34-643: Lyndoch is a town in Barossa Valley , located on the Barossa Valley Highway between Gawler and Tanunda , 58 km northeast of Adelaide . The town has an elevation of 175m and an average rainfall of 560.5mm. It is one of the oldest towns in South Australia . The town is now primarily a service centre for the surrounding grape and wine industry and a dormitory town with a significant number of local residents commuting to
68-522: A battle was thought to be inherently powerful and was a prized possession. They could also be used in many ceremonial traditions. Aboriginal shields come in two main types, broad shields, and parrying shields. Parrying shields parry blows from a club whereas broad shields block spears. Shields for parrying are thick, strong and narrow, whereas broad shields are wide but thin. Aboriginal shields were made from different materials in different areas, they were made from buttress root, mulga wood, and bark. A handle
102-398: A canoe shape and used sticks or spars to keep it open. The resin from Xanthorrhoea (grass tree) was used to waterproof the base and were also used to repair any leaks or small holes. This bark canoe is called Nawi . A small fire was kept alight in the bark canoe on a bed of wet clay or seaweed. This kept people warm in the winter and also allowed them to cook the fish they had caught. Yuki
136-659: A major role in the Barossa, being the main source of employment for many residents. The many hectares of vineyards are the most distinctive feature of the area, especially when viewed from the Mengler Hill lookout, positioned on the Barossa Range which forms much of the eastern side of the valley. The success of the wine industry has historically been celebrated every two years with a week-long Barossa Valley Vintage Festival. The festival draws visitors from all over
170-498: A shared cycling and walking path that goes from the outskirts of Gawler through Lyndoch, Rowland Flat , Tanunda , Nuriootpa to Angaston ). The Tour Down Under frequently finishes here. This South Australia geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Barossa Valley The Barossa Valley ( Barossa German : Barossa Tal ) is a valley in South Australia located 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Adelaide city centre . The valley
204-412: Is Australia's oldest and longest-running wine festival. The Barossa Gourmet Weekend is a three-day food, wine and art celebration held in the third weekend of August every year. Local wineries and venues host individual events throughout the Barossa, offering food, wine, music, arts and hospitality. Scarred tree A scarred tree or scar tree , also known as a canoe tree and shield tree ,
238-487: Is a tree which has had bark removed by Aboriginal Australians for the creation of bark canoes , shelters , weapons such as shields , tools, traps, containers (such as coolamons ), or other artefacts . Carved trees may also be created as a form of artistic and spiritual expression by some Aboriginal peoples, to mark sites of significance such as burial sites. Trees in some areas are culturally modified in other ways that change their form, including "trees-in-trees". Bark
272-507: Is another form of bark canoe, the bark on the tree was cut-out in a shape of a canoe, it was then propped up all round the edge with the help of sticks and weighted in the middle with stones and logs of wood, then a fire is made inside and under the bark to heat the sap and make it pliable and soft. It is then left to dry in the canoe shape. Bark strips could also be sewn together to make larger canoes, known as Gumung derrka and Na-riyarrku or sewn bark canoes. Non- Indigenous Australians called
306-629: Is attached or carved on the back and the shield was often painted with red and white patterns. Arragong and Tawarrang shields were carved of wood often with an outer layer of bark. Tawarrang shields were notably narrow and long and had patterns carved into the sides. This particular category of shield could also be used as a musical instrument when struck with a club, in addition to its use as a weapon. Scarred trees are found among mature native trees, especially box gum and red gum trees, along rivers and lakes and at sacred sites . They are protected by legislation. Canoe trees have been photographed along
340-484: Is formed by the North Para River . It is notable as a major wine-producing region and tourist destination. The Barossa Valley Way is the main road through the valley, connecting the main towns on the valley floor of Nuriootpa , Tanunda , Rowland Flat and Lyndoch . The Barossa Trail walking and cycling path is 40 kilometres (25 mi) long, and passes the main towns, starting from near Gawler on
374-596: Is generally recognised as the most German of the three, with traditions dating back to the 1840s when the first German settlers arrived in the area . Since many of the German settlers came from Prussian Silesia , they called the Barossa Neu-Schlesien , or " New Silesia ". The German influence survives to this day ( see Barossa German ). Angaston , in contrast, is considered the English town as it
SECTION 10
#1732787067970408-463: Is overshadowed by the wine industry, significant food production occurs in the Barossa Valley, including: The Barossa Valley holds a weekly Farmers' Market , supplying local produce which is sold directly by the producer. The week-long Barossa Vintage Festival is held biennially, in odd-numbered years. The festival runs for around a week in autumn , and traditionally marks and celebrates
442-536: The Adelaide Plains , to Angaston to the east of the valley. The traditional owners of the land including the Barossa Valley are the Peramangk people, who comprise a number of family groups. Evidence of their thousands of years of occupation can be seen all around the area, in the form of artefacts, scar trees and shelter paintings. The Barossa Valley derives its name from the Barossa Range , which
476-523: The Barossa Valley railway line from its opening in 1911 to the cessation of passenger services in 1968 and the full closure of the line in 2014. The station was also used for transport of good and timber. Before the railway was built, there was considerable discussion about the route of the line near Lyndoch, and the location of the Lyndoch railway station. Lyndoch is a stop on the Barossa Trail ,
510-475: The Harvey River area. Circles and other carved ornamentations are reported for Perth , circles for the 'Southwest. Notches are cut on two trees for each grave, an even number of notches for a man, an uneven for a woman, by the tribes from Esperance . In Northwest, trees were carved with figures of emu and kangaroo but an overwhelming majority of the engravings were of snakes, some of which undulated across
544-660: The Barossa Valley and of McLaren Vale . He said: "Barossa and McLaren Vale food and wine are key icons of South Australia. We must never allow the Barossa or McLaren Vale to become suburbs of Adelaide." The Character Preservation (Barossa Valley) Act 2012 was subsequently passed by the South Australian Parliament. In 2021, 25,066 people lived in the Barossa Valley. Most inhabitants live in Tanunda, Nuriootpa, Angaston, Williamstown and Lyndoch , each having over 1,000 people. The remaining population lives in
578-587: The Lutheran primary school at Lyndoch, hosts the Barossa Airshow annually as its fundraiser. Major Town Populations: As a rural region, there is also significant population outside of the town centres (not shown here). The Barossa Valley railway line runs through several townships in the valley. The line opened in 1911 and was last used in June 2014. It has since been closed. The wine industry plays
612-515: The area has seen opposition from the local communities. The region has a strong German Lutheran history, and many residents identify themselves as Lutherans. Some towns have more than one Lutheran church. Tanunda, for example, has Langmeil, St. Paul's, Tabor and St. Johns. Nuriootpa has St. Petri and Holy Trinity. Angaston has Zion and Salem (Penrice). Each major town has a Lutheran primary school. Tanunda has Tanunda Lutheran School, Nuriootpa has Redeemer, and Angaston has Good Shepherd. St. Jakobi,
646-509: The area. Scars remain in trees that are often over 200 years old. Sometimes there is exposed sapwood at the base or at the top of the scar, showing axe cuts. Aboriginal people removed bark from trees to make things like canoes, containers and shields, as well as to build temporary shelters. Sometimes they cut toe holds for ease of climbing, with the trees used as lookouts or to hunt for bush foods . Wrapping meat or seafood in layers of moistened paperbark ( melaleuca ) and nestling it into
680-620: The axe marks made by Aboriginal people are still visible on the sapwood of the tree, but usually the marks will be hidden because the bark has grown back. The amount of bark regrowth may help you tell the age of the scar. Sometimes, if the scar is very old, it will be completely covered by regrowth Aboriginal people made several kinds of bark canoes. Bark canoes were made from the bark of certain trees, notably red gum , stringybark , swamp mahogany and river box and were made during summer. Bark canoes were made from massive single piece of bark. They were softened over fire, tied at both ends to make
714-638: The city of Adelaide each day for employment. Lyndoch is in the Barossa Council . It is in the state electoral district of Schubert and the federal Division of Barker . Lyndoch was named by Colonel William Light in December 1837 after his esteemed friend Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch under whom he served at the Battle of Barrosa outside Cádiz during the Peninsula War , in 1811. As in
SECTION 20
#1732787067970748-499: The completion of the year's vintage season , at the end of March and beginning of April. A variety of wine-themed events are held during the festival, including wine tastings and competitions, musical events, food events with local produce, balls and parades. The Barossa Vintage Festival was first held in 1947, to celebrate the end of the grape harvest, and the end of hostilities in World War II , and has run continually since. It
782-587: The countryside, or a few smaller towns such as Moculta and Springton . All of these towns are part of the Barossa local government . The townships of Greenock , population 1087, Seppeltsfield , population 138, and Maranaga, population 104, are located on the western ridge of the valley in Light Regional Council . Many facilities not available in these towns are usually supplemented in nearby Gawler . In recent years, increased development in
816-462: The hot coals is one of traditional aboriginal way of cooking. Bark canoes were mainly used for fishing or crossing rivers or lakes rather than long journeys. They were usually propelled by punting with a long stick. To remove bark, the Aboriginal people cut an outline of the shape they wanted using stone axes or, once Europeans had arrived, steel axes. The bark was then levered off. Sometimes
850-925: The land of origin, but also to revive the practice of carved trees. In inland northern New South Wales and over the border into Queensland , around 1000 culturally modified trees have been recorded. The term is used to describe trees modified in some way by local Indigenous people, including trees planted within trees ("trees-in-trees"), trees that have been shaped into rings or arrows, or cut out to make bowls to hold water. A group of people including academics and local Indigenous and non-Indigenous people are working to improve knowledge about modified trees, and to bring about both scientific and legislative recognition and protection of trees-in-trees. Shields were made from bark or wood and usually had carved markings or painted designs. Shields were mainly used by Aboriginal warriors to defend themselves in dispute battles, often for commodities such as territory. A shield which had not lost
884-403: The naming of the Barossa Valley itself, it may have been an unfortunate misspelling that gave the town its name, but reflects the proper pronunciation of "Lynedoch". The town was settled in 1839 and the village laid out later. Lyndoch was declared a sister town to Georgetown, Texas as both Texas and South Australia celebrated their sesqui-centenaries in 1986. Lyndoch was served by a station on
918-737: The region as well. Marananga is home to the only sub-regional wine competition in Australia, hosted by the Gnadenfrei Lutheran church community since 2004 and focussed solely on benchmarking wines produced on the Western Ridge of the valley. The Barossa Valley is a rich source of some of the oldest Shiraz vines in the world. Shiraz vines planted as early as 1847 by Johann Frederick August Fiedler on Lot 1, Hundred of Moorooroo (the township of Tanunda) are still in commercial production today by Turkey Flat Vineyards. Although it
952-428: The tree while others coiled onto themselves. In Queensland , carved trees with zoomorphs and anthropomorphs in a form of snakes, lizards and humans are known. Many carved trees were destroyed by land clearing, bush fires, farming and natural decay. During the 19th century, sections of these carved trees from New South Wales were removed and placed in museums, but there is now a move not only to return these trees to
986-520: The trees thus marked as scarred trees, scar trees, canoe trees or shield trees. In the 17th century, dugout canoe technology appeared in northern Australia coastline, to supplement the bark canoe, causing many changes to both the hunting practices and the society of the northern coastline Aboriginal peoples. Carved trees are known across Australia in various forms. Most remarkable example of carved trees are found in New South Wales , and are
1020-425: The work specifically of Gamilaroi and Wiradjuri peoples. They were created to mark sites of particular ceremonial significance, such as initiation or burial sites . They are also known as arborglyphs , dendroglyphs and teleteglyphs. In Western Australia , a form of tree carving also occurred in the southwest where trees near the burial sites were sometimes carved. Notches and figures daubed red are known for
1054-534: The world, and has entertainment for all tastes including a huge street parade, concerts and gourmet dining. The Barossa Valley is primarily known for its red wine, in particular Shiraz . Normally, large proportions of Barossa Shiraz are used in Penfolds Grange , Australia's most famous wine. Other main grape varieties grown in the region include: Riesling ; Semillon ; Grenache and Cabernet Sauvignon . Fortified wines have been traditionally produced in
Lyndoch, South Australia - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-588: Was named by Colonel William Light in 1837. Light chose the name in memory of the British victory over the French in the Battle of Barrosa , in which he fought in 1811. The name "Barossa" was registered in error, due to a clerical error in transcribing the name "Barrosa". The area is approximately 13 by 14 kilometres (8.1 by 8.7 mi). The three major towns of the Barossa have distinctive characteristics. Tanunda
1122-467: Was removed by making deep cuts in a tree with a stone pickaxe or other similar tool. The area of bark removed is typically regular in shape, often with parallel sides and slightly pointed or rounded ends, and the scar usually stops above ground level. Australian native Eucalypt species such as box and red gum (especially in Victoria ), swamp mahogany , river box , or whichever species are native in
1156-418: Was settled predominantly by Cornish miners and others from Britain . The third, and largest town, Nuriootpa , was influenced by both German and British settlers, and today is the commercial hub of the Barossa and it is where most of the larger stores are located. In February 2011, South Australian Premier , Mike Rann , announced that special legislation would be introduced to protect the unique heritage of
#969030