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55-528: The site of Lystra is believed to be located 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the city of Konya (Iconium in the New Testament), north of the village of Hatunsaray and some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of a small town called Akoren. A small museum within the village of Hatunsaray displays artifacts from ancient Lystra. Lystra is the ancient name of the village visited by Paul the Apostle. There

110-485: A Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford in 1882, from 1885 to 1886 Ramsay held the newly created Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at Oxford and became a fellow of Lincoln College (honorary fellow 1898). In 1886 Ramsay was appointed Regius Professor of Humanity at the University of Aberdeen. He remained affiliated with Aberdeen until his retirement in 1911. When Ramsay first travelled to Asia Minor,

165-535: A Metropolitan Municipality. Home to several industrial parks. The city ranks among the Anatolian Tigers . In 2012 exports from Konya reached 130 countries. A number of Turkish industrial conglomerates, such as Bera (ex Kombassan) Holding, have their headquarters in Konya. While agriculture-based industries play a role, the city's economy has evolved into a center for the manufacturing of components for

220-510: A degree beyond any other historian's". Specifically, Ramsay's studies in Asia Minor led him to accept the trustworthiness of Luke's account in the Book of Acts. He wrote: "I may fairly claim to have entered on this investigation without any prejudice in favour of the conclusion which I shall now attempt to justify to the reader. On the contrary, I began with a mind unfavourable to it for

275-562: A girls' school. In 1923 during the population exchange between Greece and Turkey , the Greeks of the nearby village of Sille were forced to leave as refugees and resettle in Greece . The first local administration in Konya was founded in 1830 and converted into a municipality in 1876. In March 1989, the municipality became a Metropolitan Municipality. As of that date, Konya had three central district municipalities (Meram, Selçuklu, Karatay) and

330-427: A man who had been lame from birth. The man leaped up and began to walk and thus so impressed the crowd that they took Paul for Hermes , because he was the "chief speaker," and his companion Barnabas for Zeus . The crowd spoke in the local Lycaonian language and wanted to offer sacrifices to them, but Paul and Barnabas tore their clothes in dismay and shouted that they were merely men. They used this opportunity to tell

385-744: A newly established kingdom. Following the fall of the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate in 1307, Konya became the capital of the Karamanids , a Turkish beylik , which lasted until 1322 when the city was captured by the neighbouring Beylik of Karamanoğlu . In 1420, the Beylik of Karamanoğlu fell to the Ottoman Empire and, in 1453, Konya was made the provincial capital of the Karaman Eyalet . Under Ottoman rule, Konya

440-812: A period of chaos overwhelmed Anatolia after the Seljuk victory in the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, and the Norman mercenary leader Roussel de Bailleul rose in revolt at Iconium. The city was finally conquered by the Seljuks in 1084. Iconium became the second capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum after the fall of Nicaea until 1243. It was briefly occupied by the army of the First Crusade (August 1097) and Frederick Barbarossa (May 18, 1190) after

495-484: A range of destinations, including Istanbul , Ankara and İzmir . It is connected to the town centre by a tram. The Konya Tram network is 41 km (25 mi) long and has two lines with 41 stations. Opened in 1992, it was expanded in 1996 and 2015. The Konya Tram uses Škoda 28 T vehicles. Work began on building a Konya Metro in 2020 and is expected to be completed in 2024 and will have 22 stations. Konya also has an extensive inner-city bus network. Konya

550-498: A traditional rice dish made from meat and assorted vegetables. Konya is also known for its sweets, including cezerye , an old Turkish sweet made from carrots, and pişmaniye , which is similar to American cotton candy. The city's football team Konyaspor is part of the Turkish Professional Football League . On May 31, 2017, they won their first national trophy, beating İstanbul Başakşehir to

605-561: Is twinned with: General William Mitchell Ramsay Sir William Mitchell Ramsay FBA (15 March 1851 – 20 April 1939) was a British archaeologist and New Testament scholar. He was the foremost authority of his day on the history of Asia Minor , and a leading scholar in the study of the New Testament . Ramsay was educated in the Tübingen school of thought (founded by F. C. Baur ) which doubted

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660-471: Is a present-day village called " Kilistra " near Gökyurt, a village of the Meram district of Konya province . Ancient ruins can be seen near Klistra, including a church with a big cross marked on the wall, a winery, house-like buildings, and the ruins of a city located over the top of a hill which is locally called "Alusumas", where another church ruin can be seen. According to local people, the less-visible city

715-548: Is also likely that Paul revisited Lystra near the beginning of his Third Missionary Journey. Unlike other cities Paul visited, Lystra apparently had no synagogue, although Timothy's mother and grandmother were Jewesses, thus exposing him at an early age to the Holy Scriptures . Lystra appears to have been the first location where the apostles reached the Gentiles with the gospel of Christ without approaching them through

770-625: Is connected to Ankara , Eskişehir , Istanbul and Karaman via the high-speed railway services of the Turkish State Railways . Konya Airport (KYA) is a public airport but also a military airbase used by NATO . The Third Air Wing of the 1st Air Force Command is based at the Konya Air Base . The wing controls the four Boeing 737 AEW&C Peace Eagle aircraft of the Turkish Air Force . Konya

825-688: Is in the southern part of the Central Anatolia Region with the southernmost side of the province hemmed in by the Taurus Mountains . Konya has a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ) under the Köppen classification and a temperate continental ( Dc ) climate under the Trewartha classification. Summer daytime temperatures average 30 °C (86 °F), although summer nights are cool. The highest temperature recorded in Konya

880-621: Is recognised as an important scholar in the archaeology of Asia Minor as well as the study of the New Testament, mainly from his 19th century work. In the 1960s, W. Ward Gasque listed three significant contributions of his to biblical studies: his conclusion of the reliability and accuracy of Luke-Acts ; his identification of the Galatians with the Christians of Derbe , Lystra , Iconium , and Pisidian Antioch ; and his emphasis on

935-730: Is served by frequent flights from Istanbul whereas flights to and from İzmir are offered few times a week. Konya is believed to correspond to the Late Bronze Age toponym Ikkuwaniya known from Hittite records. This placename is regarded as Luwian in origin. During classical antiquity and the medieval period it was known as Ἰκόνιον ( Ikónion ) in Greek (with regular Medieval Greek apheresis [Kónio(n)] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |script= ( help ) ) and as Iconium in Latin . A folk etymology holds that

990-718: Is usually spelt Konia or Koniah . In the late medieval period, Konya was the capital of the Seljuk Turks ' Sultanate of Rum , from where the sultans ruled over Anatolia. As of 2023, the population of the Metropolitan Province was just over 2.3 million, making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey , and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region , after Ankara . Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train ( YHT ) services from Istanbul , Ankara and Karaman . The local airport ( Konya Havalimanı , KYA)

1045-649: The Battle of Iconium (1190) . The area was reoccupied by the Turks after the Crusaders left. Konya reached the height of its wealth and influence in the second half of the 12th century when the Seljuk sultans of Rum also subdued the Anatolian beyliks to their east, especially that of the Danishmends , thus establishing their rule over virtually all of eastern Anatolia ,. They also acquired several port towns along

1100-540: The Karamanids , before being taken over by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. After the Turkish War of Independence the city became part of the modern Republic of Turkey. Excavations have shown that the region was inhabited during the Late Copper Age , around 3000 BC. The Phrygians established their kingdom in central Anatolia in the eighth century BC and Xenophon describes Iconium (as

1155-576: The Mediterranean (including Alanya ) and the Black Sea (including Sinop ) and even gained a brief foothold in Sudak , Crimea . This golden age lasted until the first decades of the 13th century. Many Persians and Persianised Turks from Persia and Central Asia migrated to Anatolian cities either to flee the invading Mongols or to benefit from the opportunities for educated Muslims in

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1210-480: The Renaissance and were draped over furniture to show off the wealth and status of their owners. They often crop up in contemporary oil paintings as symbols of the wealth of the painter's clients. One of the city's best-known dishes, etli ekmek consists of slices of lamb served on flaps of soft white bread. Konya is also known for unfeasibly long pides (Turkish pizzas) intended to be shared, and tirit ,

1265-504: The Roman Catholic Church 's list of titular sees , the most recent titular bishop having been Bishop Enrique A. Angelelli Carletti in the 1960s, later Bishop of La Rioja , Argentina. Archaeologist and New Testament Scholar Sir William Mitchell Ramsay wrote in 1907: "Excavation at Lystra is urgently needed in the interests of history and New Testament study". He wrote in 1941: "One hopes that some enthusiast will spend

1320-651: The Türkiye Kupası in a penalty shootout. They repeated this success on August 6, 2017, defeating Beşiktaş to win the Türkiye Süper Kupası (Turkish Super Bowl). Konya Metropolitan Stadium (Konya Büyükşehir Stadyumu) is in the Selçuklu neighbourhood and can seat up to 42,000 spectators. The city hosted the 2022 Islamic Solidarity Games in August 2022. Founded in 1975, Selçuk University had

1375-456: The authorship of the Pauline epistles Ramsay also concluded that all thirteen New Testament letters ostensibly written by Paul were in fact authentic. Beginning in 1880, Ramsay began receiving honorary degrees, which eventually included a D.C.L. from Oxford, LL.D. recognition from St Andrews and Glasgow, and a D.D. from Edinburgh. In 1906, Ramsay was knighted for his scholarly achievements on

1430-729: The 400th anniversary of the founding of the University of Aberdeen. He was elected a member of learned societies in Europe and America and was awarded a medal by the University of Pennsylvania . Ramsay was awarded the Gold Medal of Pope Leo XIII in 1893, and the Victoria Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1906. In 1919, Ramsay was named president of the Royal Geographical Society . Ramsay

1485-588: The Lystrans of the Creator God citing 'the rain from heaven and fruitful seasons' as evidence of God's activity and generosity. Soon, however, through the influence of the Jewish leaders from Antioch, Pisidia and Iconium, the Lystrans stoned Paul and left him for dead. As the disciples gathered around him, Paul stood on his feet and went back into the town. The next day, he and Barnabas left for Derbe ; but on

1540-528: The Ottomans. During the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1922) Konya was a major air base . In 1922, the air force, renamed as the Inspectorate of Air Forces, was headquartered in Konya. Before 1923, 4,000 Orthodox, Turkish-speaking and Greek-speaking Christians lived there. The Greek community numbered approximately 2,500 people who maintained, at their own expense, a church, a boys' school and

1595-851: The Seven Churches . ) Ramsay studied at the University of Aberdeen , where he achieved high distinction. He then won a scholarship to St. John's College, Oxford , where he obtained a first class in classical moderations (1874) and in literae humaniores (1876), He also studied Sanskrit under scholar Theodor Benfey at Göttingen . In 1880 Ramsay received an Oxford studentship for travel and research in Greece. At Smyrna, he met Sir C. W. Wilson, then British consul-general in Anatolia, who advised him on inland areas suitable for exploration, and made two long journeys with him in 1881 and 1882. Ramsay travelled widely in Asia Minor and rapidly became

1650-443: The automotive industry; machinery manufacturing; agricultural tools; casting; plastic paints and chemicals; construction materials; paper and packaging; processed foods; textiles; and leather. Turkey's largest solar farm is located 20 miles east of the city, near Karapınar . Konya sits in the center of the largest province, in the largest plain ( Konya Plain ), and is the seventh most heavily populated city in Turkey. The city

1705-551: The beginning of his Third Missionary Journey several years later. According to the apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla , Iconium was also the birthplace of Saint Thecla , who saved the city from attack by the Isaurians in 354. Under the Byzantine Empire , the city became the seat of a bishop, and in c.  370 was raised to the status of a metropolitan see for Lycaonia , with Saint Amphilochius as

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1760-471: The city centre of Afyon. In 1883, he discovered the world's oldest complete piece of music, the Seikilos epitaph . In 1890 he discovered inscriptions in an unknown Anatolian language, Pisidian , a description of which he published in 1895. He was known for his expertise in the historic geography and topography of Asia Minor and of its political, social, cultural, and religious history. After becoming

1815-580: The city was originally called) as the last city of Phrygia. The region was overwhelmed by Cimmerian invaders c.  690 BC . Later it formed part of the Persian Empire , until Darius III was defeated by Alexander the Great in 333 BC. Alexander's empire broke up shortly after his death and the town came under the rule of Seleucus I Nicator . During the Hellenistic period the town

1870-459: The common ground of Judaism. Similar to his later approach in Athens, Paul introduces the Lystrans to God as their Creator and divine Benefactor. Theologian John Gill linked Paul's reference to 'the rain from heaven and fruitful seasons' to the words of the Jewish prophet Jeremiah : Do any of the worthless idols of the nations bring rain? In Christian times Lystra had a bishop. It is included in

1925-603: The end of his career he became involved in Christian apologetics , which combined with his argumentative and caustic tendencies ultimately harmed his reputation among scholars. He died at his home in Bournemouth on the 20th of April, 1939. Ramsay was born in Glasgow, Scotland , the youngest son of a third-generation lawyer, Thomas Ramsay and his wife Jane Mitchell, daughter of William Mitchell . His father died when he

1980-611: The first metropolitan bishop. In the 7th century it became part of the Anatolic Theme and was, together with the nearby (Caballa) Kaballah Fortress ( Turkish : Gevale Kalesi ) ( location ) a frequent target of Arab attacks during the Arab–Byzantine wars in the eighth to tenth century, being captured by Arabs in 723–724. The rebellious general Andronikos Doukas used the Kaballah fortress as his base in 905–906. During

2035-501: The historical context of the New Testament. However, his later work suffered in scholarly reputation. Persuaded by William Robertson Nicoll , he worked as a popular apologist and his writings from that period has been dismissed by scholars for their speculative content. He also had a reputation as a controversialist, remaining argumentative even into old age. Ramsay's wife, Agnes, accompanied him in many of his journeys; Lady Ramsay, granddaughter of Andrew Marshall of Kirkintilloch ,

2090-495: The ingenuity and apparent completeness of the Tubingen theory had at one time quite convinced me. It did not lie then in my line of life to investigate the subject minutely but more recently I found myself often brought in contact with the book of Acts as an authority for the topography, antiquities, and society of Asia Minor. It was gradually borne in upon me that in various details the narrative showed marvellous truth." Regarding

2145-673: The largest number of students (76,080) of any public university in Turkey during the 2008–09 academic year. The other public university, Necmettin Erbakan University , was established in Konya in 2010. Private colleges in Konya include the KTO Karatay University. Konya hosts the Anatolian Eagle Tactical Training Centre for training NATO Allies and friendly Air Forces. The central bus station has connections to

2200-520: The locations of many of the cities mentioned in the Book of Acts were not known. Later in life Ramsay stated, "Further study ... showed that the book could bear the most minute scrutiny as an authority for the facts of the Aegean world, and that it was written with such judgment, skill, art and perception of truth as to be a model of historical statement", also stating that one "may press the words of Luke in

2255-556: The money needed to clear up the topography of Lystra; and some fragments, at present valueless, may be completed by his discoveries". Konya Konya is a major city in central Turkey , on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau , and is the capital of Konya Province . During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium . In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name

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2310-468: The name Ikónion was derived from εἰκών (' icon '), referring to an ancient Greek legend according to which the hero Perseus vanquished the native population with an image of the " Gorgon Medusa 's head " before founding the city. Konya was known as Dârülmülk to the Rum Seljuks . The Konya region has been inhabited since the third millennium BC and fell at different times under

2365-636: The new vilayet system introduced in 1864. In 1832 Anatolia was invaded by Mehmed Ali Paşa of Kavala whose son, İbrahim Paşa , occupied Konya. Although he was driven out with the help of the European powers, Konya went into a decline after this, as described by the British traveller, William Hamilton, who visited in 1837 and found a scene 'of destruction and decay', as he recorded in his Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus and Armenia , published in 1842. Konya's textile and mining industries flourished under

2420-429: The recognised authority on all matters relating to the districts associated with St Paul's missionary journeys and on Christianity in the early Roman Empire . Greece and Turkey remained the focus of Ramsay's research for the remainder of his academic career. In November 1881, he discovered two of the most important Phrygian monuments – the rock tombs "Aslantaş" (Lion Stone) and "Yılantaş" (Snake Stone), located close to

2475-622: The reliability of the New Testament, but his extensive archaeological and historical studies convinced him of its historical accuracy. From the post of Professor of Classical Art and Architecture at Oxford , he was appointed Regius Professor of Humanity at Aberdeen . Knighted in 1906 to mark his distinguished service to the world of scholarship, Ramsay also gained three honorary fellowships from Oxford colleges, nine honorary doctorates from British, Continental and North American universities, and became an honorary member of almost every association devoted to archaeology and historical research. At

2530-508: The return part of their journey, they stopped once more at Lystra, encouraging the disciples there to steadfastness. Paul visited this city again on his second missionary tour. Timothy, a young disciple there, was probably among those who on the previous occasion at Lystra witnessed Paul's persecution and courage. Timothy left Lystra to become the companion of Paul and Silas on the rest of the Second Missionary Journey. It

2585-621: The rule of the Hittites , the Phrygians , the Greeks , the Persians and the Romans . In the 11th century the Seljuk Turks conquered the area and began ruling over its Rûm ( Byzantine Greek ) inhabitants, making Konya the capital of their new Sultanate of Rum . Under the Seljuks, the city reached the height of its wealth and influence. Following their demise, Konya came under the rule of

2640-421: The tenth or eleventh century the church of Saint Amphilochius was constructed inside the citadel of Kaballa, housing the tomb of the saint which the Turks later believed to be the tomb of Plato , renaming the church to Eflâtun Mescidi (mosque of Plato). The monastery of Saint Chariton , another local from Iconium, was located a few miles away in Sylata . The Seljuk Turks first raided the area in 1069 , but

2695-446: The tribes in the mountains to the west. Later, it was incorporated into the Roman province of Galatia , and soon afterwards the Romans built a road connecting Lystra to Iconium to the north. Paul the Apostle visited here to preach the Christian gospel in 48 AD and again in 51 AD on his first and second missionary journeys , initially coming back after persecution drove him away from Iconium. According to Acts 14:8–10 , Paul healed

2750-448: Was 40.9 °C (106 °F) on 14 August 2023, closely beating the former record of 40.6 °C (105 °F) on 30 July 2000. Winters average −4.2 °C (24 °F), and the lowest temperature recorded was −26.5 °C (−16 °F) on 6 February 1972. Precipitation levels are low and happen mainly in winter and spring. Konya has a reputation for being one of the more religiously conservative metropolitan centres in Turkey. Konya

2805-409: Was administered by the Sultan's sons ( Şehzade ) , starting with Şehzade Mustafa and Şehzade Cem (the sons of Sultan Mehmed II ), and continuing with the future Sultan Selim II . Between 1483 and 1864, Konya was the administrative capital of the Karaman Eyalet . During the reforming Tanzimat period, it became the seat of the larger Vilayet of Konya which replaced the Karaman Eyalet, as part of

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2860-470: Was constructed over the hill to hide from enemies of ancient Anatolia. This site is still awaiting excavation. Lystra is located on an ancient road which ran from Ephesus to Sardis to Antioch in Pisidia to Iconium and Lystra, to Derbe, through the Cilician Gates , to Tarsus, to Antioch in Syria, and then to points east and south. The Roman Empire made Lystra a colony in 6 BCE, under the name of Colonia Iulia Felix Gemina , possibly to gain better control of

2915-484: Was ruled by the kings of Pergamon . As Attalus III , the last king of Pergamon, was about to die without an heir, he bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman Republic . Once incorporated into the Roman Empire , under emperor Claudius , the city's name was changed to Claudiconium. During the reign of emperor Hadrianus it was known as Colonia Aelia Hadriana. Paul and Silas probably visited Konya during Paul's Second Missionary Journey in about AD 50, as well as near

2970-426: Was six years old, and the family moved from the city to the family home in the country district near Alloa . The help of his older brother and his maternal uncle, Andrew Mitchell of Alloa, made it possible for him to receive an education at the Gymnasium in Old Aberdeen . (Other relatives include Mary Ramsay and Agnes Margaret Ramsay, who contributed photographs and illustrations in Ramsay's later work, The Letters to

3025-527: Was the final home of Rumi (Mevlana), whose turquoise-domed tomb in the city is its primary tourist attraction. In 1273, Rumi's followers established the Mevlevi Sufi order of Islam and became known as the Whirling Dervishes . Every Saturday, there are Whirling Dervish performances ( semas ) at the Mevlana Cultural Centre. Unlike some of the commercial performances staged in cities like Istanbul, these are genuinely spiritual sessions. Expensive, richly patterned Konya carpets were exported to Europe during

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