42-1271: Lunsford may refer to: People [ edit ] Thomas Lunsford (ca. 1611–1656), Royalist colonel in the English Civil War Bascom Lamar Lunsford (1882–1973), American lawyer, folklorist and musician Earl Lunsford (1933–2008), Canadian football player Andrea Lunsford , American writer and scholar Darrell Lunsford (1943–1991), murdered American police officer Bruce Lunsford (born 1947), American politician Mel Lunsford (born 1950), American football player Dale A. Lunsford , sixth president of LeTourneau University Bret Lunsford (born 1962), American musician Matt Lunsford (born 1976), American founder and co-owner of Polyvinyl Record Co. Trey Lunsford (born 1979), American baseball player Jennifer Lunsford (born 1982), American politician Stephen Lunsford (born 1989), American actor Homicides [ edit ] Murder of Jessica Lunsford Murder of Darrell Lunsford Places [ edit ] Lunsford, an area of Larkfield, Kent, England, also known as Lunsford Park [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
84-511: A dim light from the inner courtyard. The gallows were constructed outside a door in Newgate Street for public viewing. Dense crowds of thousands of spectators could pack the streets to see these events, and in 1807 dozens died at a public execution when part of the crowd of 40,000 spectators collapsed into a crowd crush . In November 1835 James Pratt and John Smith were the last two men to be executed for sodomy . Michael Barrett
126-460: A half century later, in 1431, city administrators met to discuss other potential areas of reform. Proposed regulations included separating freemen and freewomen into the north and south chambers, respectively, and keeping the rest of the prisoners in underground holding cells. Good prisoners who had not been accused of serious crimes would be allowed to use the chapel and recreation rooms at no additional fees. Meanwhile, debtors whose burden did not meet
168-464: A minimum threshold would not be required to wear shackles. Prison officials were barred from selling food, charcoal, and candles. The prison was supposed to have yearly inspections, but whether they actually occurred is unknown. Other reforms attempted to reduce the waiting time between jail deliveries to the Old Bailey , with the aim of reducing suffering, but these efforts had little effect. Over
210-642: A plot to capture the magazine at Kingston upon Thames . However, contemporary accounts contradict one another, leaving in doubt whether the plot was real or imagined. Regardless, Lunsford was released in June, and participated in several military engagements over the next few months. Captured at the Battle of Edgehill in October 1642, he was charged with treason and imprisoned in Warwick Castle , from which he
252-566: A price. These keepers in turn were permitted to exact payment directly from the inmates, making the position one of the most profitable in London. Inevitably, often the system offered incentives for the keepers to exhibit cruelty to the prisoners, charging them for everything from entering the gaol to having their chains both put on and taken off. They often began inflicting punishment on prisoners before their sentences even began. Guards, whose incomes partially depended on extorting their wards, charged
294-471: A prison cell used to house St. Oliver Plunkett in 1681 is on display at St Peter's Church in Drogheda , Ireland (which also displays his head). The phrase "[as] black as Newgate's knocker" is a Cockney reference to the door knocker on the front of the prison. A record of executions conducted at the prison, together with commentary, was published as The Newgate Calendar . The prison appears in
336-588: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Thomas Lunsford Sir Thomas Lunsford (c. 1610 – c. 1653) was a Royalist colonel in the English Civil War who in 1649 was exiled to the Virginia Colony, where he held offices, acquired land and died. Lunsford was son of Thomas Lunsford of Wilegh, Sussex . His mother, Katherine, was daughter of Thomas Fludd , treasurer of war to Queen Elizabeth , and sister of Robert Fludd
378-621: The Black Museum at New Scotland Yard on the prison's closure. Other famous prisoners at Newgate include: The Central Criminal Court – known as the Old Bailey after the street on which it stands – now stands upon the Newgate Prison site. The original iron gate leading to the gallows was used for decades in an alleyway in Buffalo, New York . It is currently housed in that city at Canisius University . The original door from
420-571: The City of London . A few decades later in 1236, in an effort to significantly enlarge the prison, the king converted one of the Newgate turrets, which still functioned as a main gate into the city, into an extension of the prison. The addition included new dungeons and adjacent buildings, which would remain unaltered for roughly two centuries. By the 15th century, however, Newgate was in need of repair. Following pressure from reformers who learned that
462-592: The House of Commons against his appointment. Bowing to pressure, the king removed Lunsford from the post on 26 December. The following day, Lunsford was called before the Commons for examination. On leaving the house, he was engaged in a free-for-all in Westminster Hall . Roundhead propagandists painted Lunsford with a reputation for sadism, brutality, and cannibalism. This episode was seen as contributing to
SECTION 10
#1732794333435504-541: The Rosicrucian . Lunsford was the third son and heir, with a twin, Herbert. His brothers Herbert and Henry were also Royalist officers. Henry was killed in July 1643 during the assault on Bristol . Lunsford had a wild temperament from an early age. On 27 June 1632, he was charged with killing deer on the grounds of his relative, Sir Thomas Pelham . In August 1633, Lunsford tried to murder Pelham by firing upon him from
546-512: The Tyburn gallows. These took place on the public street in front of the prison, drawing crowds until 1868, when they were moved into the prison. For much of its history, a succession of criminal courtrooms were attached to the prison, commonly referred to as the "Old Bailey". The present Old Bailey (officially, Central Criminal Court) now occupies much of the site of the prison. In the 12th century, Henry II instituted legal reforms that gave
588-413: The surname Lunsford . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lunsford&oldid=1171730261 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
630-411: The "stone hall" whereas common felons were taken to the "stone hold". The dungeons were dirty and unlit, so depraved that physicians would not enter. The conditions did not improve with time. Prisoners who could afford to purchase alcohol from the prisoner-run drinking cellar by the main entrance to Newgate remained perpetually drunk. There were lice everywhere, and jailers left the prisoners chained to
672-597: The Crown more control over the administration of justice. As part of his Assize of Clarendon of 1166, he required the construction of prisons, where the accused would stay while royal judges debated their innocence or guilt and subsequent punishment. In 1188, Newgate was the first institution established to meet that purpose. Also around this time, the Sheriffs of London were given jurisdiction in Middlesex , as well as in
714-510: The Master's side for those could afford to pay for their own food and accommodations, the Common side for those who were too poor, and a Press Yard for special prisoners. The king often used Newgate as a holding place for heretics, traitors, and rebellious subjects brought to London for trial. The prison housed both male and female felons and debtors. Prisoners were separated into wards by sex. By
756-471: The centuries, Newgate was used for a number of purposes including imprisoning people awaiting execution, although it was not always secure: burglar Jack Sheppard twice escaped from the prison before he went to the gallows at Tyburn in 1724. Prison chaplain Paul Lorrain achieved some fame in the early 18th century for his sometimes dubious publication of Confessions of the condemned. In 1783,
798-611: The colony, Lunsford patented more than 3,400 acres bordering Portobago Bay on the Rappahannock River opposite to the Native American settlement called Nanzattico, which was home to the Portobago and Nanzattico Native Americans and that later became part of Caroline County . Normally, such patents were based on the number of people (including himself) for whose emigration to Virginia the patentee had paid, and he
840-741: The doorway of a church. He was indicted, and sent on 16 August to Newgate Prison . He escaped in October 1634, although "so lame that he can only go in a coach", and fled to the continent. He served in the French army and was made colonel of a foot regiment. He was tried in absentia in the Star Chamber in June 1637, fined £8,000, and outlawed for failing to appear before the court. Lunsford married three times. He and his first wife, Anne Hudson (d. 1638), had one son who died in infancy. In 1640, he married Katherine (d. 1649), daughter of Sir Henry Neville; with whom he had three daughters. His third wife
882-528: The following year, Lunsford commanded a regiment raised from the Somerset Trained Bands . His regiment fought at the Battle of Newburn on 28 August 1640, being routed after defending the crossing against Scottish cavalry and artillery. On 22 December 1641, the king appointed Lunsford as Lieutenant of the Tower of London . The next day, the common council of London presented a petition to
SECTION 20
#1732794333435924-516: The former Nanzattico land. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Shaw, William Arthur (1893). " Lunsford, Thomas ". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Portraits of Sir Thomas Lunsford at the National Portrait Gallery, London [REDACTED] Newgate Prison Newgate Prison
966-505: The king's growing unpopularity and ultimate demise . The king knighted Lunsford on 28 December and appointed him commander of an unofficial royal guard at the Palace of Whitehall . On 4 January 1642, Sir Thomas accompanied the king on his ill-fated attempt to arrest Five Members of the House of Commons. On 13 January, Lunsford was arrested as a traitor for allegedly joining Lord Digby in
1008-462: The list of things that prison guards were not allowed to do serve as a better indication of the conditions in Newgate than the list of things that they were allowed to do. Gaolers were not allowed to take alms intended for prisoners. They could not monopolize the sale of food, charge excessive fees for beds, or demand fees for bringing prisoners to the Old Bailey . In 1393, new regulation was added to prevent gaolers from charging for lamps or beds. Not
1050-492: The mid-15th century, Newgate could accommodate roughly 300 prisoners. Though the prisoners lived in separate quarters, they mixed freely with each other and visitors to the prison. The prison was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666, and was rebuilt in 1672 by Sir Christopher Wren . In 1752, a windmill was built on top of the prison by Stephen Hales in an effort to provide ventilation. In 1769, construction
1092-491: The prisoners for food, bedding, and to be released from their shackles. To earn additional money, guards blackmailed and tortured prisoners. Among the most notorious Keepers in the Middle Ages were the 14th-century gaolers Edmund Lorimer, who was infamous for charging inmates four times the legal limit for the removal of irons, and Hugh De Croydon, who was eventually convicted of blackmailing prisoners in his care. Indeed,
1134-520: The site of London's gallows was moved from Tyburn to Newgate. Public executions outside the prison – by this time, London's main prison – continued to draw large crowds. It was also possible to visit the prison by obtaining a permit from the Lord Mayor of the City of London or a sheriff . The condemned were kept in narrow, sombre cells separated from Newgate Street by a thick wall and received only
1176-420: The sky and roofed with iron mesh (thus also known as Birdcage Walk). The bodies of the executed criminals were then buried beneath its flagstones. Until the 20th century, future British executioners were trained at Newgate. One of the last was John Ellis , who began training in 1901. In total – publicly or otherwise – 1,169 people were executed at the prison. Death masks of several of them were transferred to
1218-446: The wall to languish and starve. From 1315 to 1316, 62 deaths in Newgate were under investigation by the coroner, and prisoners were always desperate to leave the prison. The cruel treatment from guards did nothing to help the unfortunate prisoners. According to medieval statute, the prison was to be managed by two annually elected sheriffs , who in turn would sublet the administration of the prison to private "gaolers", or "keepers", for
1260-518: The women's quarters were too small and did not contain their own latrines – obliging women to walk through the men's quarters to reach one – officials added a separate tower and chamber for female prisoners in 1406. Some Londoners bequeathed their estates to repair the prison. The building was collapsing and decaying, and many prisoners were dying from the close quarters, overcrowding, rampant disease, and bad sanitary conditions. Indeed, one year, 22 prisoners died from " gaol fever ". The situation in Newgate
1302-585: Was Elizabeth, the daughter of Virginia emigrant Christopher Wormeley and granddaughter of Henry Wormeley of Riccall , Yorkshire , and the widow of Richard Kemp , member of the Governor's Council and former colonial secretary; with whom he had one daughter. In 1639, Lunsford returned to England, received a pardon from King Charles I , and joined the king's army against the Scots . During the Scottish expedition
Lunsford - Misplaced Pages Continue
1344-474: Was a prison at the corner of Newgate Street and Old Bailey, just inside the City of London , England, originally at the site of Newgate , a gate in the Roman London Wall . Built in the 12th century and demolished in 1904, the prison was extended and rebuilt many times, and remained in use for over 700 years, from 1188 to 1902. In the late 18th century, executions by hanging were moved here from
1386-465: Was a rise in street robberies. As such, the punishment for drawing out a dagger was 15 days in Newgate; injuring someone meant 40 days in the prison. Upon their arrival in Newgate, prisoners were chained and led to the appropriate dungeon for their crime. Those who had been sentenced to death stayed in a cellar beneath the keeper's house, essentially an open sewer lined with chains and shackles to encourage submission. Otherwise, common debtors were sent to
1428-668: Was also required to improve and cultivate the land. Lunsford also owned land near Potomac Creek in Northumberland County . Upon the death of the colony's secretary, Richard Kemp , Lunsford married Kemp's widow, the former Elizabeth Wormeley, and resided at Kemp's former Rich Neck Plantation . Lunsford held the rank of lieutenant-general in the Virginia militia. Accounts place his death either c. 1653 or c. 1656. Although three of Lunsford's daughters (Elizabeth, Phillippa and Mary) returned to England and Sir John Thorogood
1470-575: Was begun by the King's Master Mason, John Deval , to enlarge the prison and add a new 'Old Bailey' sessions house. Parliament granted £50,000 (~£9.3 million in 2020 terms) towards the cost, and the City of London provided land measuring 1,600 feet (500 m) by 50 feet (15 m). The work followed the designs of George Dance the Younger . The new prison was constructed to an architecture terrible design intended to discourage law-breaking. The building
1512-430: Was demolished in 1903. All manner of criminals stayed at Newgate. Some committed acts of petty crime and theft, breaking and entering homes or committing highway robberies, while others performed serious crimes such as rapes and murders. The number of prisoners in Newgate for specific types of crime often grew and fell, reflecting public anxieties of the time. For example, towards the tail end of Edward I 's reign, there
1554-434: Was estimated at £30,000 (~£5.6 million in 2020 terms). Dance's new prison was finally completed in 1782. During the early 19th century, the prison attracted the attention of the social reformer Elizabeth Fry . She was particularly concerned at the conditions in which female prisoners (and their children) were held. After she presented evidence to the House of Commons improvements were made. The prison closed in 1902, and
1596-459: Was laid out around a central courtyard, and was divided into two sections: a "Common" area for poor prisoners and a "State area" for those able to afford more comfortable accommodation. Construction of the second Newgate Prison was almost finished when it was stormed by a mob during the Gordon riots in June 1780. The building was gutted by fire, and the walls were badly damaged; the cost of repairs
1638-573: Was named as their guardian, his daughter Catherine remained in Virginia. In 1670, Catherine married Peter Jennings , the colony's attorney general, and also claimed her late father's land on Portobago Bay. In 1670, the Portobago Bay land was part of a reservation assigned to the Portobago and Nanzattico tribespeople, but Catherine Wormeley was allowed to succeed to the patent provided the native peoples were not disturbed. After Jening's death, Catherine married Ralph Wormeley Jr. who in 1680 patented
1680-611: Was released in May 1644. Sir Thomas was captured again at the Siege of Hereford in December 1645. He remained a prisoner until 1648. On 7 August 1649, he was granted permission to emigrate to Virginia with his wife and family, Lunsford and his daughters arrived in Virginia in 1649. Lunsford was named to the Council of State in 1650 and took office in 1651. Shortly after his arrival in
1722-417: Was so dire that in 1419, city officials temporarily shut down the prison. The executors of the will of Lord Mayor Dick Whittington were granted a licence to renovate the prison in 1422. The gate and gaol were pulled down and rebuilt. There was a new central hall for meals, a new chapel, and the creation of additional chambers and basement cells with no light or ventilation. There were three main wards:
Lunsford - Misplaced Pages Continue
1764-550: Was the last man to be hanged in public outside Newgate Prison (and the last person to be publicly executed in Great Britain) on 26 May 1868. From 1868, public executions were discontinued and executions were carried out on gallows inside Newgate, initially using the same mobile gallows in the Chapel Yard, but later in a shed built near the same spot. Dead Man's Walk was a long stone-flagged passageway, partly open to
#434565