Captain Frank McIntyre of

2080-565: The provinces of Zamboanga del Norte , Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga Sibugay , with the chartered city of Zamboanga City as the sub-regional centre. In 2001, Zamboanga Sibugay , was created from the province of Zamboanga del Sur with Ipil as the seat of government with the virtue of Republic Act No. 8973. In the same year, the residents of Basilan opted to join the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) in

2132-419: The region expanded in 2022, with Zamboanga Sibugay recording the fastest growth of 8.6 percent, followed by city of Zamboanga with a growth rate of 8.1 percent, both of which were higher than the region's economic growth of 7.5 percent. On the other hand, the city of Isabela, Zamboanga del Norte, and Zamboanga del Sur posted growth rates of 7.21 percent, 7.17 percent, and 6.5 percent, respectively. The region has

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2184-439: The region. The region has vast forest resources and previously used to export logs, lumber, veneer and plywood. Mineral deposits include gold, chromite, coal, iron, lead, and manganese. Among its non-metallic reserves are coal, silica, salt, marble, silica sand, and gravel. Its fishing grounds are devoted to commercial and municipal fishing. It has also aqua farms for brackish water and freshwater fishes. The economic fulcrum of

2236-654: The region. While the Spanish achieved a tactical victory by launching several attacks against the Sultanate of Sulu , constant fighting and attacks persisted, giving the Moros a psychological victory. After the United States annexed the Spanish East Indies in 1898, the peninsula hosted a briefly independent state called the Republic of Zamboanga . It was incorporated by the Insular Government into

2288-402: The reorganization of the administrative regions in Mindanao. It declared that Western Mindanao would comprise Zamboanga City, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental , Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Basilan, and the cities comprising those provinces. It also declared that Pagadian shall serve as the new regional center. In 1996, President Fidel Ramos issued EO No. 325 which reorganized

2340-501: The shores of Iligan Bay . Zamboanga Peninsula comprises 3 Provinces; 1 independent, chartered and highly urbanized city ; 3 component cities; 67 municipalities and 1,904 barangays . Sulu , which was excluded from the Bangsamoro region, has an unclear status. The Commission on Elections en banc however had the consensus that Sulu should revert back to the Zamboanga Peninsula, the region it belonged to prior its inclusion in

2392-550: The stumbling blocks to the granting of our freedom and in our policy on foreign relations. There is really nothing wrong with us if America will not go to war with other countries. But if she does, we will be the first ones to suffer for we will be made to pay dearly for the consequences." This statement would be proven later during the Second World War. Despite Luga's unblemished record of service, his views led him to be placed under surveillance. Eventually, he resigned from

2444-500: The transfer of regional offices from Zamboanga City to Pagadian citing EO No. 429 as its legal basis. However, it provided that the regional offices of the departments of Trade and Industry, Tourism, and Labor and Employment will remain in Zamboanga City, but shall establish a presence in Pagadian. On December 22, 2010, MC No. 11 was issued imposing a moratorium on the transfer of regional offices to Pagadian. The Circular cited

2496-645: The unexpected arrival of the American occupation forces in Cebu, armed hostilities broke out between the American occupying forces and the fledgling Cebuano revolutionary force in February 1899. In April 1899, General Emilio Aguinaldo and Minister of War General Antonio Luna appointed Mateo Luga as the Katipunan's personal adviser to the Cebu revolutionary government. With his two bodyguards, Manalo Luga and another Luga cousin, Mateo travelled to Cebu disguised as

2548-467: Was "a gallant insurgent leader before donning the red epaulets of the Constabulary", and "no member of the corps wore the uniform of the jungle police with greater distinction than this swart, fearless Filipino." It was said that Luga had gained the respect of the American army during the insurrection with his courage and honourable conduct. One American officer reportedly that, "In Mateo Luga, you saw

2600-517: Was in progress. Other bloody battles included those in San Nicolas, Bulusan, Guadalope, Mabolo, Talamban, and the city itself. General Luga was a wanted man, and his wife and children were imprisoned by the Americans to force him to surrender. Instead, Luga entered the city to stage a rescue of his family. On September 15, 1901, General Robert P. Hughes arrived in Cebu with 2,000 troops, and towns, villages, and crops were laid to waste. Homes and

2652-404: Was partly founded by Peruvian soldiers brought by Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera . The Zamboanga Peninsula played a central role in the Spanish–Moro conflict . It was the site of constant battling between Spanish soldiers and Moro pirate raids. While the Spanish successfully established churches in the region, they suffered heavily at the hands of Moro raiders, and had to repeatedly withdraw from

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2704-440: Was the primary naval base of the Spanish in Mindanao until 1899. The city serves as an entry point for trade and commerce of Basilan island. Pagadian is the capital of Zamboanga del Sur, as well as the region's administrative center. The city is known as the "Little Hong Kong of the South" because of its topographical feature that is reminiscent of Hong Kong . It also has an affluent Chinese community that officially celebrates

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